Managing Editor : Soe Yu WaiConsultant (Chinese) : Stephen LeeExecutive Editor : Ko HtikeSenior Editor : Aung Pho (Mg Phone-Law)Editor : Thein Yu WaiResearch & Development Editor : Tin Maung AyeEnglish Editor : Tun Tun OoEnglish Proof : Tin Arkar MaungChinese Editor : Sai WinChinese Translation : Thein AungR & D Group : Tin Zarni Maung Naw Phu Ngone Ko KoMarketing Group : Su Myat MonDistribution Group : Aung Thu, Soe Moe Thu Finance Group : Nan Thuzar (Manager)Reception : Moe SandarPublisher : U Tin Maung AyeGraphic Design : Pwint PhyuColor Separation : FujiyamaPrinter : FujiyamaCover Permission No. : 5401350512 Circulation : 1000Price : 1500

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Build A-3-1, Room (1203) MyanmaGonyi Housing, Upper Pansodan St,Mingalar Taung Nyunt TownshipPost Code 11221, Yangon, Myanmar.Phone : + 95- 1 -393-102 + 95-95-200-200 + 95-95-158-838Fax : + 95- 1 -392099Email : soeyuwai@gmail.com

Yangon Office

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(1991-1994)

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5

Life & Future

6

jrefrmEdkifiH tpdk;&[m (Foreign Investment Law-FIL) udk 1988 rSm

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jrefrmtpdk;&[m 1988 ckESpfrSm (Union of Myanmar Foreign Investment Law-FIL udk pwifxkwfjyefcJhwJhtjyif State-owned Economic Enterprise Law (1989)? Foreign Investment Law Notification (1989) ? Private Industrial Enterprise Law (1990) ? Promotion of Cottage Industries Law (1991)?

jrefrmEdkifiHtwGif; jynfywdkuf½dkuf &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrI

(Foreign Direct Investment - FDI) yrmPjypm&if; (1988 -2012)

pOf EkdifiH pkpkaygif;ukrÜPD yrmP (tar&duefa':vm oef;)

1 w½kwf 33 13947.146

2 xdkif; 61 9568.093

3 a[mifaumif 38 6308.495

4 udk&D;,m; 49 2941.289

5 t*Fvef 51 2660.588

6 pifumyl 72 1804.013

7 rav;&Sm; 39 977.461

8 jyifopf 2 469.00

9 tar&duef 15 243.565

10 tif'dkeD;&Sm; 12 241.497

Special Article

7

The Cooperative Societies Law (1992)? Myanmar Citizens Investment Law-MCIL (1994) ? The Science and Technology Development Law (1994)

pwJh Oya'awGudkvnf; xkwfjyef jy|mef;cJh

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jr§KyfESHjcif;r&Sdwmudk awGU&ygw,f/

jrefrmEdkifiHom;rsm; &if;ESD;jr§KyfEHSrI

(Myanmar Citizens Investment Law - MCIL) yrmPjypm&if;

pOf ckESpf vkyfief;ta&twGuf yrmP (usyfoef;)

1 2007 679 141381.34

2 2008 693 157796.76

3 2009 702 169544.10

4 2010 765 1050625.34

5 2011 813 1434346.27

6 2012 832 1691971.53

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2015 \ tem*wfpdefac:oHrsm;armifarmifjrihfoef;

8

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ajcmufxkyfrsm;eJY w½kwfEkdifiHvkyf rkefYrsKd;pHkudk

wifoGif;ygw,f/ jrefrmEkdifiHu pnf;rsOf;rsm;

odyfr&SdbJ tvG,fwul vufcHayr,fh jrefrmEdkifiH

u qefacgufqGJzwfudk w½kwfudk wifoGif;&mrSm

olwdkY owfrSwfxm;wJh usef;rma&;ppfaq;csuf

t&aomfvnf;aumif;? t&nftaoG;t&aomf

vnf;aumif; rjynfhrDvdkY vufrcHygbl;qkdwJh

wHkYjyefrIrsKd;&ygw,f/ wpfu,fwrf; jyefwGuf

Munhf&if olwdkYwifoGif;vmwJh acgufqGJxkyf

t&nftaoG;u jrefrmjynfu wifoGif;wJh

qefacgufqGJzwfxufawmif t&nftaoG;

nhHEdkifygao;w,f/ 'gayr,fh jrefrmjynfrSm

w½kwfvdk usef;rma&;qkdif&m pnf;rsOf;awG

csrSwfrxm;wJhtwGuf olwdkY vGwfvyfpGm

ukefoG,fEkdifygw,f/ 'Dawmh jrefrmjynfbuf

uvnf; igwdkYEdkifiHudk wifoGif;&ifvJ b,fvdk

t&nftcsif;rsKd;awmh &Sd&r,fqkdNyD; owfrSwfcsuf

&Sdoifhygw,f/ tJ'Dvdk owfrSwfxm;cJhwmawGudk

twm;tqD;awGvdkY ta&;qkdvmr,fqdk&if

vnf; wjcm;EdkifiHawGeJY ,SOfNyD; csdefqMunfhzdkY

vdkygr,f/ wpfu,fyJ twm;tqD;jzpfaewm

vm;/ tcGifhta&;t& ajymaeMuwmvm;qkdwm

Munfh&ygr,f/

aemuf Oyrmwpfcku udk,fhEkdifiHwGif;

tcsKyftjcm tmPmt& ajymif;vJrIaBumifh

tdrfeD;csif;EdkifiHrsm;udk wkduf½dkufjzpfap? oG,f0dkuf

íjzpfap xdcdkufepfemwmrsKd;&Sdygw,f/ teD;qHk;

tjzpftysufuawmh w½kwfEdkifiHu jrefrmEdkifiHrS

wifoGif;vmwJh ausmufpdrf;awGtay: tcGef

wkd;aumufcJhvdkY jrefrmEdkifiH&JU ausmufpdrf;a&mif;cs

&wJh wefzdk;wpf0ufcefY avsmhuscJh&ygw,f/

tvm;wl jrefrmEdkifiHbufu e,fpyf*dwfwcsKdU

ydwfcJhwkef;uvnf; ukefoG,frI aiGyrmP

oef;aygif;rsm;pGmcsDNyD; avsmhuscJhwmawGvnf;

&Sdygw,f/

rdrdEdkifiHu pnf;rsOf;awGeJY wjcm;EkdifiHu

pnf;rsOf;awGudk EIdif;,SOfpOf;pm;zdkY vdktyfygw,f/

jrefrmEkdifiHtaeeJY 2015 ckESpf pD;yGm;a&;

todkuft0ef; (ASEAN Community) AFTA tmqD,HvGwfvyfaom ukefoG,fa&;Zkef

wnfaxmifNyD;wJh aemufrSm jrefrmEkdifiHxJudk

&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIawG ? ukefoG,frIawG? 0efaqmifrI

vkyfief;awG trsm;tjym; 0ifa&mufvmzG,f&m

&Sdygw,f/

'Dawmh jrefrmEkdifiHtaeeJY Oya'taMumif;

t&a&m jynfolawGbufua&m todynm?

enf;ynm taxmuftxm;awGeJY BudKwif

jyifqifxm;zdkY vdktyfygw,fvdkY wifjyvkduf

ygw,f/ n

Point of View

9

jrefrmEkdifiH&JU EkdifiHjcm; &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrI

Oya't& t"du &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHzdkY u@ (7)&yfudk

OD;pGm azmfjyvdkygw,f/

(1) ydkYukefjr§ihfwifwkd;csJUonfh vkyfief;? (2)

