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Transcript of The Fluorescene Penetrant Agent Manufacture and Its ... · The manufactured fluorescent Penetrant...
17th World Conference on Nondestructive Testing, 25-28 Oct 2008, Shanghai, China
The Fluorescence Penetrant Agent Manufacture and Its
Wastewater Treatment
Zhenwang LIN 1 Zhenlu CHEN 1 Dongsheng LI 2 Jiangpai LI 3 Zhonglin CHEN 1 1Xiamen Jimei Xincheng NDT Manage Department
Rm.103,No.13,Fangzhi Road,Xinglin,Jimei District,Xiamen 361022, China Tel:86-592-5287678.Fax:86-592-6259989
E-Mail : [email protected]; E-Mail :[email protected] 2Honeywell TAECO Aerospace (Xiamen) Co.,Ltd , Xiamen, China
E-Mail :[email protected] 3Xiamen Airline Company Limited, Xiamen, China
Abstract
The author had spent decades in theoretical research and experiments in manufacturing water washable types and post emulsifiable fluorescence penetration
agent、emulsifiers、developers of various types etc. Thus the performance of this product
complied with the specification and requirements of People Republic of China aerospace industry standard HB7681-2000 and US aerospace material specification AMS 2644E standard. The Index performance of some product peers excelled and achieved international standards compared with similar product types. The author researched and explored the product in wastewater treatment with fluorescence penetration test process. By separation of oil from water and emulsion breakage and then finally achieving transparency and clear of the water. The wastewater of C O DCr value ranged from 10000 to 20000. After primary treatment, the clear water of C O DCr value reduced between 50 to 300. Whereby achieving an environmental protection level 3 effluent standards. The waste oil can be further reused optimized by further treatment.
Key word: fluorescence penetrant agent; performance; wastewater treatment; resource recovery
1. Introduction
The author had written several thesis related to penetrate topics(1)(2)(3)and
conducted laboratory experiments and theoretical researches for decades and had researched and manufactured water washable types and post emulsifiable types
fluorescence penetrate agent、emulsifiers、developers etc. product series. The product
performance complied with the specification and requirements of People Republic of China aerospace industry standard HB7681-2000 and US aerospace material specification AMS 2644E standard. The Index performance of some product peers
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excelled and achieved international standards compared with similar product types. The author researched and explored the product in wastewater treatment with fluorescence penetration test process. By separation of oil from water and emulsion breakage and oil removal, oxidation mixed coagulant adsorption and filtration process and then finally achieving transparency and clear of water. Through separation of oil and water then emulsion breaking to removing oil ,oxidation degration, and filtration so as to achieve clear and transparency in the water. Whereby achieving an environmental protection level 3 effluent standards.
2. Fluorescence Penetrant agent research and manufacture: 2.1. Fluorescence Penetrant agent manufacture reference materials and test block
US Magnaflux Company :ZL-60D(fluorescence water washable type level 2) 、
ZL-67(fluorescence water washable type level 3) 、ZL-56(fluorescence water washable
type level 4).Germany Ardrox : 985-P13 (fluorescence post emulsifiable type level
3)ZL-27A(fluorescence post emulsifiable type level 3) and US Met-L-Chek:
FP-92B(fluorescence water washable type level 2) 、 FP-923B(fluorescence water
washable type level 3) 、FP-95A(fluorescence post emulsifiable type level 3) 、
FP-97A(fluorescence post emulsifiable type level 4) . E-58D emulsifier、 D-72A
developer which optimized the five spots type (twin block test) from US Sherwin Company and engaged into similar experiments for contrasting purposes.
2.2. Contents of experiments and results
Having conducting researches and manufacturing samples of water washable type and post emulsifiable type fluorescence Penetrant agent and the results reflected similar effects regardless in speedy removal, background removal, crack spots fluorescence brightness were almost equivalent in contrasted with other US samples as well as experiment in working conditions. The products were odour-free, close cup flash point
>93℃. Penetrant agent would not solidified in freezing temperature of below 0℃.
