The Future of Energy - Global Insights - June 2017
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TheFutureofEnergyInsightsfromMul0pleExpertDiscussionsBangkok|23July2017 Theworld’sleadingopenforesightprogram
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LookingForwardsOrganisa0onsincreasinglywanttoiden0fyandunderstand
boththean0cipatedandunexpectedchangessothattheycanbebeHerpreparedforthefuture.
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FutureAgendaTheFutureAgendaistheworld’slargestopenforesightprogram
thataccessesmul0pleviewsofthenextdecadesothatwecanallbebeHerinformedands0mulateinnova0on.
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FutureAgendainNumbersThefirstFutureAgendaprogrammeengagedawiderangeofviewsin25countries.FutureAgenda2.0doubledtheface-to-faceinterac0on
andsignificantlyraisedonlinesharing,debateanddiscussion.
FutureAgenda1.01HOST16TOPICS25COUNTRIES50WORKSHOPS1500ORGANISATIONS
FutureAgenda2.050HOSTS24TOPICS35COUNTRIES120WORKSHOPS5000ORGANISATIONS
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TheWorldin2025Thisisasummaryofwhatweheardaboutthefutureenergyfrommul0plevoicesaroundtheworld–onhowitischanging,whatisdrivingthechange,wherewillbetheimpactsandhowtheymayevolveoverthenextdecade.
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TheFutureofEnergyIndiscussionsoneachcon0nent,weiden0fieddriversofchangefortheworld
ofenergyacrossfourbroadthemes–macroshi]s,technologychanges,poten0aldisrup0onsandchangesinbusiness.Allhavemajorpoten0alimpact.
TechnologyChange
MacroShi]s
ChangesinBusiness
Poten0alDisrup0ons
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ThisDocumentTheinsightsinthisdocumentaredesignedtobeusedasthecores0mulusforaworkshopthatexploresfuturepossibili0es,iden0fiestheareasofgreatestpoten0alchangeandthedetailsspecificimpactsandtheirimplica0ons.
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MacroShiPsDrivingEnergyDemand
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GrowingPopulaSonsBy2050wemayaddanother2bnpeopletotheplanet,mostinplacesleastabletoaccommodatethem.Whilesomeregionsfacedecliningbirthrates,mostmaintaincurrentlevelsandexperiencemajorpopula0ongrowth.
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LivingLongerTheglobalpopula0onaddsanother2billionpeoplebutitisrapidlyageing:achildbornnextyearwilllive6monthslongerthanoneborntoday.Whilemigra0onhelpstorebalance,increasingdependencyra0oschallengemany.
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WorkingLongerPeoplearehavingtoworkforlongertosupportlongerre0rements.
Flexibleworkingprac0cesandpoliciesareemerging,butsomeemployerscon0nuetoremainambivalentaboutolderworkers.
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RisingYouthUnemploymentWithunemploymentratesover50%insomena0ons,accesstoworkisarisingbarrier.EspeciallyacrossNorthAfrica,theMiddleEastandsouthernEurope,alostgenera0onof100myoungpeoplefailstogainfromglobalgrowth.
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EducaSonRevoluSonBroaderaccesstoimprovededuca0onactsasamajorcatalystfor
empowerment,sustainedeconomicgrowth,overcominginequalityandreducingconflict.Adigitaleduca0onsystemlevelstheglobalplayingfield.
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IncreasingUrbanisaSonBy2050over70%ofpeoplewillliveinacity.Thegrowthofmega-ci0esiscrea0nganewwaveofurbanisa0on.Suchmassurbanisa0onincreasingly
requiresarethinkabouthowweplan,designanduseci0es.
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AccesstoTransportThewidespreadneedforindividualstotravelshortdistancesbecomesakeyfeatureofurbandesignandregenera0on.Plannersusetransport
infrastructuretoinfluencesocialchangeandlowercarbonliving.
