The Forgotten Practices THE FORGOTTEN PRACTICES THAT HELP SAVE WATER ON THE FARM BY RICH CASALE USDA...
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Transcript of The Forgotten Practices THE FORGOTTEN PRACTICES THAT HELP SAVE WATER ON THE FARM BY RICH CASALE USDA...
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The Forgotten Practices
THE FORGOTTEN PRACTICESTHAT HELP SAVE WATER ON THE FARM
BY RICH CASALE USDA NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE
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Background
Many if not most water conservation efforts and programs concentrate on
irrigation practices, improving irrigation system efficiencies, system conversions and all sorts of water management and
monitoring methods.
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Guess What?
There are many other practices (often overlooked by growers) that can help reduce irrigation water use and/or save water on the
farm
(especially when used together)
I like to refer to these practices as
“The Forgotten Practices”
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Farm Issues Affecting Use of Water on the Farm
Soil Compaction (crusting, clay/tillage pans)
Soil Type and/or Land Instability
Affects of Wind on Irrigation Uniformity & Erosion
Sea Water Intrusion
Energy Costs
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Farm Issues Affecting Use of Water on the Farm
Fertility Management Costs
Crop Pests
Reduced Water Supply
Site Challenges including Topography
Runoff and Drainage
Other (Food Safety, Water Quality, species, etc.)
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The Forgotten PracticesThat Help Save Water
Management
Vegetative
Structural
Combination
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Management Practices That Help Save Water
Seasonal & Permanent Fallowing
Crop Rotation
Row Arrangement/Field Lay-out
No or Reduce Tillage
Land Smoothing/Leveling
Mulching
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Management Practices That Help Save Water
Switch to a Lower Water Using or Non-
Irrigated Crop or Crop Variety Match Crop with Soil, Terrain and Micro-climate
Timely Monitoring and Maintenance
Other Soil Health Management Practices Composting, Crop Residue Use, Soil Fertility Mgt.,
etc.
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Management Practices How Management Practices Help Save Water
Management practices improve soil health
Healthy soils use less water. Soils higher in organic matter generally have better infiltration & water holding capacity
Practices that limit soil disturbance and retain crop residue improve soil moisture retention and reduce top soil loss
Practices that build soil aggregates and put pore spaces back into the soil improve water infiltration and retention resulting in higher water holding capacity, less runoff and chance of erosion
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Vegetative Practices That Help Save Water
Cover Crops
Furrow Bottom Seeding
Permanent Cover
Road Seeding
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Vegetative Practices That Help Save Water
Windbreaks
Hedgerows
Critical Area Plantings
Buffer and Filter Strips
Bio Swales and Grass Waterways
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Vegetative Practices How Plants Help Save Water
Increase Infiltration
Reduce & Slow Runoff
Prevent Erosion of Top Soil
Reduce Evaporation
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Vegetative Practices How Plants Help Save Water
Improve Soil Structure and Reduce Compaction
Increase Organic Matter
Can Improve Soil Water Holding Capacity *
*Note: Depends on site
Improve Uniformity by Reducing Effects of Wind
Note: Select Drought Tolerant Plants
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Structural Practices That Help Save/Produce Water
Water/Waste Treatment/Purification
Subsurface Drainage
Tail Water Recovery
Diversions
Underground Outlets
Spring Developments
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Structural Practices That Help Save/Produce Water
Recharge Basins
Sediment Basins
Irrigation Ponds & Reservoirs (Tanks & Liners)
Water Harvesting SystemsOffset/reduce or eliminate use of well water &
demand on groundwater supply
And (of course) various irrigation system improvements
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Structural Practices How Structures Help Save/Produce Water
Capture & store rainwater and runoff
Convey or redirect runoff & irrigation water
Retain or detain storm water runoff & reduce erosion
Spread or dissipate water to increase soil infiltration
Recycle & reuse tail water or storm water runoff
Helps keep clean water clean so that it can be reused
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Combining Practices To Help Save/Produce Even More Water
When management, vegetative and structural practices are installed to compliment one another even more water can be saved or produced on the farm such as:
Plant a soil building cover crop in a seasonally fallowed crop rotation
Install a windbreak along with row arrangement and/or land smoothing to improve irrigation uniformity and reduce soil erosion
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Combining Practices To Help Save/Produce Even More Water
Change to a lower water using crop, match the crop to the soil, and install a storm water retention or detention basin
Use the natural landscape and site drainage characteristics along with row arrangement and field lay out to reduce irrigation water use
Improve water holding capacity with reduced tillage, crop residue use and mulching/composting
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The Forgotten PracticesOther Benefits
Protect & Improve Soil Health & Fertility
Improve Crop Quality & Production
Reduce Erosion & Related Expenses
Reduce Food Safety Concerns
Reduce Operating Costs (energy, fertilizer…)
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The Forgotten PracticesOther Benefits
Improve Aesthetics of Farm & Property Values
Regulatory Compliance
Help Insure Agricultural Sustainability
Reduce Liability & Neighbor Complaints; Improve Worker Safety; Reduce Maintenance Costs…
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The Forgotten PracticesTechnical & Financial Assistance
NRCS Conservation Planning & Practice Design
Environmental Quality Incentive
Program (EQIP) & Other Farm Bill Incentive Programs
Resource Conservation District &
Other Conservation Partner Assistance
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For More Information
USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service
www.ca.nrcs.usda.gov