The French Revolution of 1789. Origins Absolutism Absolutism The Enlightenment philosophes The...

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The French Revolution of The French Revolution of 1789 1789

Transcript of The French Revolution of 1789. Origins Absolutism Absolutism The Enlightenment philosophes The...

Page 1: The French Revolution of 1789. Origins Absolutism Absolutism The Enlightenment philosophes The Enlightenment philosophes-Montesquieu-Voltaire-Rousseau.

The French Revolution of 1789The French Revolution of 1789

Page 2: The French Revolution of 1789. Origins Absolutism Absolutism The Enlightenment philosophes The Enlightenment philosophes-Montesquieu-Voltaire-Rousseau.

OriginsOrigins

AbsolutismAbsolutism The Enlightenment The Enlightenment philosophesphilosophes

-Montesquieu-Montesquieu

-Voltaire-Voltaire

-Rousseau-Rousseau Deism and Anti-CatholicismDeism and Anti-Catholicism

Page 3: The French Revolution of 1789. Origins Absolutism Absolutism The Enlightenment philosophes The Enlightenment philosophes-Montesquieu-Voltaire-Rousseau.

Underlying Causes of the Underlying Causes of the Revolution (1789)Revolution (1789)

The French monarchy in debtThe French monarchy in debt Bad harvests and starvationBad harvests and starvation Enlightenment philosophies Enlightenment philosophies

and increasing literacyand increasing literacy Nobles resent political weakness Nobles resent political weakness

(Divine Right, absolute monarchy)(Divine Right, absolute monarchy) Commoners resent feudal privilegesCommoners resent feudal privileges

Page 4: The French Revolution of 1789. Origins Absolutism Absolutism The Enlightenment philosophes The Enlightenment philosophes-Montesquieu-Voltaire-Rousseau.

The Estates-General Meets (May, The Estates-General Meets (May, 1789)1789)

First Estate (Clergy of 130,000, 10% First Estate (Clergy of 130,000, 10% landholding)landholding)

Second Estate (Nobles numberSecond Estate (Nobles number

about 350,000, 30% of the land)about 350,000, 30% of the land) Sword and robe nobilitySword and robe nobility First two estates have tax exemptions and First two estates have tax exemptions and

privileges (taille)privileges (taille) Third Estate (Bourgeoisie, artisans, Third Estate (Bourgeoisie, artisans,

peasants, commoners)peasants, commoners)

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Estates-General Provisions and Estates-General Provisions and Internal ConflictsInternal Conflicts

Third estate representation is doubledThird estate representation is doubled Voting by head or order?Voting by head or order? Third estate wants vote by head, First Third estate wants vote by head, First

estate by orderestate by order Cahiers De Doleances Cahiers De Doleances (Abbe (Abbe

Sieyes) and peasant grievancesSieyes) and peasant grievances Third estate moves to create Third estate moves to create national assembly, draw up constitution national assembly, draw up constitution

(Tennis Court Oath, June 20)(Tennis Court Oath, June 20)

Page 6: The French Revolution of 1789. Origins Absolutism Absolutism The Enlightenment philosophes The Enlightenment philosophes-Montesquieu-Voltaire-Rousseau.

The King’s Response and the Start The King’s Response and the Start of the Revolutionof the Revolution

Louis XVI prepares to use force Louis XVI prepares to use force against the Third Estateagainst the Third Estate

Storming of the Bastille (July 14) Storming of the Bastille (July 14) Violence in the countryside (The Violence in the countryside (The

Great Fear)Great Fear)

Page 7: The French Revolution of 1789. Origins Absolutism Absolutism The Enlightenment philosophes The Enlightenment philosophes-Montesquieu-Voltaire-Rousseau.

The National Assembly (1789-The National Assembly (1789-1791)1791)

The Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen The Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen (August 1789)(August 1789)

Feudalism abolished (August 1789)Feudalism abolished (August 1789) Department Department structure createdstructure created King resists, March of Women on Versailles King resists, March of Women on Versailles

(October, 1789)(October, 1789) The Civil Constitution of the Clergy (July The Civil Constitution of the Clergy (July

1790)1790) Limited Monarchy, voting and office holding Limited Monarchy, voting and office holding

based on wealth (active and passive citizens)based on wealth (active and passive citizens) Denial of women’s equality and participationDenial of women’s equality and participation

Page 8: The French Revolution of 1789. Origins Absolutism Absolutism The Enlightenment philosophes The Enlightenment philosophes-Montesquieu-Voltaire-Rousseau.
Page 9: The French Revolution of 1789. Origins Absolutism Absolutism The Enlightenment philosophes The Enlightenment philosophes-Montesquieu-Voltaire-Rousseau.

Events of 1791-1792Events of 1791-1792

The King’s flight to Austria and capture at The King’s flight to Austria and capture at Varennes (June 1791)Varennes (June 1791)

French declaration of war on Austria (April French declaration of war on Austria (April 1792)1792)

Austrian invasion of France, the search for Austrian invasion of France, the search for internal enemies, and radicalization of internal enemies, and radicalization of ParisParis

King and Assembly arrested by King and Assembly arrested by Sans-CulottesSans-Culottes (August 1792) (August 1792) September MassacresSeptember Massacres

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The National Convention and The National Convention and Radical Revolution (1792-1794)Radical Revolution (1792-1794)

Unicameral National Convention elected, Unicameral National Convention elected, monarchy abolished (September 1792)monarchy abolished (September 1792)

Rousseau inspired republic (the Rousseau inspired republic (the General General WillWill))

Robbespierre, the Committee of Public Robbespierre, the Committee of Public Safety, and the Reign of TerrorSafety, and the Reign of Terror

Purge of the Purge of the GirondinsGirondins and the and the

Hebertist Hebertist factionsfactions Suppression of Federalism Suppression of Federalism

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Jacobin RuleJacobin Rule Louis XVI (January 1793) and Marie Antoinette Louis XVI (January 1793) and Marie Antoinette

(October 1793) guillotined(October 1793) guillotined Sans-culottes and the Paris Commune Sans-culottes and the Paris Commune French Republic officially created French Republic officially created (September 1792)(September 1792) Levee en masseLevee en masse Revolutionary Calendar and festivalsRevolutionary Calendar and festivals De-ChristianizationDe-Christianization Maximum laws and press censorshipMaximum laws and press censorship State sponsored education State sponsored education Universal manhood suffrage (national elections)Universal manhood suffrage (national elections)

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The Thermidorian Reaction The Thermidorian Reaction (1794-1799)(1794-1799)

Robespierre guillotined, Jacobins Robespierre guillotined, Jacobins overthrownoverthrown

The Directory and the Constitution The Directory and the Constitution

of the Year III (moderate revolutionaries)of the Year III (moderate revolutionaries) Churches reappear, price controls end, Churches reappear, price controls end,

propertied assembly electedpropertied assembly elected Left and right uprisings against the Left and right uprisings against the

government require reliance upon the government require reliance upon the Army (Napoleon Bonaparte)Army (Napoleon Bonaparte)