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KeyResourceConstraintsEconomic,physicalandpoli0calshortagesofkeyresourcesincreaseanddriveincreasingtensionbetweenandwithincountries.AsweexceedtheEarth’snaturalthresholds,foodandwaterreceiveasmuchfocusasoilandgas.
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TrueValueofWaterAswaterstressimpacts40%oftheworld,wehavetopaythetruevaluefor
thisresource.Inamorewater-consciousworld,thecostofwaterisrecognised,footprintsaremeasuredandcompaniesreduceconsump0on.
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PlanetaryNexusesMoreeco-friendlyopportuni0es,andtrade-offs,onenergysupplyanduseemergefromconsideringthenexusesofcoreresourcessuchas
food,water,energyandlandwithagrowingpopula0on.
Water
Food
Land
Energy
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IncreasingEnergyDemandAscountriesgroweconomicallysodoestheirenergyconsump0on.EnergydemandpercapitarisewithGDPun0lthepointwhereenoughisenough–butthatpoint
variessignificantlybyregionandlevelingoffearlyistheambi0onforall.
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FossilFuelsDominanceWithgasgrowingfasterthanoil,fossilfuelsremainthedominantsourceofenergypoweringtheglobaleconomy,providingaround60%ofthegrowthinenergyands0llaccoun0ngforalmost80%oftotalenergysupplyin2035.
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ShiPingPowerandInfluenceThecentreofgravityofeconomicpowercon0nuesshi]ingeastwards,backtowhereitwas2000yearsago.Recentsuperpowersseektomoderatethepace
ofchangebutthereali0esofpopula0onandresourceareimmoveable.
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China’sExtendingInfluenceChinaisopeningupandwantsthenaturalprivilegesaleadingeconomy
mightexpect:Abigsayoverglobalrulesoffinanceandtradeareincreasinglylinkedtotakingtheleadonkeyissuessuchasclimatechange.
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ChinaasAsia’sVoiceDespitegrowthofotherASEANna0ons,Chinaremainsthecleareconomicleaderintheregion–becomingmoreinfluen0alastheprimarysourceof
capitalandthevoiceofAsiaontheworldstage.
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DecliningGovernmentInfluenceNa0onalgovernments’abilitytoleadchangecomesundergreaterpressurefrombothaboveandbelow-mul0na0onalorganisa0onsincreasinglysettheruleswhileci0zenstrustandsupportlocalandnetworkbasedac0ons.
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DecliningEnergyIntensityAsmajorgrowthregionsinvestinlower-carbonsupplyop0onsandpriori0seenergyefficiency,weseeanassociateddeclineinenergyintensityintheeconomy–achievingreduc0onsofupto10%overthenextdecade.
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EnergyEfficiency–TheInvisibleFuelThecheapestandcleanestformofenergyistheenergywedon’tuse.
Adop0onofeffec0veenergyefficiencymeasuresandcarefulmanagementofenergydemandwillplayakeyroleincrea0ngaclean,lowcostenergyfuture.
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EnergySecurityFacedwithbothincreasingna0onalismandrisingtensionbetween
keyenergysuppliers,morehighenergyconsump0oncountriesseektoensure100%energysecurity-evenifitcomesataprice.
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SupportforParisWithafewexcep0ons,globalsupportforimplemen0ngtheParisCOPAgreementdrivesfasterandgreatermi0ga0on.Thethreatsofpoten0al3Cand4Cofglobalwarmings0rac0vitytoachieveacredible2Ctarget.
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AdaptaSontoClimateChangeWhilemi0ga0onofclimatechangeremainsattheforeforsomecountries,formoreadapta0ontotheimpactsof3Cand4Cofglobalwarmingstartto
takepriority.Resilienceplanningandregulatorychangeaccelerate.
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InfrastructureDeficitInfrastructureagainbecomesasourceofcompe00veadvantage.Emerging
economiesinvestinnewrailroadsandhighwaysformoreeffec0vemovementofpeopleandgoods,whiledevelopedna0onssufferfrompoorlegacy.
