The Future Integration of EU

8/13/2019 The Future Integration of EU

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Copenhagen criteria

The Copenhagen criteria are the rules that define whether a

country is eligible to join the European Union.In 1993, theCopenhagen European Council identified the economic and political

requirements candidate countries will need to fulfil to join the EU. It

also concluded that accession could take place as soon as they were

capable of fulfilling them.

The criteria are:

- the political criteria: stability of institutions guaranteeing

democracy, the rule of law, human rights, and respect for and

protection of minorities;- the economic criteria: the existence of a functioning market

economy as well as the capacity to cope with competitive pressures

and market forces within the Union;

- the institutional criteria: the ability to take on the obligations of

membership including adherence to the aims of political, economic

and monetary union. It includes the whole range of policies and

measures that constitute the acquis of the Union that candidate

countries must adopt, implement and enforce. This requires theadministrative capacity to transpose European Community legislation

into national law, to implement it and to effectively enforce it through

appropriate administrative and judicial structures.

The EU was created in 92 and the members who created

Copenhagen criteria for the new members so the market will be more

stable and powerfull but they cheat their numbers because as we can

see today with the problems of Greece Ireland spain they didnt meet

the criteria.

http://ec.europa.eu/romania/documents/eu_romania/tema_25.pdf


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The futureintegration of EU

By: Kristina Plato and Ionela IonAt the moment are eight countries waiting to join the EU. The following countries are:

that are acceding countries are Croatia that just joined this year. Serbia, Montenegro,

Macedonia, Turkey and Iceland are candidate countries and Albania and Bosnia are

potential candidates in the present time.

Croatia that already set to join the EU during mid 2013 started the accession talks at the

same time as Turkey on 3 October 2005. Turkey could complete them in 10-15 yearssince the negotiation has been about letting a Muslim country with different point of

view that could change the whole vision and values for the European Union. The

European CommissionsOctober 2012 report on Turkey criticized various human rights

abuses, including the use of anti-terror laws to detain Kurdish rights activists and curb

freedom of speech.

So far only 13 of the 33 negotiating chapters have been opened, only one has been

closed concerning science and research. No chapters have been opened for two years.

The negotiations have been mainly concerningthe freedom of speech and democracy inTurkey, especially the treatment of religious minorities, women's and children's rights.

The European Commission has urged Turkey to strengthen democracy and human

rights, underlining the need for deeper judicial reform.

Croatia will be the second ex-Yugoslav country after Slovenia to joinduring this year.

Judicial reform was among the toughest of the 33 negotiating areas, or "chapters". EU

Justice Commissioner Viviane Reding said that "in one year they have completely

reformed their judiciary system and have made it irreversible".


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The highest-profile target in Croatia's crackdown scandal on corruption was former

Prime Minister Ivo Sanader. He was sentenced to 10 years in prison for taking bribes, in

2012. He had been arrested in Austria and extradited to Croatia. He denied

wrongdoing.He was convicted of taking millions of dollars in bribes from a Hungarian

energy company and an Austrian bank, all of this extended the participation of EU.

One of the biggest delay of the participation was the different ways of making

appointments of judges and state prosecutors that Croatia had to do some changes to

make these more transparent , clear court backlogs, pursue high-level corruption

investigations more thoroughly and do more to help disadvantaged minorities.

Iceland that met 14 of the 33 areas of negotiation - called "chapters" - had been opened.

Of those, eight have been provisionally closed - in other words, Iceland has met the

criteria.

Iceland has also been threatened by a dispute over mackerel fishing.

Iceland objects to the EU and Norway taking more than 90% of the total allowable catch

recommended by scientists this is something the country is concerend about to lose

their power over the fishing. Iceland increased its 2011 quota unilaterally by nearly

17,000 tonnes.

Another sensitive area is financial reform, with Iceland still reeling from the collapse of

its major banks in 2008.

In two referendums Icelanders have rejected compensation deals struck by their

government with the UK and the Netherlands over savings lost by investors in the

collapsed Icesave online bank this is something that delays the country to join when the

countries want these debts payed before the country is allowed to be a part of the EU.

The UK and Dutch governments want Iceland to reimburse the estimated 4bn euros that

they paid as compensation to Icesave investors.

Iceland is nowadays in the Schengen zone, which means that the citizens are already

having the right to travel to the European countries without visas. Being in this zone is

also bringing the countryother benefits.

Macedonia applied for the membership in 2004 the biggest problem has been a dispute

with Greece over Macadonias name , Greece argues that the name "Macedonia" cannot

be monopolised by one country, and that doing so implies a territorial claim over the

northern Greek region of the same name.This continues to hamper the country to join

EU and Nato.

Macedonian Foreign Minister Antonio Milososki said with hope for the participation that

"it is important that 125 countries worldwide have recognised Macedonia's

constitutional name," and added: "we remain firm on our stance that only the Republic

of Greece has a problem with Macedonia's constitutional name".


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Montenegro applied for participation in 2008. EU opened the country's accession talks

on 29 June 2012.

The EU says Montenegro must intensify its efforts to consolidate the rule of law, fight

organised crime and corruption and protect freedom of expression.

Talks with the EU on a Stability and Association Agreement (SAA) began shortly after

the country voted, in May 2006, to end its union with Serbia. The SAA was signed in

October 2007.

Serbia applied for the membership in 2009 and was approved to take part in 2012 but

has still been dealing with the conflicts from the former war mainly concerning Kosovo,

in february Serbia had made some concessions on Kosovo, the breakaway territory

which has been a major stumbling block. They are still in the negotiation of the borders

in Balkan.

Serbia's co-operation with the international war crimes tribunal in The Hague is a key

condition in its accession bid.

Albania applied for the membership in 2009 but are not allowed to particicate until

2015.This is because the EU thought Albania was moving too slowly in the fight against

corruption and organised crime. The EU also has doubts about Albania's energy sector,

which suffers from unstable supplies.

Bosnia-Hercegovina is not expected to join the EU until 2015 at the earliest.Bosnia'sethnic conflicts remain a worry for the EU, along with corruption and organised

crime.The Commission says Bosnia is still plagued by an "unstable political climate" and

ethnic divisions.

Sources:http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-11283616
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-11283616http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-11283616http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-11283616http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-11283616

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