The Geography of Agriculture agriculture : deliberate growing of crops or raising of animals Why...
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The Geography of The Geography of AgricultureAgriculture
agriculture: deliberate growing of crops or raising of animals
Why study agriculture? Much of Earth’s dedicated to farming Only 2% in U.S. engaged in farming Half of people in LDCs depend on farming Huge impact on the environment Our entire way of urban-industrial life based upon
commercial farming
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A. First Agricultural A. First Agricultural RevolutionRevolution1. Transition away from hunting & gathering2. Domestication of plants & animals3. Fertile Crescent (S.W. Asia) about 12,000 years
ago4. Wheat, barley, sheep & goats along Tigris &
Euphrates Rivers
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Domestication of plants & animals probably emerged as an extension of food gathering activities of hunting & gathering societies.
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RICECORN
POTATO WHEATMILLET
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B. Intensive vs. Extensive1. intensive agricultureintensive agriculture: uses large inputs of
labor & capital on smaller areas of land
- high yield per unit area of land- fertilizers- water management- activity of half the world’s population…- rice alone feeds 2.8 billion Asians every day
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2. extensive agricultureextensive agriculture: large areas of land & less labor input
- yield per unit area is low & populations are low
3. Systems of production:
- subsistence (for survival)- commercial (for sale)
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C. Types of Subsistence C. Types of Subsistence AgricultureAgriculture1.1. Shifting cultivationShifting cultivation (swidden
agriculture): a type of subsistence farming found in tropical rain forest areas
also called slash-and-burn or milpa cutting, burning (fertilizes & clears pests), then
planting 5% of world (Amazon, Congo, Indonesia)
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2.2. Nomadic PastoralismNomadic Pastoralism: : a form of extensive subsistence agriculture
animal herds are moved from one forage area to another in patterns of migration
mostly in arid grasslands milk, cheese, meat, wool, skins
Wodaabe of The Sahara Tibetan herdsmen Tunisian goat herder
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transhumancetranshumance: : a form of pastoral nomadism where stock is moved to the lowlands in the winter & highlands in the summer
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What type of agricultural activity is depicted in each of the slides?
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Fruit!Fruit!
Labor intensive or capital intensive?Intensive or extensive land use?Commercial or subsistence?Sedentary or nomadic?https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CvgRhp14TY0
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WheatWheat
Labor intensive or capital intensive?Intensive or extensive land use?
Commercial or subsistence?Sedentary or nomadic?
http://videos.howstuffworks.com/discovery/35514-howstuffworks-show-episode-7-midwestern-wheat-farmers-video.htm
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FishingFishing
Labor intensive or capital intensive?Intensive or extensive land use?
Commercial or subsistence?Sedentary or nomadic?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O66W62mmrr0
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JBDNmeREMdk
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Cattle Ranching
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GLETAdwgQn4