Enlightenment & Monarchy Europe {Eastern & Western} 1450 - 1750 New World Order.
The French Revolution Transition from Absolute Monarchy to Republic Marks the Death of Feudalism...
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![Page 1: The French Revolution Transition from Absolute Monarchy to Republic Marks the Death of Feudalism Enlightenment Ideas In Action Sent Shock Waves Around.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062408/56649e615503460f94b5d1ce/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The French Revolution
Transition from Absolute Monarchy to Republic
Marks the Death of Feudalism
Enlightenment Ideas In Action
Sent Shock Waves Around the World
Transformed Europe as well as France
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Ancien Régime 1700’s France was seen as the most advanced country in Europe
Had a large population & prosperous foreign trade
Social & political system in place was the Old Regime
Characterized by Absolute Monarchy & lingering Feudalism
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To Recap:Both Feudalism & Absolute Monarchy
Feudalism:system of reciprocal relationships between Kings & nobles
1780s in France: Feudal countryside
Absolute Monarchy:Centralized Authority
Stranglehold on the Nobility
Very Costly!!!
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Social Classes of the Ancien Régime
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1st Estate: Clergy
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2nd Estate: Nobility
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Third Estate
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Causes of the Revolution
1. The 3rd Estate is increasingly resentful
2. The Enlightenment ideas of individual freedom & equality spread through France
3. Economic TroublesPrevious debt from Louis XIV still not paid off
Heavy taxes made it impossible to make a profit
Crop failures
4. Louis XVI (16th) is a weak leader
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Louis XVI
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Estates-General Meeting May 1789
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Tennis Court Oath
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Storming the Bastille
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The Great FearJuly 1789
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Women March on Versailles
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The Old Regime is DeadAugust 4th, 1789: National Assembly declares the end of Feudalism:
“The National Assembly abolishes the feudal system entirely… any kind of tithes and fees… are abolished… Financial, personal, or real privileges are abolished forever…”
Civil Constitution of the ClergyChurch officials become state employees
Sell Church land
Splits the 3rd Estate & Church: bourgeoisie vs. peasant
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Declaration of Rights of Man27 August 1789
Full of Enlightenment Ideas!!!
Guarantees many basic rights:Property, liberty, security, speech, religionLiberté, Egalité, Fraternité!!!
Caveat: these rights did not apply to women
Olympe de Gouges published a Declaration of the Rights of Women
her ideas were rejectedSeen as an enemy of the Revolution
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Out with the Old, In with the New
OLD & gone:
Feudalism
Slavery
Nobles’ titles
Independent Church
Absolute Monarchy
NEW:
Jews given citizenship
Loyalty Oath
Divorce legalized
Trade unions & guilds banned
Constitution
Currency: assignat
1st Republic
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La Nuit de Varennes
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Constitutional Monarchy
1 October 1791 a new Constitution approved by Louis XVI
1791 Constitution establishes
Constitutional Monarchy
Legislative Assembly
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Political SpectrumParticipants in French Revolution
Moderate
(Liberal)
RadicalConservative
•Some change•Girondins•Mountain
•oppose monarchy•want sweeping changes•Jacobins•Sans culottes
•limited monarchy•a few changes•Many peasants•nobility
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France at War1792 - Legislative Assembly declares war on Austria
Mob invades the Tuileries Palace
kills guards & imprisons the Royal Family
September Massacres: Fear Monarchists take over
Raid prisons & murder over 1000 royalists
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The SansculottesParisian workers & small shopkeepers
They want the Revolution to bring even greater changes
Sans-culottes ally with Radicals in the Legislative Assembly
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Jacobins
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The End of the Monarchy
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First French Republic:A Republic of Virtue
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The Reign of Terror
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Death of Marat
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Execution of
Robespierre
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After the TerrorNational Convention drafts another constitution
Creates Directory:bicameral legislature & executive
moderates, not revolutionaries
Corrupt