The Future of AI:Gödel’s Either/Or (not Kierkegaard’s);

What about consciousness? (Westworld);Machine Learning!

Selmer Bringsjord

Are Humans Rational?10/7/19

Selmer.Bringsjord@gmail.com

2

How to assign letter grades? — rationally

Gödel’s Either/Or …

The Question

Q* Is the human mind more powerful than the class of standard computing machines?

Gödel’s Either/Or“[E]ither … the human mind (even within the realm of pure mathematics) infinitely surpasses the power of any finite machine, or else there exist absolutely unsolvable diophantine problems.”— Gödel, 1951

Background

The Crux

9P s.t. no human mind could ever decide 8x18x2 · · · 8xk9y19y2 · · · 9xj(P(x1, x2, . . . , xk, y1, y2, . . . , yj)?<latexit sha1_base64="XLnLG1g2Y436gEJ/lYAgcEqwjBE=">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</latexit>

The Crux

9P s.t. no human mind could ever decide 8x18x2 · · · 8xk9y19y2 · · · 9xj(P(x1, x2, . . . , xk, y1, y2, . . . , yj)?<latexit sha1_base64="XLnLG1g2Y436gEJ/lYAgcEqwjBE=">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</latexit>

Yes.

The Crux

9P s.t. no human mind could ever decide 8x18x2 · · · 8xk9y19y2 · · · 9xj(P(x1, x2, . . . , xk, y1, y2, . . . , yj)?<latexit sha1_base64="XLnLG1g2Y436gEJ/lYAgcEqwjBE=">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</latexit>

Yes.

The Crux

9P s.t. no human mind could ever decide 8x18x2 · · · 8xk9y19y2 · · · 9xj(P(x1, x2, . . . , xk, y1, y2, . . . , yj)?<latexit sha1_base64="XLnLG1g2Y436gEJ/lYAgcEqwjBE=">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</latexit>

Yes.

The human mind is not infinitely more powerful than any standard computing machine.

The Crux

9P s.t. no human mind could ever decide 8x18x2 · · · 8xk9y19y2 · · · 9xj(P(x1, x2, . . . , xk, y1, y2, . . . , yj)?<latexit sha1_base64="XLnLG1g2Y436gEJ/lYAgcEqwjBE=">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</latexit>

Yes. No.

The human mind is not infinitely more powerful than any standard computing machine.

The Crux

9P s.t. no human mind could ever decide 8x18x2 · · · 8xk9y19y2 · · · 9xj(P(x1, x2, . . . , xk, y1, y2, . . . , yj)?<latexit sha1_base64="XLnLG1g2Y436gEJ/lYAgcEqwjBE=">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</latexit>

Yes. No.

The human mind is not infinitely more powerful than any standard computing machine.

The Crux

9P s.t. no human mind could ever decide 8x18x2 · · · 8xk9y19y2 · · · 9xj(P(x1, x2, . . . , xk, y1, y2, . . . , yj)?<latexit sha1_base64="XLnLG1g2Y436gEJ/lYAgcEqwjBE=">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</latexit>

Yes. No.

The human mind is infinitely more powerful than any standard computing machine.

The human mind is not infinitely more powerful than any standard computing machine.

AI & Consciousness …

First-rate sci fi?Bona fide art?

Profound Art

Mimetic Art

“Art of” Art

Dabbling

NEaF Artifacts

Profound ArtMimetic Art “Art of” ArtDabbling NEaF Artifacts

Profound ArtMimetic Art “Art of” ArtDabbling NEaF Artifacts

Profound ArtMimetic Art “Art of” ArtDabbling NEaF Artifacts

Profound ArtMimetic Art “Art of” ArtDabbling NEaF Artifacts

Profound ArtMimetic Art “Art of” ArtDabbling NEaF Artifacts

Profound ArtMimetic Art “Art of” ArtDabbling NEaF Artifacts

Profound ArtMimetic Art “Art of” ArtDabbling NEaF Artifacts

Profound ArtMimetic Art “Art of” ArtDabbling NEaF Artifacts

Profound ArtMimetic Art “Art of” ArtDabbling NEaF Artifacts

Profound ArtMimetic Art “Art of” ArtDabbling NEaF Artifacts

Profound ArtMimetic Art “Art of” ArtDabbling NEaF Artifacts

Profound ArtMimetic Art “Art of” ArtDabbling NEaF Artifacts

These violent delights have violent ends And in their triumph die, like fire and powder, Which as they kiss consume: the sweetest honey Is loathsome in his own deliciousness And in the taste confounds the appetite: Therefore love moderately; long love doth so; Too swift arrives as tardy as too slow

Profound ArtMimetic Art “Art of” ArtDabbling NEaF Artifacts

These violent delights have violent ends And in their triumph die, like fire and powder, Which as they kiss consume: the sweetest honey Is loathsome in his own deliciousness And in the taste confounds the appetite: Therefore love moderately; long love doth so; Too swift arrives as tardy as too slow

Westworld’s Improv

S = �1[C,A,G,M] �2[C,A,G,M] · · · �n[C,A,G,M]

Westworld’s Improv

S = �1[C,A,G,M] �2[C,A,G,M] · · · �n[C,A,G,M]

Westworld’s Improv

S = �1[C,A,G,M] �2[C,A,G,M] · · · �n[C,A,G,M]

Visitor-22 believes that Dolores is devoted to her father.

Westworld’s Improv

S = �1[C,A,G,M] �2[C,A,G,M] · · · �n[C,A,G,M]

Visitor-22 believes that Dolores is devoted to her father.

E(S)

Westworld’s Improv

S = �1[C,A,G,M] �2[C,A,G,M] · · · �n[C,A,G,M]

Visitor-22 believes that Dolores is devoted to her father.