&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIrsm;pGm vdktyfwJh obm0t&if;

tjrpf xkwfvkyfonfh vkyfief;? (3)enf;ynm

vTJajymif; &,l&ef vkdtyfonfhvkyfief;? (4)

rwnfaiG&if;rsm;pGmvdktyfonfh xkwfvkyfrIESifh

0efaqmifrIvkyfief;rsm;udk taxmuftyHay;

onfhvkyfief;? (5) tvkyftudkif? tcGifhtvrf;rsm;

zefwD;onfhvkyfief;? (6) pGrf;tiftukeftus

enf;aprnfhvkyfief;? (7) aus;vufa'o

zGUH NzdK;a&;vkyfief;wdkY jzpfygw,f/ EdkifiHjcm; &if;ESD;

jr§KyfESHrIjyKzdkY jrefrmEdkifiH[m (1) ukefusp&dwf

oufomonfh tvkyform;rsm;pGm&SdrI? (2)

v,f,mpdkufysKd;a&;xkwfukef? opfawmxkwfukefeJY

a&xGufypönf;o,HZmw? tzdk;wefowåK t&if;

tjrpfrsm; <u,f0rI? (3) wnfae&mtaetxm;t&

ta&;yg tusKd;&Sdaponfh tcsufrsm;tjzpf?

vlOD;a& oef; 500 ausmf&Sdonfh tmqD,HEdkifiH

rsm;wGif yg0ifaerItjyif vlOD;a& 1.3 bDvsHeJY

1.2 bDvsH toD;oD;&SdwJh w½kwfEdkifiHeJY tdEd´,

EdkifiHaps;uGufBuD;awGeJY wpfqufwnf; wnf&Sd

aerI? (4) vlOD;a& oef; 60 eD;yg;&SdwJh

jynfwGif;aps;uGufudk ydkifqkdifxm;rIqkdwJh t"du

tm;omcsufawGudkvnf; ydkifqdkifxm;ygao;

w,f/

'gaMumifhrdkY v,f,mpdkufysKd;a&;eJY a&xGuf

ypönf; o,HZmwawG ydkifqkdifxm;wJh jrefrm

EkdifiHrSm ukefusp&dwfoufomwJh tvkyform;

awGudk toHk;jyKNyD; ukefypönf; xkwfvkyfrIvkyfief;

(Manufacturing Industries) awGudk

ESpfwkd ESpfvwf umvtwGif;rSm xkwfvkyfwifydkY

jcif;jzifh EdkifiHjcm;aiG&&dSEdkifNyD; tdrfeD;csif;EdkifiHrsm;

xuf EIdif;,SOftusKd;&SdEdkifr,f (Comparative

ukefypönf;xkwfvkyfrIvkyfief;rsm;wGif jrefrmEkdifiH\ EIdif;,SOftusdK;&SdrI tajctae

jrjr0if;

advantage) &SdEkdifr,fvdkY pD;yGm;a&;avhvmol

awGu axmufjyxm;wmyg/

'Dvkd tusKd;&SdEdkifaprJh vkyfief;awGuawmh

(1) csKyfvkyfNyD;t0wftxnfvkyfief; (Garment Industry)? (2) opfxyfqifhxkwfvkyfjcif;vkyfief;

(Wood Processing Industry)? (3) tpm;

tpm xyfqifhxkwfvkyfjcif;vkyfief; (Food Processing Industry)? (4) tDvufxa&mepf

tpdwftydkif;rsm; pkpnf;xkwfvkyfjcif;vkyfief;

(Electronic Part Assembly) wkdYudk

OD;pm;ay; vkyfudkifzdkY tBuHjyKxm;ygw,f/

'gayrJh jrefrmEdkifiH&JU ukefypönf;xkwfvkyf

rIvkyfief;awG[m cktcsdeftxd EdkifiHjcm;&if;ESD;

jr§KyfESHrI&JU 19 &mcdkifEIe;favmufrSmom &Sdaeygao;

w,f/ tdrfeD;csif;EdkifiHawGjzpfwJh Oyrm AD,uferf

EdkifiHrSm 40 &mcdkifEIef;ausmfeJY w½kwfEdkifiHrSm

70 &mcdkifEIef;ausmf&Sdw,fvdkY qdkygw,f/

csKyfvkyfNyD; t0wftxnf vkyfief;

(Garment Industry) udk jrefrmEkdifiHrSm

udk&D;,m;? a[mifaumif? xkdif0rf ukrÜPDawG[m

Cut, make, Pack (CMP) pepfeJY vma&muf

vkyfudkifaeMuwmyg/ CMP pepfeJY vkyfudkif

wJhtwGuf ydkYukef oGif;ukef vkdifpifxkwfay;rI?

ydkYukefcGefuif;vGwfcGifheJY Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Application pwJh tusKd;

cHpm;cGifhrsm;&&SdaeMuygw,f/ 'Dhtjyif csKyfvkyfNyD;

t0wftxnfudk *syefaps;uGufodkY wifydkYjcif;jzifh

oGif;ukefcGef 6 &mcdkifEIef; avsmhenf;cGifhwdkYudk

&&Sdxm;ygw,f/ 'DcsKyfvkyfNyD; t0wftxnfu@

[m w½kwfEkdifiHeJY AD,uferfEdkifiHwkdYu ,SOfNydKifrI

10

Focus

rsm;pGm &Sdaeayr,fh jrefrmEdkifiH[m vkyfom;

tiftm;eJY tvkyform;p&dwftm;omrI &SdaewJh

twGuf ,SOfNydKifEdkifrI tvm;tvmaumif;rsm;pGm

&Sdygw,f/

tcktcsdefrSm tar&duefEdkifiHeJY taemuf

EkdifiHrsm;u Economic Sanction rsm;udk

vnf; pwif½kyfodrf;aeNyDjzpfvdkY 'D Garment Industry [m ,ckxufzGHU NzdK;vmzdkY tvm;

tvmawGudk jrifae&NyDjzpfygw,f/

opfxyfqifhxkwfvkyfjcif;vkyfief; (Wood Processing Industry) [m jrefrmydkYukef

pkpkaygif;&JU 10 &mcdkifEIef;&SdNyD; tJ'DydkYukefawG&JU

70 &mcdkifEIef;[m opfvHk;eJY tjcm;opftajccH

ydkYukefrsm;jzpfw,f/ jrefrmEdkifiH[m urÇmrSm

uRef;opfwifydkYEkdifwJh OD;aqmifEkdifiHjzpfNyD;? urÇm

uRef;opfaps;uGuf&JU 75 &mcdkifEIef;udk wifydkY

w,f/ 'Dhtjyif jrefrmEddkifiH[m uRef;opfeYJjyKvkyfwJh

y&dabm*rsm;? Murf;cif;wkH;rsm;udk wpfurÇmvHk;odkY

wifydkYvQuf&SdNyD; tMurf;zsOf; tJ'DopfydkYukef&JU

80 &mckdifEIef;udk tm&SEkdifiHrsm;jzpfwJh xkdif;?

pifumyl? a[mifaumif ? tdE´d,? *syef wkdYudk

wifydkYygw,f/ EkdifiHydkif tzGJUtpnf;rsm;u

xkwfvkyfwJh opfeJY opftajcjyKxkwfukefudk

tmqD,HtzGJU0ifEdkifiHrsm;jzpfwJh xkdif;? rav;&Sm;

EdkifiHrsm;odkY wifydkYNyD;? tJ'DEdkifiHrsm;u pkpnf;í

*syefeJY tjcm;EkdifiHrsm;odkY wifydkYvQuf&Sdygw,f/

'D Wood Processing Industry [m

a&&SnfrSm ydkYukefwkd;csJU&eftwGuf tuefYtowf

rsm;&SdEkdifNyD; opfawmt&if;tjrpf(Wood

Resources) udk tusKd;&SdpGm xdef;;odrf;a&;?

ywf0ef;usifxdef;odrf;a&;udk OD;pm;ay;&efESifh

a&&SnfwGif wefzdk;jznfhxkwfukefrsm; Paper Pulp Industry rsm; xkwfvkyfwifydkY&ef

pOf;pm;oifhaBumif; tBuHjyKxm;wmudk od&yg

w,f/

tpm;tpmBudwfcGJxkwfvkyfjcif;vkyfief;