Corrosion test, water tolerance(method A only), emulsifier test, developer test etc. too
complied with with with with specifications and requirements. Detailed contents as shown in table 1-5:
Table.1 Fluorescence water washable type level 2
No Design-
tion Character
Specific Gravity
Freezing point
Viscosity Flash Point
Water
Tolerance
1 FA-2-1 Yellow-green
liquid 0.925 <0℃ 12cst >93℃ >5%
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2 FA-2-2 Yellow-green
liquid 0.937 <0℃ 12.9cst >93℃ >5%
Removability and Sensitivity Contrast Test Corrosion Test
No.
Reference
Material Reference
Block Wash
Speed
Remove
Back-
ground
Crack spot
Fluorescent
Brightness
Al
Alloy
Mg
Alloy
Steel
1 Mag.ZL60D Sher.Dt.ww Equal Equal Equal Acc Acc Acc
2 Mag.ZL60D Sher.Dt.ww Equal Equal Equal Acc Acc Acc
Table 2 Fluorescence water washable type level 3
No Design-
tion Character
Specific
Gravity
Freezing
point Viscosity
Flash
Point
Water
Tolerance
1 FA-3-1 Yellow-green liquid 0.956 <0℃ 13cst >93℃ >5%
2 FA-3-2 Yellow-green liquid 0.97 <0℃ 16.2cst >93℃ >5%
Removability and Sensitivity Contrast Test Corrosion Test
No.
Reference
Material
Reference
Block
Wash
Spee
d
Remove
Background
Crack spot
Fluorescent
Brightness
Al
Alloy
Mg
Alloy
Steel
1 Met-L.923B Sher.Dt.ww Equal Equal Equal Acc Acc Acc
2 Met-L.923B Sher.Dt.ww Equal Equal Equal Acc Acc Acc
Table 3. Fluorescence water washable type level 4
No Design-
tion Character
Specific
Gravity
Freezing
point Viscosity
Flash
Point
Water
Tolerance
1 FA-4-1 Yellow-green
liquid 0.94 <0℃ 14cst >93℃ >5%
2 FA-4-2 Yellow-green
liquid 0.99 <0℃ 16.2cst >93℃ >5%
Removability and Sensitivity Contrast Test Corrosion Test
No Reference
Material
Reference
Block
Wash
Speed
Remove
Back-
ground
Crack spot
Fluorescent
Brightness
Al
Alloy
Mg
Alloy
Steel
1 Mag.ZL56 Sher.Dt.ww Equal Equal Equal Acc Acc Acc
2 Mag.ZL56 Sher.Dt.ww Equal Equal Equal Acc Acc Acc
Table 4. Fluorescence post emulsifiable type level 3 (hydrophilic)
No Design- Character Specific Freezing Viscosity Flash Emulsi-
- 4 -
tion Gravity point Point fier
1 FD-3-1 Yellow-green liquid
0.94 <0℃ 6.8cst >93℃ E1
2 FA-3-2 Yellow-green liquid
0.98 <0℃ 9.7cst >93℃ E1
Removability and Sensitivity Contrast Test Corrosion Test
No Reference
Material
Reference
Block
Wash
Speed
Remove
Back-
ground
Crack spot
Fluorescent
Brightness
Al
Alloy
Mg
Alloy
Steel
1 Ard.985-P13 Sher.Dt.PE Equal Equal ≥985-P13
Acc Acc Acc
2 Ard.985-P13 Sher.Dt.PE Equal Equal ≥985-P13
Acc Acc Acc
Table 5. Fluorescence post emulsifiable type level 4 (hydrophilic)
No Design-
tion Character
Specific
Gravity
Freezing
point Viscosity
Flash
Point
Emulsi-
fier
1 FD-4-1 Yellow-green liq. 0.955 <0℃
7.6cst >93℃
E1
2 FA-4-2 Yellow-green liq. 0.98 <0℃
9.8cst >93℃
E1
Removability and Sensitivity Contrast Test Corrosion Test
No Reference
Material
Reference
Block
Wash
Speed
Remove
Back-
ground
Crack spot
Fluorescent
Brightness
Al
Alloy
Mg
Alloy
Steel
1 Met.-L.97A Sher.Dt.PE Equal Equal >97A
Acc Acc Acc
2 Met.-L.97A Sher.Dt.PE Equal Equal >97A
Acc Acc Acc
2.3. Compare Picture: A comparison between the researched product and US AFRL
qualfied product of similar types in Penetrant agent removability and sensitivity (twin block test). Referred to Picture 1~4.
