The Geography of Greece

Bronze Age Greece

Crete: Minoan Civilization

(Palace at Knossos)

Knossos: Minoan Civilization

Minoan Civilization

The Mycenaean Civilization

Homer: The “Heroic Age”

The Mask of Agamemnon

ATHENS: 700’sbce-300’sbce

Piraeus: Athens’ Port City

Early Athenian LawgiversDraco First written code created

around 621 “draconian”

Solon(archon in 594 B.C.)Outlawed selling people into slavery

to pay their debtDivided citizens into 4 groups based

on wealth: wealthiest 2 could hold office

Cleisthenes created the first democracy

Athenian Society• 3 class groups

– Citizens: extended to all those born in Athens, only the men had political rights

– Metics: born outside Athens, free and had to pay taxes but had no political rights and could not own land

– Slaves: captured in war, together with metics made up more than half of Athenian society

Persian Wars: 499 BCE – 480 BCE

Persian WarsThe War begins: real vs Hollywood!http://youtu.be/EmOH5f1J1Uc

Marathon (490 BCE) 26 miles from Athens

Thermopylae (480 BCE) 300 Spartans at the mountain

pass Death of Leonidas

Salamis (480 BCE) Athenian navy victoriousFinal Victory: Battle of Plataea

http://youtu.be/Qsma7OGcp6A

Golden “Age of Pericles”:

460 BCE – 429 BCE

The Delian League

Thasos

Naxos

Delos

Lesbos

Melos

The Age of Pericles• Not only did Pericles bring

great changes to the government of Greece, he also brought great changes to the nature of art and progress of his time.

• The great structures of Greece, The New Temple of Athena and the Parthenon among others, were built during his time. Not only did Pericles use these structures to change the face of Greek art and the cultural pulse of the nation but he also used them for political reasons as well.

Great Athenian Philosophers

Socrates Know thyself! question everything only the pursuit of goodness

brings happiness.

Plato The Academy The world of the FORMS The Republic philosopher-king

Great Athenian Philosophers

$ Aristotle The Lyceum “Golden Mean”

[everything inmoderation].

Logic. Scientific method.

Athens: The Arts & Sciences

DRAMA (tragedians): Aeschylus Sophocles Euripides

THE SCIENCES: Pythagoras Democritus all matter made

up of small atoms.

Hippocrates “Father of Medicine”

Phidias’ Acropolis

The Acropolis Today

The Parthenon

The Agora

The Classical Greek “Ideal”

Olympia

The Ancient Olympics:

Athletes & Trainers

Olympia: Temple to Hera

The 2004 Olympics

SPARTA

SPARTA

Helots Messenians enslaved by the Spartans.

Spartan society • 3 social groups

– Equals: descended from the invaders, controlled Sparta

– Half-citizens: free, paid taxes and served in the army but had no political power, some farmed but others worked in the city as traders or artisans

– Helots: slaves, greatly outnumbered the other groups so Spartans used force to control them, in large part this is why Sparta became a military city-state

Spartan Government• Two kings led Sparta

– 1 king handled military– 1 king took care of domestic matters

• A council of Elders– Made up of 28 male citizens over the

age of 60– Proposed laws and served as a

criminal court• An assembly

– Included all male citizens over 30– Elected 5 ephors

• Made sure the kings stayed within the law• Elected for a 1 year term

– Controlled the education of Spartans

Peloponnesian Wars

Macedonia Under Philip II

Alexander the Great

Alexander the Great’s Empire

Alexander the Great in Persia

The Hellenization of Asia

Pergamum: A Hellenistic City

The Economy of the Hellenistic World

Hellenistic Philosophers

Cynics Diogenes ignore social conventions &

avoid luxuries. citizens of the world. live a humble, simple life.

Epicurians Epicurus avoid pain & seek pleasure. all excess leads to pain! politics should be avoided.

Hellenistic Philosophers

Stoics Zeno nature is the expansion of

divine will. concept of natural law. get involved in politics, not

for personal gain, but toperform virtuous acts for the good of all.

true happiness is found ingreat achievements.

Hellenism: The Arts & Sciences

Scientists / Mathematicians: Aristarchus heliocentric theory. Euclid geometry Archimedes pulley

Hellenistic Art: More realistic; less ideal than

Hellenic art. Showed individual emotions,

wrinkles, and age!

The Breakup of Alexander’s Empire