Do Now! What is matter? What are the four states of matter? Compare the states of matter.
The Four States of Matter Four States Solid Liquid Gas Plasma STATES OF MATTER.
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Transcript of The Four States of Matter Four States Solid Liquid Gas Plasma STATES OF MATTER.
Based upon particle arrangementBased upon energy of particles
Based upon distance between particles
STATES OF MATTER
STATES OF MATTERSOLIDS
•Particles of solids are tightly packed, vibrating about a fixed position.
•Solids have a defiite shape and a definite volume. Heat
STATES OF MATTERLIQUID
Particles of liquids are tightly packed, but are
far enough apart to slide over one another.
Liquids have an indefinite shape and a
definite volume.
Heat
STATES OF MATTERGAS
Particles of gases are very far apart and move freely.
Gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite
volume. Heat
Evaporation =
Condensation =
Melting =
Freezing =
Sublimation =
Liquid -> Gas
Gas -> Liquid
Solid -> Liquid
Liquid -> Solid
Solid -> Gas
F. PHASE CHANGES – PHYSICAL
PHASE CHANGES
Description of Phase Change
Term for Phase Change
Heat Movement DuringPhase Change
Solid to liquid
MeltingHeat goes into the solid as it melts.
Liquid to solid
FreezingHeat leaves the liquid as it freezes.
PHASE CHANGES
Description of Phase Change
Term for Phase Change
Heat Movement During Phase Change
Liquid to gas
Vaporization, which includes boiling and evaporation
Heat goes into the liquid as it vaporizes.
Gas to liquid
CondensationHeat leaves the gas as it condenses.
Solid to gas SublimationHeat goes into the solid as it sublimates.
BUT WHAT HAPPENS IF YOU RAISE THE TEMPERATURE TO
SUPER-HIGH LEVELS…BETWEEN
1000°C AND 1,000,000,000°C ?
Will everything just be a gas?
STATES OF MATTERPLASMA
A plasma is an ionized gas.
A plasma is a very good conductor of electricity and is
affected by magnetic fields.
Plasmas, like gases have an indefinite
shape and an indefinite volume.
• Plasma is the common state of matter
STATES OF MATTER
SOLID LIQUID GAS PLASMA
Tightly packed, in a regular pattern
Vibrate, but do not move from place
to place
Close together with no regular arrangement.Vibrate, move
about, and slide past each other
Well separated with no regular arrangement.
Vibrate and move freely at high
speeds
Has no definite volume or shape and is composed
of electrical charged particles
Signs of a Chemical Change
change in color or odor
formation of a gas
formation of a precipitate (solid)
change in light or heat
G. CHEMICAL CHANGES
Examples:
rusting iron
dissolving in water
burning a log
melting ice
grinding spices
H. PHYSICAL VS. CHEMICAL CHANGES
chemical
physical
chemical
physical
physical
Match: (1) solid, (2) liquid, or (3) gas.
____ A. Has a definite volume, but shape of the container.
____ B. Its particles are moving rapidly.
____ C. Fills the volume of a container.
____ D. Particles are in a fixed structure.
____ E. Particles are close together, but
mobile.
LEARNING CHECK S1
21
Heat = g water x 80. cal g water
= g water x 334 J
g waterHow much heat in calories is
needed to melt 15.0 g of water?
15.0 g water x 80. cal = 1200 cal
1 g water
HEAT CALCULATION FOR FUSION
22
A. Why does the temperature of ice stay at 0°C while the ice melts?
B. How much heat in joules is needed to melt 1.00 g of ice of 0°C?
1) 1.00 J 2) 100 J 3) 334 J
C. How many joules of heat are released when 100.0 g of water at 0°C freezes (0°C)? 1) 3.34 J 2) 3340 J 3) 33,400
J
LEARNING CHECK CS2
23
A. Why does the temperature of ice stay at 0°C while the ice melts?
Energy goes into the change of state.
B. How much heat in joules is needed to melt 1.00 g of ice of 0°C?
3) 334 J
C. How many joules of heat are released when 100.0 g of water at 0°C freezes (0°C)?
3) 33,400 J
SOLUTION CS2
24
Amount of heat needed to change 1 gram of liquid to gas at its boiling point
Boiling (Condensing) Point of Water = 100°C
Heat of Vaporization (water) = 2260 J/g
HEAT OF VAPORIZATION
25
A. Ice cubes in a warm drink will
1) melt 2) freeze 3) not change
B. The liquid drink _________ energy.
1) loses 2) gains 3) does not change
C. The ice ___________energy.
1) loses 2) gains 3) does not change
D. The final temperature of the ice and liquid is
1) the same 2) different
LEARNING CHECK CS4
26
A. Ice cubes in a warm drink will 1) melt
B. The liquid drink 1) loses energy.
C. The ice 2) gains energy.
D. The final temperature of the ice and liquid is 1) the same
SOLUTION CS4
27
Although chemical changes occur, mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction
Mass of reactants equals mass of products
I. LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS REVIEW FROM BALANCING CR CH. 11
massreactants = massproductsts
A + B C
In an experiment, 10.00 g of red mercury (II) oxide powder is placed in an open flask and heated until it is converted to
liquid mercury and oxygen gas. The liquid mercury has a mass of 9.26 g. What is the mass of the oxygen formed in the
reaction?
I. CONSERVATION OF MASS
Mercury (II) oxide mercury + oxygenMmercury(II) oxide = 10.00 gMmercury = 9.26Moxygen = ?
GIVEN:Mercury (II) oxide mercury + oxygen
Mmercury(II) oxide = 10.00 g
Mmercury = 9.86 g
Moxygen = ?
WORK:10.00 g = 9.86 g + moxygen
Moxygen = (10.00 g – 9.86 g)
Moxygen = 0.14 g
massreactants = massproducts