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MillennialMindsetsEstablishedbusinessesstruggletoadapttoanalterna0vesetofvalues
andaspira0ons.Adap0ngtoamoreflexible,transientworkforceforcesmanytoseektoreinventtheemployer/employeecontract.
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TechnologyChangingtheIndustry
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EverythingConnectedOver1trillionsensorsareconnectedtomul0plenetworks:everythingthatcanbenefitfromaconnec0onhasone.Wedeliver10,000xmoredata100xmoreeffec0velybutareconcernedaboutthesecurityoftheinforma0onthatflows.
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Industry4.0Smartfactoriesusecyber-physicalsystemsthatsharedataandcooperatewitheachotherwithexcep0onallevelsofproduc0vityandquality.By2030
manufacturersgofromideatoproductinafrac0onofthe0metoday.
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TheRiseofMachinesThegrowthintheintelligenceandcapabili0esofmachinespresentsbothathreatandanopportunity:GreaterAIandautoma0onfreeup0me,butalso
threatenjobs-bothlowskilledandmanagerial/administra0veroles.
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MachineLearningTakingControlWiththeriseofAIandautonomouscompu0ng,machinelearningis
increasinglyputincontrolofmanagingourenergysystems–quicklyrealizingefficiencysavingsofaround50%insomesectors.
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FallingCostofSolarTheconsistentdeclineinthecostofsolarPVmodulesover0mefollows
a20%reduc0onforeverydoublingofproduc0on.At2cperkWh,solartakesofftobecometheworld’sleadingenergysourcewithtwodecades.
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NuclearFusionBreakthroughThepromiseofintrinsicallysafe,cleanandlimitlessenergycomestrue.TheITERprogrammedeliversmaximumpoweraheadofits2035target,
spurringtheroll-outofNuclearFusionacrosspartnerna0ons.
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EnergyStorageStorage,andpar0cularlyelectricitystorage,isthemissingpieceintherenewablesjigsaw.Ifsolved,itcanenabletrulydistributedsolar
energyaswellasacceleratetheelectrifica0onofthetransportindustry.
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HighPerformanceBa]eriesMajorimprovementsinimprovementinenergydensityforlithium-ion
andlithium-airbaHeriesallopenthedoortolongerlas0ng,smallerbaHeries-andsoacceleratetheshi]torenewables.
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SuccessfulCCSA]eryearsofresearch,fullscalecarboncaptureandstoragesystemsfinallyprovetheirworthatunsubsidizedindustrialscale:InvestmentinCCSasaninterimsolu0onforthetransi0ontorenewablesincreasessignificantly.
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HVDCTransmissionAdvancesinhighvoltageDCtransmissioncreatethelower-cost/lower-losspowersuperhighway.Longdistancetransmissionchangessupplydynamicsandsupportsconcentratedsolarpowerandmassiveoff-shorewindfarms.
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SpaceBasedSolarSomeaccelerateinvestmentinthekeytechnologiesthatwillenablethe
deploymentofspacebasedsolarenergysystems.Newfundingmechanisms,energysharingpartnershipsandregionalalliancescometothefore.
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AutonomousVehiclesTheshi]tofullyautonomoustransportisanevolu0onviatruckplatoonsonhighwaysandsmallurbandeliverypods.Logis0csorganisa0onscreatethe
networkandtestthetechnologiesfortherevolu0onarydriverlessexperience.
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SmartGridsPervasivesmartmeters,smartappliancesanddynamicpricingdrivea
reengineeringoftheelectricitysupplysector.Mul0plefullyinter-connectedenergysystemsreducewaste,increasereliabilityandimproveresilience.
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RiseoftheMicro-ActorsWeseeablurringofenergyconsumersandproducers–to‘prosumers’whodoboth:Amovetomul0plemicro-actorsworkingindividuallyandcollec0vely
-supportedbynewtechnologicaldevelopments,includingstorage.
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DataOwnershipIndividualsrecognizethevalueoftheirdigitalshadows,privacyagentscurateclients’datasetswhilepersonaldatastoresgiveustransparentcontrolofourinforma0on:Weretainmoreownershipofourdataandopttoshareit.