(Food Processing Industry) wGif t"du

BudwfcGJxkwfvkyfrI vkyfief;rsm;jzpfonfh qef

BudwfcGJoefYpifjcif; (Rice Cleaning)? qDoefYpif

jcif; (Oil Cleaning)? oMum;ESifh tjcm;

BudwfcGJjcif;vkyfief; (Sugar Manufacture & Milling)? bD,mESifh tat;azsmf&nfvkyfief;?

acgufqGJajcmufxkwfvkyfjcif;ponfh tpm;tpm

xkwfvkyfjcif;wkdY yg0ifwJhtwGuf Manufacture Industry wGif 80-90 &mcdkifEIef;txd &mcdkif

EIef; trsm;qHk;yg0ifygw,f/ oefYpifNyD; qefESifh forzen shrimps udkom jynfyodkYa&mif;csNyD;

usefxkwfukefrsm;udk jynfwGif;üom a&mif;csae

ygw,f/ jrefrmEkdifiHrSm a&xGufypönf;rsm;

BudwfcGJxkwfvkyfjcif;? tat;azsmf&nfvkyfief;?

pnfoGyfbl;vkyfief;rsm;udk xkdif;? rav;&Sm;ESifh

pifumylEkdifiHwkdYwGif aexkdifonfh w½kwfukefonf

rsm; vma&mufvkyfudkifvQuf &Sdaomfvnf;

jrefrmEkdifiHtwGif; wdkuf½dkuf ukefMurf;ypönf;

0,f,l&ef tcuftcJ? vQyfppf"mwftm; rvHk

avmufrI? pnfoGyfbl;vkyfief;twGuf jynfyrS

wifoGif;&ef tm;udk;ae&rIwdkYaBumifh tJ'Dvkyfief;

80 &mcdkifEIef;udk jyefvnf½kyfodrf;aBumif;

od&NyD;? 'D Food Processing Industry udk

Export Industry tjzpf ajymif;vJEdkifzdkYtwGuf

jynfyaps;uGufvdktyfcsuf? BudwfcGJrIenf;ynmESifh

acwfrDwefqmyvmrsm;udk t"duxm;vQuf?

wefzdk;jznfhxkwfvkyfrItcGifhtvrf;udk rqHk;½IH;

apoifhaMumif; tBuHjyKxm;wmudk od&ygw,f/

tDvufxa&mepf ypönf;tpdwftydkif;rsm;

pkpnf;xkwfvkyfjcif; (Electronic Parts

Assembly) udk EdkifiHydkiftzGJUtpnf;jzpfwJh

jrefrmhtBuD;pm;pufrIvkyfief;(MHI)ESifh udk&D;

,m;EkdifiH Daewoo ukrÜPDwdkYrS ½kyfjrifoHMum;

pufrsm;? a&cJaowåmrsm;udk 1990 jynfhvGefESpf

rsm;txd zufpyfxkwfvkyfcJhygw,f/ 'gayrJh

jynfwGif;aps;uGufrSm a&mif;csaewJh vQyfppf

ud&d,meJY tydkypönf;awG&JU t&nftaoG;[m

jynfyu 0,f,lwifoGif;wJh ypönf;rsm;eJY

,SOfNydKifEdkifjcif;r&Sdygbl;/ aemufydkif;rSm Daewoo ukrÜPDeJY tjcm; *syefukrÜPD (2)ckwkdY[m

½kyfodrf;cJhMuygw,f/ 'gayrJh tJ'DumvtwGif;rSmyJ

*syefEdkifiHu rav;&Sm;EdkifiHrSm Assembly Base wnfaxmifwJh Tamura Electronic Manufacturing Enter prise&JU enf;ynmeJY

jrefrmEdkifiHrSm Transformer rsm;? Power Supplier rsm;? Thermal fuser rsm;udk

'Earth Industry' tjzpf? CMP pepfjzifh xkwfvkyfNyD; xkwfukeftm;vHk;udk jynfyodkY

wifydkYvQuf&Sdygw,f/ 'DtcsufuyJ Electronic Assembly Industry wifydkYa&mif;csjcif;jzifh

EkdifiHjcm;aiG&EdkifwJh om"ujzpfvkdY jrefrmEdkifiH

twGuf Foreign Capital Attracting Policy eJY Industrial Infrastructure udk

jyKjyifajymif;vJ&ef vdktyfaeNyDqkdwmudk tBuHjyK

xm;aMumif; wifjyvkdufygw,f/

n

11

12

ul;ajymif;rI vif;t½kPfOD;pdefopfOD;

]wefcl; oBuFef} [k qdkonfhtwdkif;

jrefrmwdkYonf tpOftvmt& wefcl;vudk

oBuFef[k owfrSwfMuonf/]oBuFef} [lonf

]ul;ajymif;jcif;} [k t"dyÜm,f&onf/ ESpfa[mif;

ukefqHk;í ESpfopfwpfESpfodkY ul;ajymif;jcif;

jzpfonf/ ta[mif;tEGrf;rsm;udk pGefYcGmí

topftopfwdkY zl;yGifha0qmaom jrefrmwkdY\

tOD;tp r*Fvm vjrwf jzpfayonf/

wefcl;v\ &uftrsm;pkonf {NyDvxJwGif

&Sd\/ xdkYaMumifhvnf; wefcl;v[kqdkvQif {NyDv

yJ[k rsm;aomtm;jzifh trSwft,l&SdMuonf/

,if;{NyDv\ ppcsif;wpf&ufudk taemufwkdif;ü

April Fool's Day [k 0dN*dKvfjyKowfrSwf

Muonf/ olwdkY ½dk;&mtpOftvmt& wpfOD;OD;udk

aemifajymifusDp,fí aysmfap ysufap t½l;vkyf

vSnfhpm;aomaeY jzpfonf/

odkYaomf ,ckESpf {NyDv wpf&ufaeYonf

rdrdwdkY jrefrmjynftwGufrl ]t½l;aeY} r[kwf/

]tul;aeY} jzpfcJhayonf/ jrefrmhEkdifiHa&;orkdif;\

]tul;tajymif;} wpf&yfudk jrefrmjynfolwdkYu

azmfxkwf armfuGef;wifvdkufaomaeYjzpfonf/

xkdaeYwGif jrefrmEkdifiHü usif;y jyKvkyfaom

Mum;jzpfa&G;aumufyGJwGif Nidrf;csrf;a&;EdkA,fqk&Sif

a':atmifqef;pkMunfacgif;aqmifaom trsKd;om;

'Drdkua&pDtzGJUcsKyfu jynfolvlxk\ &J0Hhjywfom;

aom axmufcHrIjzifh aomifNydKurf;NydK tkef;tkef;

uRufuRuf tEkdif&vkdufonf/ xkdaeYonf

jrefrmEkdifiHtwGuf arQmfvifhcsufa&mifjcnf pwif

,Sufoef;ul;ajymif;ay;aom aeYjzpfonf/

]arQmfvifhcsuf [lonf Edk;xvmaom

tdyfrufjzpfonf} (Hope is a waking dream) [k a&S;acgr EkdifiHa&; awG;ac:&SifBuD;

tm&pöwdkw,fu qkdcJhonf/ xkdaeY xkd&ufwGif

jrefrm jynfolvlxkBuD; tESpfESpf tcgcg rufcJh

aom 'Drdkua&pDtdyfruf wpfBudrfjyefvnfí

Edk;xvmygNyD/ ESpfaygif; ig;q,fausmf vl

oufwrf;wpfckrQ tHwif;wif;Budwf atmifhtnf;

