By: Susan M. Pojer and By: Susan M. Pojer and Elizabeth AtchisonElizabeth Atchison

The French Monarchy:The French Monarchy:1775 - 17931775 - 1793

Marie Antoinette & Louis Marie Antoinette & Louis XVIXVI

Marie Marie AntoineAntoine

tte tte and the and the Royal Royal

ChildrenChildren

Let Them Eat Cake! Let Them Eat Cake!

Y Marie Antoinette NEVER said Marie Antoinette NEVER said that, but it was somewhat her that, but it was somewhat her attitudeattitude

Y ““Madame Deficit”Madame Deficit”Y ““The Austrian Whore”The Austrian Whore”

Problems leading to the Revolution

#1- MONEY

Socio-Economic Data, 1789Socio-Economic Data, 1789

The French Urban PoorThe French Urban Poor

01020304050607080

% of Income Spent on Bread

17871788

• Urban Urban Commoner’sCommoner’sBudget:Budget:– Food 80%Food 80%– Rent 25%Rent 25%– Tithe 10%Tithe 10%– Taxes 35%Taxes 35%– Clothing 20%Clothing 20%– TOTAL 170%TOTAL 170%

• King’s King’s Budget:Budget:– Interest 50%Interest 50%– Army 25%Army 25%– Versailles Versailles

25%25%– Coronation Coronation

10%10%– Loans 25%Loans 25%– Admin. 25%Admin. 25%– TOTAL 160%TOTAL 160%

Financial ProblemsFinancial Problemsin France, 1789in France, 1789

Where is the tax Where is the tax money?money?

Which estates are represented?

Problems leading to the Revolution

#2- Voting

Commoners3rd Estate

Aristocracy2nd Estate

Clergy1st Estate

The Suggested Voting Pattern:The Suggested Voting Pattern:Voting by EstatesVoting by Estates

11

1

Commoners3rd Estate

Aristocracy2nd Estate

Clergy1st Estate

The Number of RepresentativesThe Number of Representativesin the Estates General: Vote by Head!in the Estates General: Vote by Head!

300300

648

Convening the Estates General Convening the Estates General May, 1789May, 1789

Last time it was called into session was 1614!Last time it was called into session was 1614!

““The Third Estate Awakens”The Third Estate Awakens”

Problems leading to the Revolution

# 3- The quest for equality

The National Assembly and the Tennis Court Oath

““The Tennis Court The Tennis Court Oath”Oath”

by Jacques Louis Davidby Jacques Louis David

June 20, 1789June 20, 1789

Problems leading to the Revolution

#4- Absolute power for the King

Lettres de CachetLettres de CachetY The French king could The French king could

warrantwarrantimprisonment or death in imprisonment or death in aasigned letter under his signed letter under his seal.seal.

Y A A carte-blanchecarte-blanche warrant. warrant.

Y Cardinal Fleury issued Cardinal Fleury issued 80,00080,000during the reign of Louis during the reign of Louis XV!XV!Y Eliminated in 1790.Eliminated in 1790.

The People Take Action July 14

• The Storming of the Bastille- – Rumors started that the King was trying to get

rid of the National Assembly– People gathered weapons to defend

themselves– Charged into the Bastille, a prison– Killed guards and released political prisoners– This event is remembered like our July 4th

Storming the Bastille,Storming the Bastille,July 14, 1789July 14, 1789

The Great Fear:The Great Fear:Peasant RevoltPeasant Revolt

July 20, 1789

• As the poor around France heard about the turmoil in Paris, attacks started in other areas against the rich

• Louis 16th was called for by the people to leave Versailles and come to Paris

• DOOM!

March of the Women, October 5-March of the Women, October 5-6, 17896, 1789

Anger over BREADAnger over BREAD

We want the baker, the baker’s wife We want the baker, the baker’s wife and the baker’s boy!and the baker’s boy!

National Constituent AssemblyNational Constituent Assembly1789 - 17911789 - 1791

August DecreesAugust DecreesAugust 4-11, 1789August 4-11, 1789

The Battle Cry of the PoorThe Battle Cry of the Poor

Liberté!

Egalité!Fraterni

té!

V Equality & Equality & MeritocracyMeritocracy

The Tricolor (1789)The Tricolor (1789)

The WHITE of the The WHITE of the Bourbons + the Bourbons + the RED & BLUE of RED & BLUE of

Paris.Paris.

Citizen!

The The TricoloTricolo

r is r is the the

FashioFashionn!!

The “Liberty Cap”: The “Liberty Cap”: Bonne RougeBonne Rouge

The Declaration of the The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of Rights of Man and of

the Citizenthe Citizen

August August 26, 26, 17891789

Planting the Tree of LibertyPlanting the Tree of Liberty

17901790

The Confiscation of Church LandsThe Confiscation of Church Lands

Church lands were taken and Church lands were taken and sold to pay off French debts sold to pay off French debts

17901790

AssignatsAssignats

V New Money Issued by the National New Money Issued by the National Constituent Assembly.Constituent Assembly.

Louis XVI and His Family Try to Escape

• When Louis was called for to Paris, he was advised his family was in danger

• They tried to make a run for it to the Netherlands

• They are captured and brought to France, and now are HATED even more!

Louis XVI “Accepts” the Constitution Louis XVI “Accepts” the Constitution & the National Assembly. 1791& the National Assembly. 1791

• He is forced to accept the new rules to how he will govern

• Many of his rights are taken away

• Much money and power is taken away

• This is the beginning of the end for Louis

The French Constitution of 1791:The French Constitution of 1791:A Bourgeois GovernmentA Bourgeois Government

Y The king got the The king got the “suspensive” “suspensive” vetoveto [which prevented the [which prevented the passage of laws for 4 years].passage of laws for 4 years]. ** he could not pass laws. he could not pass laws. ** his ministers were his ministers were responsible responsible for their for their actions.actions.

Y A permanent, elected, single A permanent, elected, single chamber chamber National Assembly.National Assembly. ** had the power to grant had the power to grant taxation.taxation.

ANDANDRepresented more of the Represented more of the people!people!