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PotenSalDisrupSonstoConsider
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Instability,ConflictandEventRiskThereisanendtotheequilibriumwithincreasingregionalvola0lityand
instability.Power,migrantsandtrademovetothosestatesbestabletobuildadap0vecapacity,func0onalredundancyandresistprotec0onistpressures.
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FloodedCiSesThevastmajorityofourci0esarenotpreparedforflooding.Manydistrictsandhouseholdscannolongergetfloodinsuranceandareinjeopardy.Manyoftheworld’smajorpopula0oncentresfaceregularfloods.
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MoreSelfInsuranceAsmoreweirdweatherbecomesthenorm,insurancecompanieswithdrawcoverfromvulnerableloca0ons.Communi0esrespondbyself-insuringfor
majorriskandreplicatetheapproachestakenbymanyoilmajors.
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AirQualityAsmoreexperienceasthmaandotherbreathingdifficul0es,urbanairqualitybecomesavisibleissueandthemajorcatalystforchange
–intransportpolicy,inenergysupplyandincitydesign.
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LastMileGridConnecSvityPrivate/publiccollabora0onsgiveanother100mpeopleinIndiaaccesstoelectricityviaconnec0ontothegrid-but250mpeoplecon0nuetousewood,dieselandkerosenetocookandlighttheirhomes.
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UniversalBasicIncomeFollowingsuccessfultrails,theadop0onofuniversalbasicincomeisembracedbymanygrowingeconomies.Allci0zensreceivingaregularincomeenablesmanytoaccessthegrowthladderandisaprotec0onfromautoma0on.
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InfluenceofKeyCiSesCi0esaremoreimportantthancountriesandincreasinglyinfluen0al.O]encentresforinnova0on,theirreachstretchesfarbeyondtheconfinesofna0onalboundariesastheyposi0onthemselvesascentresofexcellence.
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SpliangoftheEUDrivenbythedecreasingglobalinfluenceoftheEuro,theEUsplitsintotwo.
ANorthernDeutschmarkzonepowersaheadleavingsouthernna0onsseekingindependentcollabora0onratherthanfallingbehind.
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GrowingCyberTerrorismTheenergysystembecomesanincreasinglypopulartargetforhackersandcyberterrorists.Pervasiveconnec0vityandweaksecurityprovide
increasinglyopenbackdoorsforsustaineddenialofservice.
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LeapfroggingtoLeadersSomeemergingeconomiesdomorethatcatchup.Aswithmobiletelecoms,theyadoptnewenergysystemsearly,leapfroggingtheWestwithsomerapidlybecomingleadersinlow-costservicestoagrowingmiddleclass.
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GreaterFemaleInfluenceAsmorewomenleadcompaniesandgovernments,thenatureofenergysupplyandthesectoritselfmaychange.Weseenewpriori0es,more
effec0veapproachesanddifferentareasoffocusallcomingtothefore.
Asia
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FutureRoleoftheUSAlthoughtheUSFederalGovernmentseekstodelayprogressontheswitchtorenewables,USstates,ci0esandcompaniescon0nueindependently.USenergyinnova0onseekstokeeppacewiththerestoftheworld.
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G20EnergySubsidiesDecadesofG20subsidyforalterna0veenergysystemscometoanend.
Greatercompe00onisdrivenbymoretransparentpricing,globalinvestmentandsocio-poli0caladvocacy.
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BanningofDieselLedbykeyci0essuchasParis,MexicoCityandAthens,themayorsoftheworldslargesturbandistrictsproac0velybandieselcarsfrom2025.Na0onalgovernmentsfollowsuitofferingsubsidiesforEValterna0ves.
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TheEndofIPIntellectualpropertyisincreasinglyseenasabarriertocollabora0on,andrapidtechnologychange.MorecompaniesshareIPordon’tfile
patentsinordertoaccelerateshi]sinkeysectors.
