The 'FluxSAP 2010' hydroclimatological experimental ... · • 3Laboratoire de mécanique des...
Transcript of The 'FluxSAP 2010' hydroclimatological experimental ... · • 3Laboratoire de mécanique des...
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11th EMS, Berlin, 12-16 September 2011
The 'FluxSAP 2010' hydroclimatological
experimental campaign
over an heterogeneous urban area
presented by Yves Brunet
EPHYSE, INRA, Bordeaux, France
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The FluxSAP team
P. Mestayer1,3, I. Bagga3, I. Calmet3, G. Fontanilles3, D. Gaudin3, J. H. Lee3, T. Piquet3,
J.-M. Rosant3, K. Chancibault2, L. Lebouc2, L. Letellier2, M.-L. Mosini2, F. Rodriguez2,
J.-M. Rouaud2, M. Sabre4, Y. Tétard4, A. Brut5, J.-L. Selves5, P.-A. Solignac5, Y. Brunet6,
S. Dayau6, M. Irvine6, J.-P. Lagouarde6, Z. Kassouk7, P. Launeau7, O. Connan8,
P. Defenouillère8, M. Goriaux8, D. Hébert8, B. Letellier8, D. Maro8, G. Najjar9, F. Nerry9,
C. Quentin9, R. Biron10, J.-M. Cohard10, J. Galvez11, P. Klein11
• 1Institut de recherche en sciences et techniques de la ville (IRSTV), FR CNRS 2488, BP 92101, Nantes,
France
• 2Département géotechnique, eau et risques (GER), IFSTTAR, Bouguenais, France
• 3Laboratoire de mécanique des fluides (LMF), UMR CNRS 6598, École Centrale de Nantes, France
• 4Département climatologie, aérodynamique, pollution et épuration (CAPE), CSTB, Nantes, France
• 5Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), UMR CNRS 5126, Toulouse, France
• 6Ecologie fonctionnelle et physique de l’environnement, UR1263 EPHYSE, INRA, Villenave d'Ornon,
France
• 7Laboratoire de planétologie et géodynamique de Nantes (LPGN), UMR CNRS 6112, Nantes, France
• 8Laboratoire de radioécologie de Cherbourg-Octeville (LRC), IRSN, Cherbourg, France
• 9Laboratoire des sciences de l'image de l'informatique et de la télédétection (LSIIT), UMR CNRS 7005,
Strasbourg, France
• 10Laboratoire d'étude des transferts en hydrologie et environnement (LTHE), UMR CNRS 5564,
Grenoble, France
• 11School of Meteorology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73072 USA
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The context
VegDUD: the role of vegetation in sustainable urban development
Funded by the French National Research Agency (2010-2013)
Understanding and quantitatively assessing the impact of vegetation
in present and future urban development projects
Mixed urban areas (built, unbuilt, green surfaces)
Climatology, hydrology, energy control, environment
Location: city of Nantes, around the permanent observation site of
IRSTV ('Pin Sec' district)
Two ground and airborne measurement 'FluxSAP' campaigns:
2010, 2012
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The objectives
FluxSAP objective: obtain reference data
for evaluating urban hydrology and microclimate models
for assessing quantitatively the role of vegetation on urban
climate
FluxSAP 2010 objective: test the methods allowing
to measure sensible heat and water vapour fluxes over a
heterogeneous urban district
to spatialize the measurements, taking into account landuse
heterogeneity
to test footprint models over an urban area
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Loire river
Erdre river
Nantes region
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'Pin Sec' measurement area
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10 eddy covariance sensor systems
S
M
B
C
G E
W
D
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5 LAS, 1 SAS
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14 T-RH sensors at z = 2-3 m
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10 piezometers, 8 T- profiles
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Set-up summary
● T-RH (2 m)
⇑ EC mast
–– Scintillo
☐ GIS limits
Ground-based measurements
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Airborne (13 flights) and handheld (140 refs) TIR
TIR measurements
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20 flight lines
Hyspex sensor and inertial plateform
Hyperspectral airborne measurements
VNIR (400-1000 nm)
160 bands (4 nm)
0.6 m resolution
SWIR (1000-2500 nm)
256 bands (6 nm)
1.2 m resolution
95 ground measts
portable spectrometer
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Meteo mast Tethered balloon
Emission sites
30 passive tracer dispersion experiments
Balloon DIAPEG
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The meteorology (26 April – 7 june)
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Temperature and humidity gradients
from T-RH and surface sensors
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
21-mai 22-mai 23-mai 24-mai 25-mai
hum
idité a
ir
(%)
10 11 12
13 14 15
16 17 18
19 Dunant
10
15
20
25
30
35
21-mai 22-mai 23-mai 24-mai 25-mai
tem
péra
ture
s a
ir
(°C
)
10 11 12
13 14 15
16 17 18
19 Dunant
Taupe 3
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
21-mai 22-mai 23-mai 24-mai 25-mai
Te
mp
éra
ture
s (
°C
)
Temp. air
surface
- 5 cm
- 35 cm
- 1 m
4 K 18 %
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150 Wm-2
Heat flux measurements
with EC turbulent sensors
-100
0
100
200
300
400
500
1-May 6-May 11-May 16-May 21-May 26-May 31-May
date
se
nsib
le h
ea
t flu
x (
W m
-2)
G site_26 m G site_21 m E site_20 m M site_10m S site_32 m rain
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Heat flux measurements
with LAS scintillometers
300 Wm-2
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Preliminary conclusions
• Differences between measurement techniques but good
coherence between sites
• Differences between sites linked with different
distributions of land cover (buildings, pavement, bare
soil, high and low vegetation)
• Footprint analysis should allow us to identify the various
flux contributions and quantify the influence of
vegetation
Mestayer et al. (2011). Urban Climate News, 40:22-30 (www.urban-climate.org)
Mestayer et al. (2011). La Météorologie, 73:33-43 (www.smf.asso.fr)
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Further analysis : the footprint issue
turbulent flux sensor
source area or footprint
wind U
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Further analysis : the footprint issue
turbulent flux sensor
wind U L and D = f(z, z0, U, z/L…)
D L
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Preparation for May-June 2012 campaign
More variable land cover within footprint
More EC masts over vegetated urban areas
More H2O turbulent sensors (Li-Cor)
More differentiated LAS paths (mineral, vegetal, mixed)
1 or 2 water vapour scintillometers?
Measure PTUV profile (0-150 m) with tethered balloon
Monitor water table (soil moisture profile)
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11th EMS, Berlin, 12-16 September 2011
Thank you