BudwfrSdwfum wif;wif;MuyfMuyfqkyfxm;aom

vufoD;qkyfrsm;rS xGufay:vmaom rdrdwdkY\

vdkvm;csufrsm;udk jynfolrsm;u &J&J0Hh0Hh

xkwfazmfay;cJhygNyD/ ]tajccH t&if;tjrpfawG

jzpfEdkifajc tvm;tvmawG? vlpGrf;vlpawG

&SdygvsufeJY EkdifiHwumrSm tqif;&JqHk;EkdifiHtjzpf

atmufusaemufus 'g;raemufydwf jzpfae&wJh

wdkYEkdifiHudk u,fwifajymif;vJzkdY wdkYrSm vHk;0

wm0ef&Sdw,f} [laom EdkifiHa&; MowyÜpdwf

(Political Conseience)onf jynfolwkdY\

ESvHk;onf;qdkifxJwGif tjrKawtjzpf udef;0yfwnf&Sd

aeygNyD/ ,if;odkYaom rSefrSm;? aumif;qkd;wdkYudk

jyufjyufxifxif cGJjcm;odjrifwwfaom MowyÜ

pdwfrS aeí rdrdwdkYEkdifiHtm; vGwfvyfNidrf;csrf;í

zGHU NzdK;wkd;wufrI tajymif;tvJudk OD;aqmifvrf;jy

ay;Ekdifrnfh vif;t½kPfOD;udkvnf; jynfolwdkYu

,HkMunf tyfESif;ay;cJhygNyD/

þonfwdkYrSm jrefrmjynfolvlxk\ EdkifiHa&;

todw&m;u tqHk;tjzwfay;csrSwfvdkufaom

EdkifiHa&; t&Sdw&m;opf (New Reality) jzpfonf/ rnfolrQ jiif;y,fí r&Edkifaom

yuwdt&Sdw&m; jzpfayonf/ vwfwavm

ay:xGef;vmaom jrefrmhEkdifiHa&;tcif;tusif;

opfvnf; jzpfayonf/ ,if;tcif;tusif;

wGif trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJUcsKyf vTwfawmf

udk,fpm;vS,frsm;onf vTwfawmfwGif; EdkifiHa&;

tawGUtBuHKopfwGif yg0if vIyf&Sm;Muawmhrnf

jzpfonf/

trSefppfppf trsKd;om; 'Drdkua&pDtzGJUcsKyf

onf vTwfawmftoD;oD; Mum;jzwfa&G;aumufyGJ

vpfvyfae&m (44) ae&m 0ifa&muf,SOfNydKif

1988 ckESpfrS pwifí EdkifiHa&;tawGUtBuHK trsKd;rsKd;wdkYjzifh xkom; ayom;usvmcJhNyD; EkdifiHa&; todw&m; <u,f0vSum EkdifiHa&;

ÓmPfynmxufjrufvSaom a':atmifqef;pkMunf\

pnf;½Hk;a&;tm;? OD;aqmifrItm;wdkYjzifh rdwfzuf wdkif;&if;om; vTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,ftm;vHk;ESifh tjcm; 'Drdkua&pDvdkvm;ol vTwfawmf

udk,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifh vufwGJum jynfolvlxk\ tusKd;pD;yGm;udk

,cifuxuf ydkí aqmif&Gufay;Ekdifvdrfhrnf[k

,HkMunf&ayonf/

13

Political

ta&G;cHcJh&m (43) ae&m tEdkif&cJhaomfjim;vnf;

ESpfae&mrSm wkdif;a'oBuD;vTwfawmftwGuf

jzpfum jynfolUvTwfawmfESifh trsKd;om;

vTwfawmfESpf&yftwGuf (41)ae&mom &Sdygonf/

jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,ftm;vHk;\

10 &mcdkifEIef;rQyif r&Sdyg/ odkYaomf 1988 ckESpfrS

pwifí EdkifiHa&;tawGUtBuHK trsKd;rsKd;wdkYjzifh

xkom; ayom;usvmcJhNyD; EkdifiHa&; todw&m;

<u,f0vSum EkdifiHa&; ÓmPfynmxufjruf

vSaom a':atmifqef;pkMunf\ pnf;½Hk;a&;tm;?

OD;aqmifrItm;wdkYjzifh rdwfzuf wdkif;&if;om;

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rsm;ESifh vufwGJum jynfolvlxk\ tusKd;

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ESifh rudkufnDawmhaom Oya'a[mif;rsm;udk

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onf/ xdkvkyfief;pOfonf NLD yg0ifvmaom

vTwfawmfwGif ydkrdk oGufvuf xufjrufvmrnf

[k jrifrddonf/ xkdenf;wl jynfwGif;Nidrf;csrf;a&;?

trsKd;om; jyefvnfpnf;vHk;a&; u@wGifvnf;

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tajccH Oya'jyifqifa&; udpöwGifrl txl;

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rnf/ or®wBuD; OD;odef;pdef udk,fwdkifu 2008

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tcsdef,lí aqmif&Guftyfayonf/

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tajctaet&yf&yfonf a':atmifqef;pkMunf

OD;aqmifaom NLD ygwD w&m;0if r&yfwnf

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jzpfonf/ ygwD w&m;0if &yfwnfNyD;onfhtcsdefrS

pí EdkifiHawmf\ Oy"d½kyfonf ydkí aumif;rGef

vmayonf/ EdkifiHa&;? pD;yGm;a&;? vlrIa&;

e,fy,ftoD;oD;wGif EdkifiHwGif;ü ydkrdkwuf<u

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tar&duef EdkifiHjcm;a&;0efBuD;eJY

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w,f&Sif/

a':atmifqef;pkMunf -

tar&duefjynfaxmifpkrSm EdkifiHa&;

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tm;ay;wm q,fpkESpfeJY csDvmygNyD/

vlxkESifh a':atmifqef;pkMunf (2)The Future

14

Questions & Answers

15

'gaMumifh or®wtajymif;tvJawG &SdcJhayr,fhvnf; axmufcHtm;ay;rI[m

ckdifckdifrmrm &SdcJhygw,f/ qufvufNyD;awmhvnf; ckdifrmoGm;r,fvkdY

,HkMunfygw,f/ EdkifiHa&;vkyfw,fqdkwm tajctae tcsdeftcgeJYudkufnDatmif

enf;vrf;&SmNyD; vkyfoGm;&wm jzpf½dk;jzpfpOfyg/ atrD tdrfvmvnfwmudkvnf;

rSwfrdaeygw,f/

racsmpkatmif (tar&duefjynfaxmifpk) - [kwfuJh tefwD&Sifh/

NLD ygwDuae taMumif;trsdK;rsdK;aMumifh xGufoGm;&wJh olawGudk

ygwDrSm jyefvnfvufcHzkdY &Sdygovm;/ tu,fí jyefvnfvufcHr,f

qkdvkdY&Sd&if b,fvkdrlawG csrSwfxm;ovJ wqdwfavmuf ajymjyay;yg&Sif/

aus;Zl;wifygw,f&Sif/

a':atmifqef;pkMunf - NLD u udk,fhqE´oabmxm;eJY

xGufoGm;wJhvlawG? pnf;rsOf; pnf;urf;t& xkwfy,fcH&wJholawG

tzGJU0iftjzpf jyefvnfavQmufxm;a&;udpöeJY ywfoufvkdY b,fvkd

udkifwG,fr,fqkdwm tzGJUcsKyfu rMumrDumvtwGif; rlcsNyD; w&m;0if

aMujimrSm jzpfygw,f/

udkaZ,sm[def; (vef'ef) - r*Fvmyg tara':atmifqef;pkMunf

cifAsm;/ uRefawmfuawmh armifaZ,sm[def; jzpfygw,f/ uRefawmf

odcsifwmav;u jrefrmjynfrSm acwftqufquftpdk;&u pD;yGm;a&;udk

csKyfudkifNyD; jynfolawG[m qif;&JwGif;eufeJNyD; tvkyftudkif tcGifhtvrf;

