The Global CCS SceneJohn Gale

General ManagerIEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme

IEAGHG Summer SchoolNottingham, UK

July 2013

© OECD/IEA 2011 

Existing and announced policies will not halt the rise in CO2 emissions

Energy‐related CO2 emissions by fuel in the New Policies Scenario, 1980‐2035

Global emissions slow but still rise by 18% between 2009 & 2035,a trend consistent with a rise in global temperature of around 3.5⁰C

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1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2035

Gt

Gas

Oil

Coal

Latest news on CO2concentrations?

http://keelingcurve.ucsd.edu/

25th April 2013 CO2 level was 399.72ppm

Last time earths atmosphere contained 415ppm CO2 was the Pliocene era between five million and three

million years ago.

Climate change• UNFCC - International Panel on Climate

Change – Fourth Assessment Report 2007• “The Earth’s climate system has demonstrably changed on both

global and regional scales since the pre-industrial era, with some of these changes attributable to human activities”.

• “Human activities have increased the atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases”

• “An increasing body of observations gives a collective picture of a warming world and other changes in the climate system”

• “Globally it is very likely that the 1990s was the warmest decade, and 1998 the warmest year, in the instrumental record (1861–2000) greater than that for any other century in the last thousand years”

What does this mean?• “The scientists tell us that if the world

warms by 2°C -- warming which may be reached in 20 to 30 years -- that will cause widespread food shortages, unprecedented heat-waves, and more intense cyclones.

• “These changes forecast for the tropics illustrate the level of hardships that will be inflicted on all regions eventually, it we fail to keep warming under control,”

• “Urgent action is needed to not only reduce greenhouse gas emissions, but also to help countries prepare for a world of dramatic climate and weather extremes.”

World Bank Group PresidentJim Yong Kim.

Latest World Bank ReportTurn Down the Heat: Climate Extremes, Regional Impacts, and the Case for Resilience

http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/06/17862361/turn-down-heat-climate-extremes-regional-impacts-case-resilience-full-report

Recent DevelopmentsPresident Obama, 2013• “We have to all shoulder the

responsibility for keeping the planet habitable, or we're going to suffer the consequences – together”

• “Our planet is changing in ways that will have profound impacts on all of humankind”

• “As the world's largest economy and second-largest carbon emitter, we can't stand on the side lines. We've got a unique responsibility”.

Detractors in USA• House Speaker John Boehner,

has called the plans "absolutely crazy“

• Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell, a Republican, said imposing carbon rules on power plants amounted to a "war on coal".

“These global warming studies [are] a bunch of snake oil science.” Governor Sarah Palin, 2010Rep. Paul Ryan “intentionally mislead the public on the issue of climate change.” He has implied that snow invalidates global warming. 2011

© OECD/IEA 2009

The ETP BLUE Map Scenario

What is CCS

Source: DNV

Simple fact: The minimum injection depth is thesame as 4 power stations coolingtowers stacked on top of each oth

Global CCS Update

Very Active region

Active region

R&D/Pilots

Active region

Developing Interest

• 8 large-scale and 20 small-scale field projects based on a

strong Core R&D and Infrastructure program • Diverse CO2 sources: natural gas processing plants, coal

power plant, ethanol production plant, natural CO2 source

• All tests have extensive Monitoring, Verification,

Accounting • Results used to develop initial and updates to Best Practice

Manuals (MVA, Site Characterization, Public Outreach, Well Activities, and Risk Assessment and Simulation)

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Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnerships Eight Large-Scale Field Projects

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Partnership Geologic Province Target Injection Volume (tonnes)

Big Sky Kevin Dome- Duperow Formation 1,000,000

MGSC Illinois Basin- Mt. Simon Sandstone 1,000,000

MRCSP Michigan Basin- Niagaran Reef 1,000,000

PCOR

Powder River Basin- Muddy Sandstone >1,000,000

Horn River Basin- Carbonates >1,000,000

SECARB

Gulf Coast - Tuscaloosa Formation >3,000,000

Gulf Coast – Paluxy Formation 250,000

SWP Anadarko Basin- Morrow Sandstone 1,000,000

WESTCARB Regional Characterization

Injection Ongoing

2013-2015 Injection Scheduled

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Large-volume tests Three Active Injections Remaining injections scheduled 2013-2015