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Eco-CivilisaSonOverthepast40yearsChinahasgrownapace,mostlywithoutconcernfor
long-termenvironmentalimpacts.However,nowfacedwithmajorchallenges,sustainabledevelopmentisattheforeanddrivingglobalchange.
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Off-GridPeoplelivingoff-grid,byinequalityorchoice,canexacerbatesocietaldivisionorimproveprivacy,healthandwellbeing.Eitherway,doingsoprovidesfer0legroundforinnova0on.
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AcceleraSngDisplacementClimatechange,conflict,resourceshortages,inequalityandpoli0cal
elitesunabletochangealltriggerunprecedentedmigra0ontotheNorth.Overthenext50years,asmanyas1billionpeoplecouldbeonthemove.
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TheChangingBusinessEnvironment
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ShiPinTheInvestmentLandscapeAsrenewable/storagetechnologiesbecomecostcompe00veweseeasustainedshi]ininvestmentsen0menttowardscleanerenergysolu0ons.Developingcountries’investmentscon0nuetosurpassthoseoftheWest.
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EnergyPriceVolaSlityMorevola0lityofenergypricesproducesgreatercost,increasedproject0meframes
andwiderskillsgaps.Thismakesa‘guessinggame’oflong-termeconomicsforenergyproviderswhich,inturn,makesitdifficultforuserstodevelopreliableplans.
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ChangingEnergyRiskProfileTheimpactofnaturaldisasters,wideracceptanceoftheneedtoavoida
warmerworldandincreasedriskofcyber-crimetoourinfrastructureallleadtoadeeperunderstandingoftheriskprofileofdifferentenergysolu0ons.
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HydroRevivalInresponsetorisingCO2andpollu0onaswellasassociatedhealth
concerns,Chinawillcon0nuetoinfluencethefundingandwillingnesstobuildlarge-scalehydrosolu0ons,especiallyinthedevelopingworld.
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NuclearGrowthMoreseenuclearenergyasasignificantpieceofthecorefutureenergymix
–drivenbyslowerthanneededtransi0onawayfromfossilfuels.Butmanyareunpreparedwithregardtoskills,policyandpublicdebate.
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DistributedEnergySupplyKeydevelopingeconomiesinvestheavilyinlower-carbon,distributed
energywithintegratedstoragetodelivermorereliableandaffordablepower.ThisissupportedbybeHermarketpricingandsmartersubsidies.
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IncreasingValueofDataAsorganisa0onstrytoretainasmuchinforma0onabouttheircustomersaspossible,databecomesacurrencywithavalueandaprice.Ittherefore
requiresamarketplacewhereanythingthatisinforma0onisrepresented.
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MulSnaSonalIndiansTheglobalinfluenceofIndiancompaniesgrowsasinnova0ve,low-cost,mass
scalesolu0onsgaintrac0on.FromastrongITbase,mul0na0onalIndiancompanieshaveimpactacrosshealthcare,energy,transportandmedia.
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BigBusinessDefinestheFutureLargemul0na0onalenergyconsumersdefinethefutureenergymix.100%renewableenergybecomesthenormforkeysectorsandspursdevelopmentaheadofgovernmentandenergysuppliers’expecta0ons
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CircularEconomyGrowthThereiswidespreadapplica0onofprocessesfocusedonkeepingresourcesinuseforaslongaspossible-extrac0ngthemaximumvaluefromthemwhileinuse,thenrecoveringandreusingmaterialsattheendofeachservicelife.
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FullCostIncreasingtransparencyofsociety’srelianceonnature,intensify
requirementsforbusinesstopaythetruecostoftheresourcesprovidedby‘naturalcapital’andsocompensatefortheirnega0veimpactonsociety.
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CompanieswithPurposeAstrustin‘business’declines,structuresandprac0cesoflargecorpora0onsareunderscru0ny.Businessescomeundergreaterpressuretoimprove
socialandenvironmentalperformance-achievingbothpurposeandprofit.