enf;yg;ygw,f/ 'Dvdk pD;yGm;a&;eJY tvkyftudkiftcGifhtvrf;rsm; yGifhvef;

vma&;twGuf jynfolawGudk,fwkdifu zefwD;NyD; ,loifhovm;? 'grS

r[kwf tpdk;&u tvkyfawG tcGifhtvrf;awGudk zefwD;ay;oifhygovm;

qdkwm uRefawmf odcsifygw,fcifAsm;/ aus;Zl;wifygw,fcifAsm;/

a':atmifqef;pkMunf - tar&duefjynfaxmifpkvdk? Oa&myEdkifiHawGvkd

vGwfvyfwJh 'Drdkua&pDtodkif;t0dkif;awGrSmawmif tvkyfvufrJhjyóem

BuD;xGm;vmwJhtcg tpdk;&awG 0ifNyD;yg0ifzkdY vdkvmwwfygw,f/ 'Dawmh

jrefrmEdkifiHvkd pD;yGm;a&;tajctae tifrwef ,drf;,dkifaewJhEdkifiHrSm

tpkd;&&JU rSefuefwJh rl0g'awGeJY vufawGUuswJhpDrHudef;awG

trsm;BuD;vdkygw,f/

rolol0if; (vef'ef) - r*Fvmyg tara':atmifqef;pkMunf&Sifh/

orD;uawmh rolol0if;jzpfygw,f/ 'DaeY orD; ar;csifwmav;uawmh

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wpfck? odkYr[kwf ygwDwcsKdUeJY tpdk;&rzGJUEdkifwJhygwDwpfck odkYr[kwf

ygwDwcsKdU&,fvdkY tMurf;zsOf;&Sdygw,f/ tpdk;&tzGJUxJrSm rygwJhygwD

odkYr[kwf ygwDawGudk twkduftcH tiftm;pkvkdY owfrSwfygw,f/ tJh'D

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tEdkif&NyD; tpdk;&zGJU cGihf&oGm;wJhtcgrSm tpdk;&ae&mudk vufvTwfvkduf&wJh

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taeeJY ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm &yfwnfcJh&vdkY jrefrmEdkifiHrSm twdkuftcHqdkwJh

pum;pk[m t"dyÜm,fr&Sif;rvif; jzpfoGm;wmyg/ n

Ref : RFA (Radio Free Asia)

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yk*¾dKvf 100 pm&if;ü ESpfpOf yg0ifaeusacgif;aqmifrsm;? pGefYOD;

aqmif&Gufolrsm;? pD;yGm;a&; vkyfief;&Sifrsm;? u@pHkwGif xif&Sm;

ausmfMum;olrsm;ukd azmfjy&m jrefrmEdkifiHrS or®wOD;odef;pdeftygt0if

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aqmif&Gufjcif;? urÇmay:&Sd atmufusaemufustjzpfqHk; pD;yGm;

a&;tajctae&SdonfhEdkifiHrsm;xJrS wpfEdkifiHudk jyKjyifajymif;vJjcif;?

umv&Snf&Sdaeonfh wdkif;&if;om; y#dyu© wpf'gZifausmfudk

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azmfjyxm;onf/ n

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&eftwGuf or®w OD;odef;pdef\ zdwfMum;csuft& jrefrmEdkifiHodkY {NyDv 29

&ufaeYwGif vma&mufcJhonf/

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&ufaeYwGif or®w OD;odef;pdefESifh aejynfawmf&Sd or®wtdrfawmfwGif awGUqHkum

jrefrmh'Drdkua&pDa&;rsm; wdk;wufaerIudk aqG;aEG;cJhonf/ xkdYaemuf rpöwmbefuDrGef;

onf jynfolYvTwfawmfOuú| ol&OD;a&Tref;? trsKd;om;vTwfawmfOuú| OD;cifatmif

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n

or®w OD;odef;pdefESifh ukvor*¾twGif;a&;rSL;csKyf awGUqHk

Photo News

(2-5-12) aeYwGif jynfolYvTwfawmfwGif;odkY

w&m;0if wufa&mufvmaom

a':atmifqef;pkMunftm; awGGU&pOf/

(2-5-12) aeYwGif a':atmifqef;pkMunfESifh NLD vTwfawmf udk,fpm;vS,frsm; yxrOD;qHk;tBudrf

usrf;opömusdefqdkaepOf/

16

News

yk*¾vdu vkyfief;&Sifrsm;udk tmrcHukrÜPD wnfaxmifcGihfjyK

EdkifiHjcm;&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrI Oya'opf vTwfawmfü twnfjyKEkdif&ef aqG;aEG;jrefrmhpD;yGm;a&; zGHU NzdK;wdk;wufa&;twGuf jynfyrS EkdifiHjcm;&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrI (FDI) rsm; qGJaqmifEkdif&ef

yxrqHk; EkdifiHjcm; &if;ESD;jr§KyfEHSrIOya'Murf;udk trsKd;om;vTwfawmfu jyifqifcsufeJY twnfjyKNyD;

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Murf;udk oabmwltwnfjyKvQif ,if;Oya'onf twnfjzpfrnf[k od&onf/ ,if;EkdifiHjcm;

&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHrIOya'rlMurf;wGif uefYowfcsufESifh >cif;csufwcsKdU xnhfoGif;xm;onf/ jrefrmEdkifiHwGif;

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tpdk;&cGihfjyKcsufjzihf &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHcGihfay;EkdifaMumif; >cif;csuf&Sdonf[kod&onf/ xdkYtjyif EdkifiHjcm;

&if;ESD;jr§KyfESHvdkol EdkifiHjcm;om;rsm;? {nhfEkdifiHom;rsm;? EdkifiHom;jyKcGihf&xm;olrsm;taejzihf ESpfaygif;

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wdkuf½dkuf &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHvdkolrsm;udk t"du qGJaqmifvdkufjcif;jzpfaMumif; od&onf/ ,ck Oya'wGif

tcGefuif;vGwfcGifhvnf; 5 ESpf ay;xm;NyD; tvkyform;cefYxm;rIESifh ywfoufí pnf;urf;csuf

5 csuf&SdNyD; &if;ESD;jr§KyfESHolu EkdifiHom;uRrf;usifvkyfom; iSm;&rf;rIudk yxr 5 ESpfwGif 25

&mcdkifEIef;? 'kwd, 5 ESpfwGif 50 &mcdkifEIef;? wwd, 5 ESpfwGif 75 &mcdkifEIef; vkyfief;rsm;wGif

cefYxm;NyD;jzpf&rnf[k od&onf/ n

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tmrcH? aiGom;vHkNcHKrItmrcH? orm"dtmrcH

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n

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pdwf0ifpm;aecsdefü jrefrmpD;yGm;a&;nDvmcH

(Myanmar Business Conference) udk

arv 15 &ufaeYwGif &efukefESihf aejynfawmf

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17

18

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pawmhtdyfcdsef;rsm;udk wnfaxmif&ef vmrnfh

arvwGif *syefESifh jrefrm wm0ef&Sdolrsm;

awGUqHkaqG;aEG;rnf[k od&onf/ {NyDv 11

&ufaeYu jrefrmEdkifiHawmf A[dkbPftaeESifh

Tokyo Stock Exchane Group Inc. ESifh Daiwa Securities Group Inc.wdkYtMum;

oabmwlnDcsuf &&SdcJhjcif;jzpfNyD; arvwGif

em;vnfrIpmcRefvTmudk vufrSwfa&;xdk;oGm;

rnf[k od&onf/

Daiwa Institute of Research Ouú|

Takashi Fukai u vGefcJhwJh 15 ESpfausmf

uwnf;u ulnDaqmif&Gufay;cJhwJh jrefrmEdkifiH&JU

t&if;tESD; aps;uGufwnfaxmifrIudk tqifhopf

wdk;jr§ifhEdkifzdkY wdkusKd pawmhtdyfcdsef;eJYtwl

tm;ay;ulnDoGm;rSmyg}[k ajymMum;cJhonf/

jrefrmEdkifiHawmf A[dkbPf ñTefMum;a&;rSL;

OD;armifarmifu ,ckESpftwGif; jrefrmEdkifiH\

pawmhtdyfcdsef;xlaxmif jcif;qdkif&m zGJUpnf;yHkESifh

pnf;rsOf;pnf;urf;rsm;udk a&;qGJoGm;rnfjzpfNyD;

Mum;cH tusKd;aqmiftoif;rsm;? jynfwGif;ESifh

EdkifiHjcm; Fund Management ukrÜPDrsm;

zGJUpnf;cGifhjyKoGm;rnf[k jrefrmht&if; tESD;aps;uGuf

zGHU NzdK;wdk;wufa&; tvkyf½Hk aqG;aEG;yGJwGif

ajymMum;cJhaMumif; od&onf/ n

uarÇm'D;,m;EdkifiH? zEGrf;yifNrdKUwGif 2012 ckESpf?

