The French and Indian War

New France• French settlements in the New World– Based around St. Lawrence River–Mostly Male, no families – Strong and peaceful ties with Native

Americans• Fur Trade Post• Jesuit Missions

– The Society of Jesus– Catholic Counter-Reformation purpose – No military support

• Marriage • Exception is the Iroquois

Seven Years War

• England and France like to fight – 1689 to 1763 Four Great Wars

• War of the League of Augsburg• War of the Spanish Succession• War of the Austrian Succession • Seven Years War (1754-1763)

– Global War between France and England– French and Indian War North American Front– French and their Native American Allies vs.

England

– The wars left the colonies unhappy with English Policies• Economic Cost • Political Cost

The Ohio Company

• Dispute over Ohio Valley Territory– Historical French and Indian Claim

• Ohio Company – Territory Claim by King George of

England– Over crowded Virginia

• George Washington– Negotiate Peace and Establish Fort– Fort Duquesne – Ambush with Iroquois Allies – Fort Necessity

• War Began

General Edward Braddock• Send to liberate Ohio Territory– George Washington Aide

• French/Indian Guerrilla Tactics– Ojibwa Warrior Dress

• Braddock Killed– British Survivors Burnt at Stake–Washington exiled to Virginia

backwoods

William Pitt• New Leader of British Forces – British Losing War

• American First Policy– Troop buildup – Colonist Militia

• Iroquois Decision– Traditionally played British and French

against each and stayed neutral– Changed outcome of war

• Fort Duquesne– Capture renamed Fort Pitt

7

Battle for Quebec• Decisive Battle of the War – General James Wolfe (British)• Siege of Quebec• Climbed cliffs behind Quebec to attack• Died in Battle

– General Louis Joseph de Montcalm (French)• Fierce protection of Quebec • Died in battle

– English Victory • Full scale European Battle

– News of battle outcome spread– French sued for peace 7

Treaty of Paris• Peace Treaty Ended War– New World an English Empire• Given Indian Territory

– Control Indian Affairs– Harsh Stance Against Indians– Caused conflict between Indians and English

– Ended French Empire in New world • Gave up all possessions east of Mississippi

– Kept New Orleans

• French Culture Still Remained in St. Lawrence River Basin (French Canadian)

Pontiac’s Rebellion• Indians Protested Harsh British Rule– Retribution for supporting French• Became violent, captured most of British

Forts in the Ohio Valley

• Ottawa Chief Pontiac lead successful rebellion– Claimed French had no claim to territory– General Jeffery Amherst• Smallpox Blankets• Germ Warfare• Indians overwhelmed with disease

– British View – Indians Savage