2.4. Emulsifier E1: hydrophilic type. Rose red aqueous solution. Concentration level of
20%%%%.
2.5. Developer D1: Dry powder. Accumulation density 0.15. Developer did not contain
asbestos.
- 5 -
Picture 1: ZL-67 & FA-3-1 Picture 2: FA-4-1 & ZL-56
Picture 3: FD-3-1 &ARD.985-P13 Picture 4: FD-4-1 & FP-97A
2.6. Conclusion
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The manufactured fluorescent Penetrant agent performance complied with AMS 2644E specifications and requirements. In comparison with the US AFRL qualified products, by optimizing twin block test had shown that the performance was fundamentally equivalent. However the manufactured fluorescence water washable of
type level 3、4 water- proof had achieved equivalent or higher sensitivity level in
comparison with its peer products of international standards. The manufactured
fluorescence post emulsifiable of type level 3、4 crack spot fluorescent brightness also
achieved equivalent or higher contrasting levels in comparison with its peer products of international standards.
3. Fluorescent Penetrant agent wastewaterwastewaterwastewaterwastewater treatment
3.1.: Necessity and method of fluorescence penetrant agent wastewaterastewaterastewaterastewater treatment:
As you know that application of water washable types and post emulsifiable types fluorescence Penetrant agent onto work piece or spare-parts to conduct PT check and large volume of organic waste water will be produced during the removal process in PT
check (included water wash、prewash、post emulsifiable water wash and other removal
treatment). Hence the organic waste water contained oil, organic solvent, surfactants, organic dye and etc which resulted aqueous emulsion, fluorescence pollution, oil pollution, poison and other hazards in the water. C O DCr value ranged between 10000 to 20000 do not comply with the environmental protection effluent standards and requirements. The method for the modernized organic waste water treatment mainly (4)
degraded active dirt particles: Activated sludge microbiological degration treat method; Chemical oxidation degration treatment method. The author also conducted researches
and adopted a swift, simplified Fenton Reagent (H2O2+FeSO4•7 H2O ) chemical
oxidation degration method to degrade fluorescence wastewater and washable types of waste water and post emulsifiable types of waste water were to be treated separately. Therefore it provided referencing of experimentations for conducting a large scale treatment of fluorescence wastewater.
3.2. Procedures for Wastewater treatment:
Waste water→separating oil from water→heating & breaking emulsion and remove oil→low dose Fenton Reagent oxidation degration→coagulate adsorption→filter→clear water
The clarity and transparency of water after treatment. Originally, the C O D Cr value for
wastewater is ranged from 10000 to 20000.After primary treatment, the C O D Cr value for clear water was reduced between 50 to 300 which attained an environmental
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protection level 3 effluent standard.
3.3. Wastewater treatment method and results
3.3.1.Low dose Fenton Reagent(H2O2++++FeSO4•7H2O) oxidation degration method:
Sampled 100 ml of wastewater, applied heat temperature till 70~80℃ then stirred and
add small amount of breaking emulsifiers. Then remove the upper layer of the floated oil and filtered the precipitate at the bottom layer. Add 0.25ml 1:4 H2SO4 solution to liquid.