ZGef 14 &ufrS 17 &uftxd usif;yjyKvkyfrnfh

4th Cambodian Gems & Jewelry Fair 2012 odkY jrefrmEdkifiHrS vkyfief;&Sifrsm;tm;

yg0ifjyo&ef zdwfac:xm;aMumif; od&Sd&onf/

jycef;twGuf tcrJh jyocGihfay;oGm;rnfjzpfNyD;?

jycef; qdkif&m tcsuftvufrsm;udk Trade Promotion Department/Ministry of Commerce/Kingdom of Cambodia/E.mail-Vitholt@yahoo.com/ph;(855) 17559277, (855) 98 322 233/Fax: (855) 23 211749 odkY qufoG,far;jref;Ekdif

aMumif; od&Sd&onf/ jrefrmEdkifiHrS pdwfyg0ifpm;

onhf pD;yGm;a&; vkyfief;&Sifrsm;taejzihf

wufa&mufjyovdkygu rdrdwdkYukrÜPDtrnf?

taumufcGefpnf;Muyfa':vm aps;EIef;jyifqifjrefrmEdkifiHESifh jynfyEkdifiHtoD;oD; xkwfukef? oGif;ukefvkyfief;rsm; vkyfudkif&mwGif

ukefypönf; toD;oD;udk pnf;MuyfaumufcHvsuf&Sdonfh taumufcGefEIef;xm;rsm;udk {NyDv

1 &ufaeYrS pwifí ,cif usyf 450 jzihf wGufcsufaerItpm; aeYpOf aps;uGufa':vmaiGaps;EIef;

(Market Rate) twdkif; wGufcsufí aumufcHvsuf&SdaMumif; taumufcGefOD;pD;XmerS

od&onf/

armfawmf,mOf? puf,EÅ&m;rsm;? armfawmfqdkifu,frsm;? a&,mOfrsm;? ,if;ESihf

ywfoufaom qufpyfypönf;rsm;? tydkypönf;rsm;udk ,cifuyif a':vmaiGaps;EIef;jzihf

aumufcHcJhjcif; jzpfNyD; tjcm;ukefypönf;rsm;udk wpfa':vmvQif 450 EIef;jzihf aumufcHcJhaMumif;?

,ck ypönf;tm;vHk;udk Market Rate twdkif; aumufcHaejcif;jzpfaMumif; od&onf/

rlvu 170 rS 75 &mcdkifEIef;xd ukefoG,fvkyfief;cGeftoD;oD; aumufcHcJhaom

"mwfqD? 'DZ,fqDESifh av,mOfqDtygt0if EkdifiHjcm;jzpft&ufrsm;udk {NyDvrS pwifum

wpfajy;nD tq rsm;pGm avQmhcscJhaMumif;? b@ma&;ESihf tcGef0efBuD;Xme jynfwGif;tcGefrsm;

OD;pD;XmexHrS od&Sd&onf/

a&eH? obm0"mwfaiGU? uRef;opfvHk;ESihf opfrmcGJom;? ausmufpdrf;ESifh tzdk;wef

ausmufrsuf &wemrsm;rSvGJí tjcm;ukefypönf;rsm;udk rwfvtwGif;u pwifum

ukefoG,fvkyfief;cGef raumufcHawmhaMumif; jynfwGif;tcGefrsm;OD;pD;Xmeu

w&m;0ifxkwfjyefxm;onf/ n

vdkufygrnfh vlOD;a&pm&if;? jyornhf ypönf;pm&if;

trnfrsm;udk jrefrmEkdifiH ukefonfrsm;ESihf

pufrIvufrItoif;csKyfrSwpfqifh ukefoG,fa&;

ñTefMum;rIOD;pD;XmeodkY wifjy avQmufxm;Ekdif

aMumif;ESihf zkef;-067-408411? e-mail-moctrade fair@gmail.com odkY pHkprf;

ar;jref;EkdifaMumif; od&Sd&onf/ n

4th Cambodian Gems & Jewelry Fair 2012 jyyGJodkY 0ifa&mufjyo&ef zdwfac:

19

Opinion

udk,fusifhw&m;ESifh EdkifiHawmfarmifMunfopf

"The state is made for man"(C.E.M. Joad)

(1)�

vlonf rlvobm0tm;jzifh tzGJUtpnf;

todkif;t0dkif;wGif aexkdif&Sifoef&aom owå0g

Social being jzpfonf/ xkdYaMumifh vlonf

vlYtzGJUtpnf;wpf&yf Social Organization twGif; rdrdb0 &Sifoef zGYHNzdK;a&;twGuf

aexdkif&onf/ ,if; Total social organi-zation udk vlYtzGJUtpnf; (society) [kac:qkdMuonf/

(2)

vlYtzGJUtpnf;\ta&;tBuD;qHk; tpdwf

tydkif;rSm EdkifiHawmf (State) jzpfonf/ ,if;onf

olYtvdkvdk ay:xGef;vmonf r[kwf/ wefcdk;&Sif

wpfOD;OD;\ zefqif;csufvnf; r[kwf/ vlYtzGJU

tpnf; wpf&yfvHk;wGif aexkdifMuolrsm;\

vdktifqE´ (Will) t&om ay:xGef;vmjcif;

jzpf\/

xdkUaMumifh vlUtzGUJtpnf;&Sd vlom;wkdUonf

EdkifiHawmf jzpfwnfrI\ taMumif;t&if;cH

rlvZpfjrpf jzpf\/ odkYjzpfí EdkifiHawmfonf

,if;tm; jzpfxGef; arG;zGm;ay;vkdufonfh

EdkifiHom;rdkY (Citizens) tay: aus;Zl;ruef;tyf?

rapmfum;tyf? rzsufqD;tyfay/ EdkifiHom;wdkY

aumif;usKd;csrf;omjzpfxGef;rIudk azmfaqmif

zefwD;ay;jcif;jzifh vnf;aumif;? EkdifiHom;wdkY\

oabmqEudk rsufuG,frjyKjcif;jzifh vnf;aumif;

jyefvnf aus;Zl;qyftyfayonf/ þonfrSm

EkdifiHawmf\ udk,fusifhw&m; (Ethics of the state) yif jzpfayonf/

(3)

udk,fusifhw&m; ½IaxmifhrS MunfhvQif

EdkifiHawmfonf enf;vrf; (Means) rQom

jzpfonf/ &nfrSef;csufyef;wdkif (End) r[kwfacs/

EdkifiHawmfonf EdkifiHom;wdkY arQmfrSef;csufyef;wkdif

udk rsufarSmufjyK azmfaqmifay;onfh ud&d,m

wefqmyvm (instrument) rQom jzpfay

onf/ EkdifiHom;jynfolwkdY usef;rmaysmf&Tifa&;?

