THE FAMILIES AND FOOD SURVEY 2014 · Respondents were asked: Look at the food related habits below....

Prepared by Professor Anthony Worsley and Ms Stacey Ridley ASIA PACIFIC FOOD AND NUTRITION COLLABORATION, SCHOOL OF EXERCISE AND NUTRITION SCIENCES, DEAKIN UNIVERSITY | MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA | EMAIL: [email protected]

THE FAMILIES AND FOOD SURVEY 2014 DESCRIPTIVE DATA

DATE OF PUBLICATION 2015

FUNDING SOURCE: SCHOOL OF EXERCISE AND NUTRITION SCIENCES, DEAKIN UNIVERSITY

The Families and Food Survey 2014, Descriptive Data 1

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 2

VIEWS OF THE HEALTHINESS OF FOOD HABITS .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4

PERCEIVED HEALTHINESS OF BEVERAGES .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 5

CONCERNS ABOUT BODY WEIGHT ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 6

PERCEIVED CAUSES OF OBESTITY ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9

PERCEIVED EFFECTIVENESS OF PERSONAL WEIGHT CONTROL OPTIONS .................................................................................................................................................................. 10

APPROVAL OF FOOD INDUSTRY FOOD MARKETING PRACTICES ............................................................................................................................................................................... 11

PENETRATION OF FOOD MARKETING INTO THE HOUSEHOLD ................................................................................................................................................................................. 12

GOVERNMENT CONTROL OVER FOOD MARKETING AND ADVERTISING ................................................................................................................................................................... 13

CREDIBILITY OF MANUFACTURERS’ FOOD CLAIMS ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 15

APPROVAL OF FOOD INDUSTRY FOOD FORTIFICATION PRACTICES .......................................................................................................................................................................... 16

SUPPORT FOR POSSIBLE GOVERNMENT POLICY INITIATIVES.................................................................................................................................................................................... 17

TRUST IN NUTRITIONAL SOURCES OF INFORMATION .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 18

MAIN PREPARER OF HOUSEHOLD FOOD .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 20

USUAL FOOD CONSUMPTION PATTERNS ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 21

CHANGES TO FOOD CONSUMPTION INTAKE ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 22

FOOD KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS NEEDED ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 23

FOOD SHOPPING ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 24

FOOD SAFETY AND THE ENVIRONMENT .................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 29

PERSONAL VALUES (GUIDING PRINCIPLES IN LIFE) ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 31

BACKGROUND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SAMPLE .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 33


INTRODUCTION

During December 2013 and January 2014, a detailed online survey (the Families and Food Survey) was conducted among approximately 800

household food providers in each of Indonesia, Melbourne, Shanghai, Singapore and Vietnam, by Global Market Insights, a leading online market

research company.

The broad aims of the study were to:

1 To describe household food providers’ food and health behaviours and habits with respect to the nutrition transition, with reference to

main food groups and EDNP products.

2 To describe their views and opinions about the food supply, especially marketing, retailing and consumption.

3 To describe their views of the future and policies which need to be enacted to enable them to behave in ways which sustain their health

and well-being.

In this report we supply descriptive data for the survey on the 5 regions. Our first report in this series examined consumers experiences and views of food marketing. Other reports will examine other findings from the survey including the perceived impacts of supermarkets, beliefs about the food knowledge and skills children should have when they leave school, recent dietary habits and views of the healthiness of selected products, and household food providers’ interest in body weight control, their beliefs about the efficacy of a number of weight control strategies as well as their perceptions of the causes of obesity. Further analyses are planned which will examine the relationships of the consumers’ responses with their personal and demographic characteristics. In addition, we would like to produce individual country reports.


It was our aim to find out more about food consumers who would be likely to be most affected by the economic transition occurring in Asia, i.e. younger, better educated people. We expected that the use of online survey techniques would reach mainly these people. This was the case.

The demographic characteristics of the national samples (of approximately 800 respondents in each country) are provided in our first report on Food Marketing and Communication. Key points to note about the samples include:

• There was a broad representation of men and women in the samples (40-50% of respondents were men).

• The samples were highly educated and well off. Fewer Melbournians claimed to be university educated.

• Melbournians were the oldest respondents, the Vietnamese, the youngest.

• Over one third of the respondents were single (including divorced separated, widowed). Most singles were Vietnamese, the lowest proportion of singles was in Shanghai.

• BMIs were highest in Melbourne and lowest in Vietnam. This is likely to be associated with stature; different BMI cut-offs are used in Asian and Caucasian populations.

• Residential accommodation reflected known differences in accommodation arrangements in these countries

• Penetration of consumer electronic devices was high and similar in all five countries, confirming the view that these are well off and affected by consumerist society.

Cultural sensitivities and biases in the reporting of background characteristics (such as education and ownership of possessions) should be borne in mind when interpreting the differences between the countries.


VIEWS OF THE HEALTHINESS OF FOOD HABITS

Respondents were asked: Look at the food related habits below. How harmful are they to human health?

