The French Revolution CH. 7.2-5

The Assembly Reforms France

• National Assembly, declared:

1. All citizens (men) of France EQUAL.

2. Declaration of the Rights of Man • Copied from US Dec. of Ind. *Protect the

rights of the people.

– Freedom of speech, religion, equal rights, etc.

– Political document created by National Assembly

• 3 new political groups form within National Assembly:

1.Radicals (Jacobins): lots of change, no king

2.Moderates: small changes

3.Conservatives: don’t change anything! We like the king.

4.Parisians = residents of Paris, France

• Radicals (The Jacobins) dissolve National Assembly, new govt. called installed:

• National Convention (1792)

–Representative

–All citizens can vote

–King has no power

Jacobins Takes Over

• Jacobins execute the king – Use the guillotine

• War still continues – Many European forces against French Rev. to preserve monarchies

– National Convention drafts 300,000 men to fight

French Guillotine

Terror Grips France

• Max Robespierre (Jacobin) takes power in National Convention (1792)

• 2 Groups Form :

1. Republic of Virtue: eliminate all traces of old govts.

• Monarchy abolished

2. Committee of Public Safety • Executes 40,000 people who are

against the Republic of Virtue, or are suspected. – This period called the REIGN OF TERROR

• Queen executed

• No one is safe • Robespierre accuses many Jacobins

(enemies of the State)

End of the Terror

• Robespierre executed by his own people

• New government formed 1794 called:

– The Directory

• 5 male leaders

• 2 houses of legislature

• Appoint Napoleon Bonaparte as general… (oops)

7.3- Napoleon Forges an Empire

Napoleon Seizes Power

• Hero of the Hour:

– Joined the Army during the French Revolution

– Defended Paris against “Royalists” • People who supported the king

– Became famous through war victories

– Won many victories in Italy, Austria, and Sardinia

Napoleon

Coup d’Etat (How he came to power)

• New govt. (Directory) failed in 1799

• Returned to Paris

• Surrounds National Legislature with his army

• Coup d’Etat- Quick military takeover

– Runs off most of the members

– Those who remained dissolve directory

Napoleon Rules France

• (1800) Napoleon arranges a popular vote for his elected position of power – Called plebiscite:

• vote of the people

– Napoleon won with majority vote

– People wanted change, gave total power to Napoleon • Why?

Napoleon’s Reforms

(How he strengthened the French government)

1. NAPOLEONIC CODE: One set of laws for everyone

• Promoted order, authority over individual rights

– Restricted free speech and press,

Napoleon’s Reforms Cont.

(How He Strengthened The French government)

2. Fair tax system

3. Public schools (free for all)

4. Govt. Jobs based on merit, not family

5. Signed Concordat • Agreement with Pope to bring

back Catholicism to France…peasants happy!

Pope Pius VII of Rome

Napoleon Creates an Empire

• Goal: control ALL of Europe – Gave up French

territories in America • Sold Louisiana Purchase

to U. S. for:

–15 million dollars

–Use money to: »Conquer

Europe

• Battle of Trafalgar

– Attack GB by water! • Bad move. Britain is the world’s

dominant naval power

• GB took half the French Fleet

• France backs off from GB!

• 1812 – Extent of Napoleon’s empire

– Napoleon controls all of Europe (except GB)

Map

Govt. Power Shifts…

National Assembly

Jacobins establish National

Convention (Robespierre)

The Directory (failed)

Napoleon

Bonaparte

Reign of Terror

7.4- Napoleon’s Empire Collapses

Napoleon’s Costly Mistakes 1

• 1. The Continental System

– Failed to defeat GB,

economically

– Failed BLOCKADE

• Failed to block goods into GB

• GB remains a strong trading partner with all Europe

Naval Blockade

Mistake #2

• 2. Invading Portugal

– Had to march through Spain

• Spanish outraged

• Napoleon replaces the king of Spain with his brother

• Spanish guerillas fight Napoleon for six years in Spain

– Called: Peninsular Wars

– British sent help to defeat Napoleon

– Success of Spanish inspired other countries to fight for freedom (nationalism)

Biggest Mistake #3

• The Invasion of Russia (1812)

– Russia did not stop trading with GB

– Czar (leader) wanted to expand into Poland

– Napoleon invades with 420,000

– Czar retreats further into Russia, burns everything behind him

SCORCHED EARTH POLICY

» Why? What are the French troops living off of?

– Napoleon reaches capital, Moscow

» In flames, ¾ destroyed

– Napoleon decides to return to France

» WINTER NOW SETS IN

» Russians attack the French!

» ONLY 10,000 French soldiers make it out of Russia

Napoleon’s campaign thru Russia. 422,000 start campaign, 10,000 remain at the end.

Napoleon’s Downfall

– All of his enemies unite to attack him

– Napoleon surrenders his empire • Banished to the island of

Elba (1814)

Europeans sweeping Napoleon back to France.

The Hundred Days

• Louis XVIII takes power in France – People unhappy again

• Napoleon escapes Elba (1815) – People of France make him Emperor… AGAIN!

• Napoleon was in power for 100 days.

Napoleon’s Final Battle

– British and Prussians attack

• defeat Napoleon at Waterloo (Belgium)

– Exiled to island of St. Helena BY HIMSELF.

• Off African Coast

• Dies in 1821

Napoleon loses in Russia

Enemies unite to

attack; exile Bonaparte to

Elba

Napoleon escapes,

takes power for 100 days

in France

Waterloo sends

Napoleon into exile, St. Helena..dies

Congress of Vienna

7.5- The Congress of Vienna

…Back to Legislative Bodies

Metternich’s Plan for Europe

• Most decisions made by:

“power players” 1. Russia

2. Prussia

3. Austria

4. GB

5. France

– All are Monarchies, and want to stay Monarchies…. So much for democracy!

Klemens von Metternich plan

1) Contain France

2) Balance Power among all Euro nations including France

3) Restore leaders de-throned by Bonaparte…kings are back!

4) Alliances among European powers. Collective security. (Holy Alliance)

1. The Containment of France

• Make weak countries strong and unite them

– Creates new countries:

• Netherlands

• Ind. Switzerland

• Italy stronger

• Austria controls new Germany

• France can’t beat it’s neighbors now!

2. Balance of Power

• Make each country have equal power

– Even empower France, but just enough

– Limit military buildup

– Prevent war

3. Legitimacy

• Return conquered Royal families back to power

– Monarchs = peace

– Democracy Bad = Revolution

– Easier for Monarchs to lead

– System brought peace for 40 years!

• 4. Alliances: 1. Holy Alliance: Russia,

Prussia, Austria monarchies – Protect one another

no matter what

2. Concert of Europe: all other countries – Built by Metternich in

his PLAN.

3, 2, 1s (in complete sentences) (ET)

• Three things you found out 1) …do after notes in isn! (et) 2) 3)

• Two things you found interesting 1) 2)

• One question you still have

1)