todynmjynfhpHka&;? b0zlvHka&;wkdYudk EkdifiH

awmfu zefwD; jrifhwifay;&rnf jzpfonf/

EdkifiHom;wpfOD;csif;pD\ yk*¾vd udk,f&nfudk,faoG;

zGHU NzdK;vmap&ef EdkifiHawmfü wm0ef&Sdayonf/

EdkifiHawmf\Oy"d½kyfonf EdkifiHom;wkdY\ udk,f&nf

udk,faoG;yifjzpfonf/ wu,fawmh EkdifiHawmf

onf vlYtzGJUtpnf;\ t&Sifocifr[kwf? tap

tyg;rQom jzpf\/ xkdYaMumifh udk,fusifhw&m;

&IaxmifhrS qdk&vQif EdkifiHawmfonf EdkifiHom;

wdkYudk tEdkiftxufjyK tkyfcsKyfydkifcGifhr&Sd? csKyfcs,f

ydkifcGifhr&Sd? rw&m; apcdkif;ydkifcGifhr&Sd? zsufqD;

acsrIef;ydkifcGifh r&Sdacs/

(4)

EdkifiHawmfü udk,fhusifhw&m; qkdif&m

vkyfaqmifcsuf (Ethical function) ESpf&yf &Sdavonf/ jiif;y,f wm;qD;aom vkyfaqmif

csuf (Negative function) ESifh azmfaqmif

jr§ifhwifay;aom vkyfaqmifcsuf (Positive function) wdkY jzpfonf/

EdkifiHawmfonf EdkifiHom; jynfolwpfOD;\

rlvtcGifhta&;rsm; (Right) jzpfaom b0

&yfwnf &SifoefydkifcGifh? "eOpömypönf;ydkifqkdif

cGifh? vGwfvyfpGm ajymqkda&;om;azmfxkwfydkif

cGifhwkdYudk aESmifh,SufzsufqD;rnfh trIudpörsm;

tjzpftysufrsm;? tajctaersm; tm;vHk;udk

jiif;y,f z,f&Sm;ay;NyD; EdkifiHom;wdkYtwGuf

w&m; rQwrI (Justice) udk umuG,f

apmifha&Smufay;aeonfh wm0ef&Sdayonf/

þonfrSm EdkifiHawmf\ jiif;y,f wm;qD;aom

vkyfaqmifcsuf udk,fusifhw&m;jzpfonf/

xdkYjyif EdkifiHawmfonf EkdifiHom;wkdY\

½kyfydkif;b0ESifh pdwfydkif;b0 zGHU NzdK;wkd;wufa&;

twGuf jznfhqnf;ay;&rnfjzpfonf/ EkdifiHom;

wkdY\ ynma&;? usef;rma&;? vlrIb0 vHkNcHK

zlvHka&;? ,Ofaus;rI wkd;wufjrifhrm;vma&;

twGuf aumif;rGefajyjypfaom tpDtrHrsm;

csrSwfum vufawGUtaumiftxnfazmfay;&rnfh

wm0efvnf; &Sdayonf/ þonfrSm EdkifiHawmf\

azmfaqmif jr§ifhwifay;aom vkyfaqmifrI

udk,fusifhw&m; jzpfayonf/

(5)

,if;udk,fusifhw&m;wkdYESifh jynfhpHkaom

EdkifiHawmfudk EdkifiHom; jynfolwkd Yonf

cspfjrwfEdk;Mu\/ ,HkMunfMu\/ EdkifiHawmf\

trdefYtmPmudk emcH vdkufemBu\/ EdkifiHawmf\

vkyfief;aqmifwmrsm;wGif pdfwfa&m udk,fyg

vdkvdkvm;vm; vdIufvdIufvSJvSJ yg0ifaqmif&Guf

Mu\/ xdktcg EkdifiHawmf\ Oy"d½kyfonf

Munfvif xGef;yvm\/ usufoa& r*Fvm

taygif;ESifh jynfhpHkwifhw,fvm\/

þodkYr[kwfbJ EkdifiHawmfonf udk,fusifh

w&m;ysufoGm;ygu EkdifiHom;wkdYonf EkdifiHawmf

tay: ,HkMunf ouf0ifMuawmhrnfr[kwfay/

av;pm; tm;xm;Muawmhrnf r[kwfay/

EkdifiHawmf\ trdefYtmPmudk emcH vkdufemMu

awmhrnf r[kwfay/ udk,fusifhw&m;rJhonfh

EdkifiHawmfudk ckcHqefYusifMurnfom jzpfonf/

wwfEdkifvQif wkdufcdkufzsufodrf;ypfMurnfom

jzpf\/ þum; avmu "r®wmw&m;om

jzpfayonf/ n

20

aomufvnf;aomuf aygufvnf;ayguf*suf (uGrf;NcHukef;)

(wpf)

vufrSwf½HkxJodkY uREfkyf 0ifvdkufaom

tcg c&D;oGm;rnfh yk*¾dKvfrSm &Sm;awmifh&Sm;yg;

uREkfyfwpfa,mufwnf;om &Sdonfudk owdjyKrd

vdkufyg\/

uREkfyfu vufrSwfwpfapmif[k qkdvkduf&m

vufrSwfa&mif;aeol q&mBuD;u armif&ifav;u

tb,fodkY oGm;rSmwkef;[k NyHK;NyHK;BuD; rdefYqdkNyD;

onfhoumv rqGu cRwfvdkufonfh aq;wHBuD;

udk jyefí cJxm;vdkufjyefacsawmh&m atmf--

q&mBuD; a&TOa'gif;ygayuvm; [k uREkfyfrSm

oabmayguf&bdacsawmhygonfwnfh/

]] qdkav ... twdwfavm ... tem*wf

avm }}

q&mBuD; a&TOa'gif;onfum; ¤if;\

tonf;pGJ Dum Hill aq;wHBuD;udk wpfzGm

ESpfzGmqdkovdk ½dIufí ½dIufum zGmvdkufNyD;onfh

oumv uREkfyfoGm;rnfh c&D;pOftm; xyfqifhí

ar;vmcJhonfjzpfacs&m uREkfyfu ysm,D;ysm,m

qdkovdk ajzqkdorI jyK&ygacs\/

]]tem*wfudkyg cifAsm}}

[kwfyg\/ þc&D;oGm; at*sifpDrSmu

c&D;pOfESpfckyJ &SdordkYOpöm/ twdwfodkY oGm;rSmvm;?

tem*wfodkY oGm;rSmvm; 'gyJ jzpfyg\/

]]a&mh vufrSwf ... [kdbufu tcef;rSm

uwdopömoGm;qkd}}

xl;jcm;qef;Mu,faom c&D;oGm;vkyfief;

yif jzpfbdyg\/ c&D;roGm;rD uwdopömqkd&

ao;owJh/ xm;awmh/ todkYESifh uwdopömqdk&

aom tcef;xJodkY uREkfyf a&mufoGm;aomtcg

rkwfqdwfarT;? yg;NrdKif;arT; jzLjzLazG;azG;rsm;ESifh

pma&;q&mBuD H.G.Wells onf ½I;odk;odk;BuD;

xkdifaeav\/

]]vkdufqdk}}

awGUvQif awGUcsif;rSmyifvQif tcsdefudk

rapmifhEdkifonfh oabmjzifh vkdufqdkcdkif;acs&m

uREkfyfonf c&D;oGm;vkyfief;Ouú|BuD; pma&;

q&m H.G.Wells\ wdkifay;vmaom uwd

opöm t"d|mefjyKcsufudk vkdufí qdk&bdacsonf

wrHkY/

]] uREkfyfonf pma&;q&mBuD; H.G.Wells wnfaxmifxm;aom Time Machineac: umv,EÅ&m; pufarmfawmf,mOfBuD;jzifh c&D;

oGm;rnfjzpf&m enf;ynm\ tHhrcef;tpGrf;udk

t<uif;rJh ,HkMunfyg\/ ,HkMunfyg\/ ,HkMunf

yg\/}}

21

Satire

tEdkYuvdk ,HkMunfyg\udk oHk;BudrfBudrfwdwd

&GwfqdkNyD;onfhtcgwGifum; umv,EÅ&m;jzifh

c&D;oGm;&ef tqifhoifhjzpfayNyD/ uREkfyfvnf;

umv,EÅ&m;ay:odkYwuf? xkdifcHkü ae&m,l?

