The Formation of Western Europe

Chapter 14-Sections 3-4Cliff’s Notes Version

Section 3-England and France Develop

England Absorbs Waves of Invaders

• Early Invasions-– During the 800’s

England was invaded by Danish Vikings

– United kingdom’s began to unite and started calling England “Land of the Angels”

England’s Evolving Government• England’s New Goals

– 1st- Keep and gain more French land

– 2nd- Strengthen their power over Nobles and the Church

• Magna Carta-– “Great Document” that

granted certain political rights– No taxation without

representation, trial by jury, protection of the law

England

France

England and France

(Yes England is an island)

France Becomes a Separate Kingdom

• Estates General- – The assembling of the Third

Estate in which commoners, wealthy landholders and Philip assembled a council

• Helped increase royal power over nobility

• Failed to limit the power of the king

• Beginnings of democracy in England and France

Section 4-The Hundred Years’ War and the Plague

The Bubonic Plague Strikes• The Bubonic Plague- A

deadly epidemic (disease) that killed about 1/3rd of Europe– Origins and Impact of the Plague-

• Began in Asia and received its name the Black Death from the purplish black bumps on the skin

• Took four years to cross Europe• Millions who caught it died• Flees came to Europe from India

riding the backs of rats

The Bubonic Plague Strikes

• Effects of the Plague-– Population declined– Trade declined– Serfs left to find a

better living– Jews were blamed for

the plague– Church lost prestige

when their prayers failed to stop the plague

The Hundreds Year War

• The Hundreds Year War-– Conflict launched by Edward III in

1337 A.D. to capture the French throne. These battles were fought off and on until 1453.

– French pushed the English out of France

– The Hundred Years’ War changed European warfare

• Longbow allowed for thousands of arrows to be rained down upon the French by archers

The Hundreds Year War

• Impact of the Hundreds’ Year War-– Feeling of nationalism emerges

in England and France– Power of the French Monarchy

increases– End of the Hundreds’ Year War

= the End of the Middle Ages• b/c religious devotion and

code of chivalry crumbled

The Hundreds Year War

• Joan of Arc-

– 1429- Joan a young peasant girl felt a call from God to rescue France from English conquerors

• Led them to victory in the battle near Orleans

– Charles VII was crowned king• Did nothing to save her

– She was captured and burned as a witch