Injection started

Nov 2011

Injection started

April 2009

Core Sampling Taken

Note: Some locations presented on map may differ from final injection location

Injection started

April 2012

RCSP Phase III: Development Phase Large-Scale Geologic Tests

Characterization activities

completed Seismic Survey P1 Completed

Injection started

April 2013

Major CCS Demonstration Projects 1st Generation Demonstrations

CCPI ICCS Area 1 FutureGen 2.0

Major CCS Demonstration Projects Project Locations & USDOE Cost Share

Southern Company Kemper County IGCC Project

Novel Transport Gasifier w/Carbon Capture

DOE Share: $270M EOR – ~3.0 M TPY 2014 start

NRG W.A. Parish Generating Station Post Combustion CO2 Capture

DOE Share: $167M EOR – ~1.4M TPY 2016 start

Summit TX Clean Energy Commercial Demo of Advanced

IGCC w/ Full Carbon Capture DOE Share: $450M

EOR – ~2.2 TPY 2017 start

HECA Commercial Demo of Advanced

IGCC w/ Full Carbon Capture DOE Share: $408M

EOR – ~2.6M TPY 2019 start

Leucadia Energy CO2 Capture from Methanol Plant

DOE Share: $261M EOR – ~4.5 M TPY 2017 start

Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. CO2 Capture from Steam Methane Reformers

DOE Share: $284M EOR – ~0.93M TPY 2012 start

FutureGen 2.0 Large-scale Testing of Oxy-Combustion

DOE Share: Plant - $1.04B SALINE – 1M TPY 2017 start

Archer Daniels Midland CO2 Capture from Ethanol Plant

DOE Share: $141M SALINE – ~0.9M TPY 2014 start

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Boundary Dam 300MWe CCS capture retrofit

Zama CO2-EOR Pilot

Aquistore Project

Weyburn–MidaleCO2 Monitoring and Injection Project

Husky CO2 Capture and Liquefaction Project

Fort Nelson Pilot

CCP Oxy-Fuel Combustion Pilot on to OTSG Boilers

European Situation• European CCS Directive launched in 2009.

• Very few Countries have ratified by deadline of June 2011• Energy Infrastructure Priorities (EIP) in November 2010

• Included CO2 Transport Network• European Trading Scheme launched

• Price of CER’s in European Trading Scheme hit all time low of €2.5/tonne CO2 recently.

• European Energy Programme for Recovery• Only 1 project surviving

• New Entrant Reserve 300 stimulus package for Low C technology• Funded by ETS Credits• No CCS Projects in First Call. • Second call planned for

• Plan to boost ETS price by European Commission• Rejected by MEPs

• New Consultation Paper released for comment on ways to stimulate take up of CCS in Member States

Sleipner

Snovit

Compostella

K12-B Pilot

Ketzin Pilot

Test Centre Mongstad

UK Competition

Mustang Pilot

National Research Projects: Norway, Sweden, Finland, France, Germany, the Netherlands & UK (Scotland). Nordic CCS Centre

Capture Pilot Plants:Germany (2)Netherlands (2)France (1)UK (3)Italy (1)Norway (2)Poland (1)

ROAD Project

Developments in the UK• UK CCS Roadmap published in April 2012

• CCS Commercialisation Programme - £1bn• £125M, 4 year R&D and innovation programme

o UK CCS Research Centreo Electricity Market Reform

� Development of a market for Low C electricity � FIT’s for different low C technologies

o Industry engagement to develop CCS supply chain, storage and infrastructure developments

o International Engagement

• UK CCS Competition• Eight bids received at close of competition, July 2012• 4 bids taken forward to detailed negotiation

o Revised bids received in January 2013o Two projects selected in March 2013

Preferred bidders• Peterhead Project in Aberdeenshire, Scotland

• capture from an existing gas fired power station transporting it and storing it in a depleted gas field beneath the North Sea. Shell and SSE

• White Rose Project in Yorkshire, England • Capture from a new coal-fired power station at the Drax

site in North Yorkshire, transporting and storage in a saline aquifer beneath the southern North Sea. Alstom, Drax Power, BOC and National Grid.