Adjust PH level for liquid =3. Add 0.08g FeSO4•7 H2O , continue heating and stirred,
maintained temperature at 70~80℃. Slowly dripped about 30% of H2O2.. Hydrogen
peroxide consumption at 0.8ml~1.8ml, treatment of solution in accordance of high/low in
the C O D Cr value.... Reaction: Continue heating, stirred for 15 min. The treated solution
changed to transparent from corrosive liquid which resulted termination of reaction. Then
add coagulant 0.1g FeSO4•7 H2O [or Al2(SO4)3] and 0.2g CaO. Stirred for 1 min and it
resulted precipitation of brown flocculation. Then leave it for precipitate. Proceed to filtration while in hot temperature .So as to attain clear and transparent water
Remark: Wastewater of C O D Cr value which were higher, exceeded content of surfactant, achieved stability, C O D Cr value may not achieved effluent standard requirement during the first degration but repeated application of oxidation degration and coagulate adsorption treatment until it complied to the environmental protection effluent standards and requirement.
3.3.2. C O D Cr value sheet for Fluorescent pentrant wastewater treatment
- 8 -
3.3.3. Before and after treatment of wastewater: See Picture 5, 6
Picture 5: Treatment of Yellow-green color Picture 6: Treatment of Rose-red color wastewater wastewater
3.4. Conclusion and existing problem: (1) Compare with Activated sludge microbiological degration treatment method, the low
dose Fenton reagent oxidation degration and coagulate adsorption treated the fluorescent Penetrant wastewater, advantages for chemical reaction which processed
CODCr
Fenton Reagent Waste water type
Charcters Stability Original
waste
water
Separate
oil from
water 1st
degration
2nd
degration
Level 1,2 Yellow-green
Turbid liquid
Motionless
24 hour
lamination
~10000 ~2500 ~190-170
Clear water
─
Wa
ter
wa
sh ty
pe
Level 3,4 Yellow-green
Turbid liquid
No
lamination ~10000 ─
~2000
Clear Water
<<<<100-200
Clear Water
prewash Yellow-green
Turbid liquid
Easy
lamination ~20000 190~600
~50-190
Clear Water ─
Post emul.
water wash
Rose-red
liquid
No
lamination ~10000 ─ ~3000
Clear Water
~1000
Clear Water
Pos
t em
ulsi
fiabl
e ty
pe
Prewash &
Post emul.
water wash
Yellow-red
Turbid liquid
Easy
lamination ~20000 ~7000
~2000
Clear Water
~300
Clear Water
- 9 -
the wastewater: speedy reaction, short process flow, equipment easy to operate and etc.
(2) Some post emulsifiable which cleansed wastewater that adopted separation of oil from water which were not required to undergo further treatment. CODCr value lower than 300 which were not required for treatment and can be directly effluent. If a number of fluorescent wastewater presented content of surfactant and CODCr value
was higher showed that greater stability, one-time degration of CODCr value will not meet the effluent specification and requirements. So repeatedly degrading of oxidation process will consume greater amount of oxidizing agent. The technology must be further upgraded and researched in addition of adaptation of other degration method for assistance.
(3) Wastewater for washable type and post emulsifiable fluorescence type shall be
treated separately, separate oil from water, further by emulsion breaking shall be beneficial as it reduce the consumption of oxidation agent and related treatment cost.
(4) Separated the waste oil shall be further do resource recovery or usage for fuel
burning.
Reference:
(1)Lin Zhenwang “Metallic Penetrant testing mechanism and Penetrant agent
molecular structure”. 7th Asian-Pacific Conference on NDT. 1993 Shanghai China. p.728
(2)Lin Zhenwang “Surfactants as Applied to Penetrant Test”.US “Materials
Evaluation”. Oct.2001 p.1205 (3)Lin Zhenwang “Micro emulsion Penetrant agent manufacture” 8th China NDT
Conference. 2003 Suzhou China (4)Li Yafong “Practical Waste Water Treat Technique“. China Chemical industrial
publishing house 2007