cg;ywfudk wif;MuyfpGm ywfNyD;onfhoumv

rsufpdudk pHkvHk;rSdwfí tm½Hk,lvkduf&m rdkufceJ

wpfcsuf jzpfoGm;NyD;onfhoumv rsufpdudk

jyefzGihfMunfhvdkufaomtcg tem*wfodkY a&muf&Sd

aeonfudk tHhMopzG,f awGU&Sdvkduf&bdyg\/

tdk ... 2050 ckESpf qdkyghuvm;/

(ESpf)

]]rrEk..a&wpfcGufawmh wkdufAsm}}

uREkfyfum; pma&;q&mr EkEk&nf (tif;0)

udk b,fhESmrS tm;emraeawmh/ ajcmufaoGUaom

tmacgiftwGuf a&wpfcGufudk awmif;&awmh

onfom/ tem*wf 2050 ckESpfodkY a&mufonfh

wkdif EkEk&nf (tif;0)um; EkysKdaeqJyif/

]]t,f ... a&ukefaeoawmh cPapmifh

armifav; ... ig;rdepfyJ ... udk,fharmifESrcsif;awG

&Sufraeawmhbl;aemf}}

rEkEk&nf (tif;0) onfum; uysmu,m

qkdovdk qD;tdk;udkzGifh tay:u cGxkdifum ½SL;½SL;

aygufjcif;trIudk {nfhcef;xJrSmyif jyKvkdufNyD;onfh

oumv rvSrf;rurf;wGif wyfqifxm;aom

pufud&d,mBuD;wpfck&Sd&mqDodkY avQmufoGm;um

uawmhBuD;wpfckxJodkY ¤if;\ qD;rsm;tm;

avmif;oGefcsvdkufavaomtcg qD;rS aeí

a&oefYtjzpfodkY jyefvnf oefYpifay;aom

pufud&d,mwpfckvHk; vnfywfarmif;ESifvIyf&Sm;

oGm;NyD;onfhoumv aemufqHk;&Sd cGufuav;xJ

0,f aomufoHk;&ef tqifoifh a&oefUwpfcGuf

onf a&muf&Sdí oGm;av\/

]]a&mh ... armifav; ... aomuf}}

uREkfyfonfum; rodk;roefYjzpfpGmMunhf

&if;u ¤if; urf;ay;vmaom Recyle a&wpfcGufudk aomuf&ef [efjyifvkdufpOf

teHYwpfckckudk &ovdkvdk jzpfvm ojzifh ESmacgif;udk

½IHU yG ½IHU yG vkyfvkdufrdyg\/

]]tr,fav; ... teYHcHaumif;aejyef

ygNyD ... rr reufu wnif;oD;pm;xm;vdkYyg

aomufvkduf}}

uREkfyfonfum; a&csKd tvGef &Sm;yg;vm

rIaMumifh rdrdwdkY\ usifi,fa&udk a&tjzpf

jyefvnfoefYpifum aomufaeMu&ukefaom

2050 ckESpf tem*wfurÇm\ wpfae&m0,f

rEkEk&nf (tif;0)\ udk,fwGif;jzpf aomufa&

wpfcGufudk aomufrsKdum cscJh&acsonfwrHkY/

(oHk;)

urÇmBuD;ay:wGif a&xku 1.4 bDvD,H

ukAuDvdkrDwmom&Sd\/ þa&xkxJ0,f a&csKdu

35 oef; ukA uDvdkrDwmom &Sd\/ urÇmay:ü

&Sd&SdorQ a&rsm;teuf a&csKdu 2.5 &mckdifEIef;

om &Sdonfhoabm/ xdkxdkaom 2.5 &mcdkifEIef;

om &Sdonfh a&csKdawGxJrSmuvnf; 70 &mcdkif

EIef;u tmwdwfa&cJjyifrSm? tEÅmwdua&cJjyifrSm?

awmifxdyf qD;ESif;awGqDrSmjzpf&m vlwdkY vuf

vSrf;rD&m a&csKdu odyfr&Sd/ &Sd&SdorQ a&csKdawG

xJrSmuvnf; oH"mwfrsm;vdkY? cJ"mwfrsm;vdkY?

tmqif;epfrsm;vdkY ponf ponfjzifh vufa&G;pif

aomufa&oefYu &Sm;yg;vmawmhonf jzpfbd

acs&m tem*wfurÇmu vlom;awG udk,fh

usifi,fa&udk jyefoefYpifNyD; aomufwm bmrS

rqef;vS/

]][Jh armifav;&JU bmrS pdwfrodk;roefY

jzpfraeeJY? ajratmufa&uvnf; wl;vkdY rxGuf

oavmufjzpfaewm? onfvkdyJ wpfavmuvHk;

aomufaeMu&wmyJ? rif;aemf roef;jrifhatmifqD

oGm;&if onfhxufqkd;r,frSwf? rifhtpfrBuD;u

ql;ykyf&Gufudk aeYwkdif;pm;wm? jyKwfwkdYw,f?

bJOeJY aMumfpm;w,f? yJBuD;eJYcsufw,f tdk}}

uREkfyfonfum; tpfrBuD; oef;jrifhatmif\

tdrfodkY oGm;a&muf vnfywfvdkaomfvnf;

ql;ykyfeHYoif;onfh oif;\ t0SmjyKxm;aom

a&udk aomuf&rnfudkum; txl;yif atmf*vD

qefrdyg\/

]]tJ rifhtpfudkBuD; cspfOD;ndKtdrfawmh

0ifoGm;vkdufOD;awmh}}

tESD tBuHudkrl uREkfyfu oabmawGU

ovdkvdk jzpfrdyg\/ umv,EÅ&m;BuD;pD;um

tem*wf 2050 urÇmrS rjyefrD q&m cspfOD;nddK

tdrfu a&wpfcGufawmh 0ifaomufoGm;OD;rS/

tvGefqHk;jzpfvS 0DpuDeHYuav;aygh/ bD,meHY

uav;aygh/

n

22

V O I C E S]]½IyfaxG;us,fjyefYwJh jrefrmEdkifiHta&;rsm;udk ajz&Sif;Edkif&ef OD;wnfcsufwlnD&ef vdkygw,f/

xdyfwdkuf&ifqdkifjcif;eJY zdESdyfjcif;udk usifhoHk;cJhMuayr,fh atmifjrifrI r&&SdcJhygbl;/ &ifhusufwJh

'Drdkua&pDpepfudk azmfaqmifEdkif&ef twGuf EdkifiHa&;rsKd;qufopfrsm;&JU BuD;rm;wJh tiftm;

rsm;udk pkpnf;NyD; toHk;csEdkif&efvdktyfygw,f/ EdkifiHa&;wnfNidrfrIeJY yufoufNyD; tm;vHk;

yg0ifEdkifwJh EdkifiHa&;vkyfief;pOfwpf&yf xlaxmifEdkifa&;twGuf EdkifiHa&;ygwDtm;vHk;eJY xdawGU

qufoG,f aqmif&Gufvsuf&Sdaeygw,f/ trsKd;om;'Drdkua&pDtzGJUcsKyfeJYvnf; twlwuG

yl;aygif;aqmif&GufEdkifr,fh tqifhwpf&yfudk a&muf&SdaeNyD jzpfygw,f/ rdrdwdkY tpdk;&tzGJU

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24

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Muay/

Ref; The Economist.n

Business

25

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26

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Special Report

27

12

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Culture

28

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Photo Essay

Photo - Internet