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HumanTouchAsserviceprovisionandconsump0onbecomesevermoredigital,
automatedandalgorithmic,thosebrandsthatcanoffermoreemo0onalengagementandhuman-to-humancontactbecomeincreasinglyaHrac0ve.
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OrganisaSon3.0NewformsofflaHer,project-based,collabora0ve,virtual,informal
organisa0onsdominate-enabledbytechnologyandamobileworkforce.Assuchthenatureofworkandtheroleoftheorganisa0onblurs.
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TheTalentChallengeAstheglobalworkforcebecomesmoremobile,organisa0ons
struggletoaHractandretaintoptalent.Governmentsseektoprovideci0zenswiththerelevanteduca0onthatwillalloweconomiestothrive.
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DigitalMoneyCashcon0nuestobegraduallyreplacedbydigitalmoney,providing
consumerswithmoreconvenienceandchoice–andorganisa0onswithlowercosttransac0ons.Wideradop0onenablesnewofferstoproliferate.
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DynamicPricingThealgorithmsofAmazonandUbercrossovertoaffectmorebusinesses,
fromenergyusetoparking.Real-0metransparencyallowsbeHerpurchasingatthesame0measmarginsandyieldsareautoma0callyenhanced.
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StandardsDrivingTradeMostinterna0onalregula0onisprogressivelyaimedatfreeinguptradeand
makingitsimplerandlessbureaucra0c–butthereareanumberofagreementsandstandardsthatsomeareseeingasincreasinglyconstraining.
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OpSmisingLastMileDeliverySeamless,integratedandsharedlast-miledeliveryreplacesinefficientcompe00onandduplica0onofgoodsdistribu0on.Greaterefficiencyin
movingthingsisasimportantasmovingpeopleandafocusforinnova0on.
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AcceleraSngEVShareofMarketLeadingOEMsseethat,by2030,around3in10newvehiclesbeingsoldgloballyareEVs.Thisviewhaschangedfrom1in10twelvemonthsago.ThemostprobableleadmarketsareseentobeUS,ChinaandEurope.
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AccessNotOwnershipThegrowthofleasing,carsharing,poolingandon-demandtravelisdrivenbyinnova0vebusinessmodels,disrup0vestart-upsandmoreflexiblemobilitysolu0ons.Vehicleownershipdeclinessignificantly,especiallyinurbanareas.
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PeakCar(inUSandEU)ThedistancetravelledbycarandthenumberofvehiclesontheroadsintheEUandtheUShaspasseditsmaximum.Althoughthetotalnumberofvehiclesintheworlddoublesfrom2010to2030,thegrowthisallinotherregions.
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SecondGeneraSonBiofuelsWiththefoodvs.fuelchallengeof1stgenbiofuelsevident,theshi]to2ndgenaccelerates.The10%transportmixmandatespreadsgloballyascellulosicbioethanolandadvancedbiodieselsbecomecompe00vearound2020.
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SpeedtoScaleGreaterglobalconnec0vity,growingconsumerwealthandbroaderreachallcombinetoacceleratethe0meto1bncustomersanda$10bnvalua0onforstart-upsandnewcorporateventuresalike.
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TheRealSharingEconomyIncreasingcollabora0ondrivesorganisa0onstoreconfigurebasedonsocialnetworksandimpact.Realsharingenterprises,notdrivenbyprofits,seek
toshareresources,knowledge,anddecision-makingresponsibili0es.
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DeeperCollaboraSonPartnershipsshi]tobecomemoredynamic,long-term,democra0sed,
mul0-partycollabora0ons.Compe0toralliancesandpublicpar0cipa0ondriveregulatorstocreatenewlegalframeworksforopen,empathe0ccollabora0on.
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USINGTHISMATERIALTheseareinformedviewsfromaroundtheworld.Somewillhavegreaterpoten0alimpactthanothers.Thechallengeistoworkouthow,whereand
withwhatimplica0onstoyourstrategyandunderlyingassump0ons
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