THE FORGOTTEN WARFirst Hot War of the Cold War: Korea, 1950-1953

1. Define “containment.”

2. Speculate whether or not containment will be an effective international policy. Explain in at least 3 – 4 sentences.

Quickwrite

Background: China

Communist Mao Zedong high morale from

army & people

containment fails

Nationalist Government Chiang Kai-shek corrupt, inefficient

support from the U.S. NOT troops

1949: Chiang fled to Taiwan

North South

Maps are Helpful (even when they’re simple)

Taiwan Korea

Background: Korea

Japan had ruled Korea since 1910 1943: Cairo Conference: Korea would

remain free and independent Chaing Kai-shek (China) Winston Churchill (Great Britain) Franklin Delano Roosevelt (USA)

Korea After WWII

North South

surrender to the Soviets

Democratic People’s Republic of Korea supported by:

People’s Republic of China & Soviet Union

occupied by: Soviet troops

surrender to the Americans

Republic of Korea supported by:

United Nations occupied by:

American troops

1949 National Election

failed to hold a free election North: communist South: democratic

each side wanted unity but under their own form of government

The War (1)

June 25, 1950: North Korea marches across the 38th parallel Soviet Union gave military supplies to

North Korea and China

QW: Why did the Soviets come to the rescue of the North Koreans?Explain in at least 2 -3 sentences.

The War (2)

U.N. Security Council votes to assist South Korea will not take any

territory 16 nations send

troops led by American

General Douglas Mac Arthur

bulk of air and naval support came from US Truman only wanted to

contain communism

The War (3)

North Korea captured capital of Seoul

counterattack forced half of North Korean troops to surrender MacArthur becomes a national hero

The War (4)

UN & South Korean forces advance to the 38th parallel October 1950: UN advises MacArthur to

cross the 38th parallel November 1950: push North Koreans back

close to the Yalu River Chinese troops entered North Korea

drive UN forces back recapture Seoul

The War (5)

MacArthur wants to extend the war into China suggests dropping an atomic bomb in China wanted to completely destroy communism

Truman says … NO! “It is the wrong war in the

wrong place at the wrong time”-Gen. Omar Bradley

cans MacArthur for insubordination

QW: What might have happened if Truman allowed the bombing of China with an atomic bomb?

Fighting the War

fight continues for two years fought with infantry attacks followed by air bombing raids January 1951 - July 1953: trenches dug See! Maps are Fun!

QW: Describe what happens in 2 – 3 sentences.

Armistice

July 27, 1953 war ends in a stalemate

38th parallel divides North Korea and South Korea

Korean Demilitarized Zone 2.5 mile wide buffer zone

U.N. Troops have to evacuate islands off North Korea

Box Score

Killed in Action 54, 246 Americans 3,000 UN troops 50,000 South Koreans 1.5 million North Koreans & Chinese

Outcome

objective of containment successful US and U.S.S.R.’s negative feelings

escalated North Korea communist: poor

economically and socially South Korea democratic: booming

economy first time international team fought in

another nation’s war

Which one of the following was NOT a result of U.S. involvement in the Korean War?

The principle of containment was extended.

The U.S. and the People’s Republic of China became unwavering enemies.

There was a heightened commitment to Southeast Asia.

The containment principle was repudiated as a viable policy.

Containment had been extended toward perversion.

Make it Stick

Why is the Korean War called “The Forgotten War?”

Explain in at least 3 to 4 sentences.