• Two FEEDs to be completed and FID’s by early 2015

• Two reserves .

Rotterdam Capture and Storage Demonstration Project (ROAD)• A new 1,100 MWe coal-fired power (Maasvlakte Power Plant 3) • The capture unit has a capacity of 250 MWe will capture 1.1 m/t CO2 per yr• The capture installation was planned to be operational in 2015.• The CO2 will be transported through a pipeline: 5 km over land and 20 km on

the seabed to the P18-A platform in the North Sea.• The pipeline has a transport capacity of around 5 million tonnes per year.• The CO2 in depleted gas reservoirs under the North Sea.

• These gas reservoirs are located in block P18 of the Dutch continental shelf, approximately 20 kilometres off the coast.

• The depleted gas reservoirs are at a depth of around 3,500 meters

• Have an estimated storage capacity of ~35Mt CO2.• Status

• Funded under EEPR• First project approved by EU• Didn’t apply for NER 300 Round 1• €100 million funding shortfall.

Norway• FID on Mongstad gas fired power plant with

CCS in early 2016• CO2 Free vision for Svalbard

• CO2 capture and storage from new coal fired power plant

• UNIS CO2lab established in 2010• Suitable geology on Svalbard for storage• Exploration and pilot drilling underway

Hubs and Clusters• Port of Rotterdam• Port of Antwerp

(Belgium)• LeHavre (France)• Humberside• Baltic Sea Energy

Co-operation (BASREC)

CCS Research in Industry• In Europe

• ULCOS Projecto Demonstrate oxy blast furnace with top gas recycle and

Capture at Florange, France

• European Cement Research Association (ECRA)o Phased development project for pilot scale demonstration of

oxy fuel firing of cement kiln in late 2013.

• Japan• COURSE 50Project

o Demonstrate post combustion capture from blast furnace –30tpd pilot scale

• Korea• Demonstrate ammonia scrubbing of blast furnace gas,

1st stage pilot testing

Developments in East Asia• Japan

• Offshore pilot project in preparation• Japanese companies involved actively in

projects around globe – Callide (Aus), MHI in USA and JGC (In-Salah)

• Japan CCS Corp established• Korea

• Korea CCS R&D Center (KCRC) established• Demonstration of 100MWe Class Oxy-PC

Power Plant by 2015o ProposedYoungdong TPP

CCS Developments in South East Asia• CCS-M to be launched in Bali in May 2013,

• 4-year regional capacity building program on CCS to benefit the CCOP member countries

• Funded by Norway and GCCSI• ADB CCS study in Southeast Asia (GHGT-11)

• Indonesia, Vietnam, Thailand and Philippines • A scoping analysis to rank large emissions sources,

inventory with potential sinks and develop national roadmaps for CCS

• Indonesia, the study identified a possible pilot project in South Sumatra.

Developments in Asia• China

• GreenGen facility (265MWe IGCC now operational)

o CO2 capture slip stream to be added in 2013• Oxy fuel Road map

o 35MWt oxy‐fuel combustion boiler with100,000 t/a CO2 storage to be built in 2014

� Yingcheng, Hubei Province

o 200MWe demonstration plant to be built in 2020

Post-Combustion Capture Development in China

• Cooperation between CSIRO and China Huaneng Group – CHNG

• CO2 captured from flue gas slip stream of 800MWe Gaobeidian Coal Fired CHP (Beijing)

• Operation started July 2008

• Project led by Huaneng and TPRI• CO2 captured from the flue gas slip

stream of 660MWe USC Shidongkou(No. 2) Power Plant (Shanghai)

• Operation started in December 2010• Total Investment: US$ 14.6 Million• Total CO2 capture cost of <

200RMB/t (US$ 30-35/t) incl. processing to food grade.

~3000 t/y CO2 ~120,000 t/y CO2

Thank you, any Questions?y yContact me at: john.gale@ieaghg.org

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