E(S) √

Westworld’s Improv

S = �1[C,A,G,M] �2[C,A,G,M] · · · �n[C,A,G,M]

Visitor-22 believes that Dolores is devoted to her father.

�k + c 2 C desires, plans, acts ) consequences ) �0k+1

E(S) √

Westworld’s Improv

S = �1[C,A,G,M] �2[C,A,G,M] · · · �n[C,A,G,M]

Visitor-22 believes that Dolores is devoted to her father.

�k + c 2 C desires, plans, acts ) consequences ) �0k+1

E(S) √

S0 = �01[C,A,G,M] �0

2[C,A,G,M] · · · �0n[C,A,G,M]

Westworld’s Improv

S = �1[C,A,G,M] �2[C,A,G,M] · · · �n[C,A,G,M]

Visitor-22 believes that Dolores is devoted to her father.

�k + c 2 C desires, plans, acts ) consequences ) �0k+1

E(S) √

S0 = �01[C,A,G,M] �0

2[C,A,G,M] · · · �0n[C,A,G,M]

` E(S0)?

Westworld’s Improv

S = �1[C,A,G,M] �2[C,A,G,M] · · · �n[C,A,G,M]

Visitor-22 believes that Dolores is devoted to her father.

�k + c 2 C desires, plans, acts ) consequences ) �0k+1

E(S) √

S0 = �01[C,A,G,M] �0

2[C,A,G,M] · · · �0n[C,A,G,M]

` E(S0)?

Harder than the Entscheidungsproblem!

“Computer, is this a theorem??”i.e., the Entscheidungsproblem

input output

“Computer, is this a theorem??”i.e., the Entscheidungsproblem

input output

` E(S0)

“Computer, is this a theorem??”i.e., the Entscheidungsproblem

input output

` E(S0)

“Computer, is this a theorem??”i.e., the Entscheidungsproblem

input output

` E(S0)

“Computer, is this a theorem??”i.e., the Entscheidungsproblem

input output

` E(S0)

What about consciousness …

What about consciousness …

What about consciousness …

search WWW using: consciousness AI jaynes westworld

Machine Learning …

Career Advice

Career Advice

Master the current math for ML, & ponder the beyond (it).

tn tn+1 tn+2

Learning by AD&IR

tn+3 tn+4 …

AxT AxT

Perception

Advanced Logicist (Real) Machine Learning

Knowledge (jtb+; j is a hypergraph G composing arguments and proofs)

tn tn+1 tn+2

Learning by AD&IR

tn+3 tn+4 …

AxT AxT

Perception

Advanced Logicist (Real) Machine Learning

Knowledge (jtb+; j is a hypergraph G composing arguments and proofs)

Do Machine-Learning Machines Learn? No.

Do Machine-Learning Machines Learn? No.

What is Real Learning (RL)?

What is Real Learning (RL)?

The Four-Step Road to Real Learning

The Four-Step Road to Real Learning

• Step 1: Observe the acute discontinuity of human vs. nonhuman cognition. (Only humans understand and employ e.g. abstract reasoning schemas unaffected by the physical; layered quantification; recursion; and infinite structures/infinitary reasoning.)

The Four-Step Road to Real Learning

• Step 1: Observe the acute discontinuity of human vs. nonhuman cognition. (Only humans understand and employ e.g. abstract reasoning schemas unaffected by the physical; layered quantification; recursion; and infinite structures/infinitary reasoning.)

• Step 2: Exclude forms of “learning” made possible via exclusive use of reasoning and communication capacities in nonhuman animals (i.e. exclude forms of “learning” that don’t eventuate in bona fide knowledge).

The Four-Step Road to Real Learning

• Step 1: Observe the acute discontinuity of human vs. nonhuman cognition. (Only humans understand and employ e.g. abstract reasoning schemas unaffected by the physical; layered quantification; recursion; and infinite structures/infinitary reasoning.)

• Step 2: Exclude forms of “learning” made possible via exclusive use of reasoning and communication capacities in nonhuman animals (i.e. exclude forms of “learning” that don’t eventuate in bona fide knowledge).

• Step 3: Within the focus arising from Step 2, further narrow the focus to HLAB reasoning and communication sufficiently powerful to perceive, and be successfully applied to, both (i) cohesive bodies of declarative content, and (ii) sophisticated natural-language content. Dub this RC.

The Four-Step Road to Real Learning

• Step 1: Observe the acute discontinuity of human vs. nonhuman cognition. (Only humans understand and employ e.g. abstract reasoning schemas unaffected by the physical; layered quantification; recursion; and infinite structures/infinitary reasoning.)

• Step 2: Exclude forms of “learning” made possible via exclusive use of reasoning and communication capacities in nonhuman animals (i.e. exclude forms of “learning” that don’t eventuate in bona fide knowledge).

• Step 3: Within the focus arising from Step 2, further narrow the focus to HLAB reasoning and communication sufficiently powerful to perceive, and be successfully applied to, both (i) cohesive bodies of declarative content, and (ii) sophisticated natural-language content. Dub this RC.

• Step 4: Real Learning (RL ) is the acquisition of genuine knowledge via RC.

But how is this mechanizable? How about a new form of machine learning? (by reasoning)

Learning Ex Nihilo(or Learning Ex Minima)

Sherlock Explains How HeLearned Ex Nihilo Quite a Bit About Watson

Sherlock Explains How HeLearned Ex Nihilo Quite a Bit About Watson

Holmes Now Knows Watson Now Believes He (Watson) Isn’t Dealing With an Amateur

Implemented in ShadowProver

Implemented in ShadowProver