(Scale: 5 point. Not harmful 1 to very harmful 5)

Melbourne

n=769 Shanghai n=807

Indonesia n=788

Singapore n=771

Vietnam n=810

Total n=3945

Chi Sq P

Drinking 100% fruit juice 59.0 80.7 91.8 73.5 91.9 79.6 410.513 <0.001

Eating fruit between main meals 87.8 75.6 83.9 79.1 68.9 78.9 165.812 <0.001

Drinking tea everyday 62.3 80.5 47.1 52.4 73.7 63.4 301.067 <0.001

Low intakes of meat 31.1 35.7 32.9 38.5 37.8 35.2 34.886 <0.001

Babies being fed infant formula 34.7 49.7 8.6 31.5 27.2 30.4 929.606 <0.001

Going on weight loss diets 24.4 14.4 37.9 19.2 28.9 25.0 225.507 <0.001

Drinking coffee everyday 22.0 25.0 12.9 20.9 27.3 21.2 156.626 <0.001

High meat intakes 20.7 10.3 22.3 9.9 20.5 16.7 130.493 <0.001

Drinking energy drinks (e.g. Red Bull) 4.3 28.5 4.6 9.2 17.8 13.0 825.988 <0.001

Eating snacks (processed foods) between main meals 7.5 11.2 22.3 5.4 17.0 12.8 356.157 <0.001

Low intakes of fruit and vegetables 8.5 13.9 15.2 7.4 10.9 11.2 66.970 <0.001

Skipping (missing) meals like breakfast 4.9 5.6 8.6 5.3 3.6 5.6 204.631 <0.001

Food allergies (e.g. peanut allergy) 5.3 6.1 3.7 6.5 3.5 5.0 170.276 <0.001

Poor personal hygiene and risks of food borne infections (e.g. salmonella infections)

4.6 5.2 4.8 5.1 4.2 4.8 27.128 0.001

Eating foods containing high levels of salt 4.7 3.8 2.7 3.8 8.6 4.7 99.887 <0.001

Drinking sugar sweetened fizzy beverages most days of the week (e.g. Coca Cola)

4.2 5.6 1.1 4.9 4.0 4.0 74.790 <0.001

Eating food containing high amounts of sugars 3.9 6.1 1.8 4.0 4.3 4.0 49.579 <0.001

Consuming highly processed foods containing lots of fat, salt and/or sugar

4.7 4.2 2.4 5.1 3.2 3.9 31.453 0.006

Eating too many high fat foods 4.3 4.1 1.3 3.5 3.7 3.4 21.453 0.006

Table 1. The percentages of household food providers who reported food habits as Harmful (% harmful, ratings 4+5).


PERCEIVED HEALTHINESS OF BEVERAGES

Respondents were asked: How healthy are the following beverage products?

(Scale: 5 point Very Unhealthy (1) Not sure/neutral (3) Very Healthy (5))

Melbourne n=769

Shanghai n=807

Indonesia n=788

Singapore n=771

Vietnam n=810

Total n=3945

Chi Sq P

Green tea 80.0 82.4 84.4 73.0 79.8 79.9 45.313 <0.001

Whole plain milk 76.5 70.8 80.3 65.0 88.8 76.3 158.288 <0.001

Mineral water 58.4 75.2 89.6 63.7 81.2 73.8 289.296 <0.001

Bottled water 75.2 63.8 56.0 60.1 55.7 62.1 107.701 <0.001

Children’s milk (special milk products for children) 40.1 55.1 71.8 55.5 74.3 59.5 270.157 <0.001

Infant formula 38.2 54.2 52.0 41.1 55.2 48.3 87.347 <0.001

Asian drinks (e.g. barley drink, sugarcane drink, chrysanthemum tea)

18.1 68.0 40.1 35.9 72.8 47.4 765.483 <0.001

Tap water 82.8 49.3 10.2 53.7 33.1 45.6 1206.949 <0.001

Fruit juice (canned or packaged) 32.6 51.8 42.4 35.1 59.3 44.5 215.257 <0.001

Flavoured milk 21.5 34.6 43.4 34.4 61.7 39.3 505.063 <0.001

Sweet condensed milk 7.8 25.0 45.3 11.3 42.2 26.6 764.271 <0.001

Manufactured baby food 17.4 25.8 24.0 22.3 23.1 22.6 51.335 <0.001

Diet Coke 7.7 23.4 12.4 13.1 44.8 20.5 751.384 <0.001

Instant coffee 20.4 24.8 10.9 14.4 26.5 19.5 108.155 <0.001

Energy drinks (e.g. Red Bull, Kratingdaeng - Indonesia) 5.1 32.0 5.5 11.7 18.6 14.7 694.099 <0.001

Kelloggs Cocoa Pops 8.3 18.7 11.8 16.6 12.6 13.6 252.540 <0.001

Gatorade (or equivalent) 11.1 30.0 7.9 17.9 16.8 11.1 326.011 <0.001

Coca Cola 4.2 17.2 4.1 6.9 13.8 9.3 296.613 <0.001

Pepsi Cola 3.5 13.8 3.2 6.5 12.1 7.9 265.619 <0.001

Table 2. Food providers’ perceptions of the healthiness of beverages (% Healthy, ratings 4+5).


CONCERNS ABOUT BODY WEIGHT

Respondents were asked questions on body weight concerns:

Are you concerned about your weight at the moment?

Melbourne

n=769

Shanghai

n=807

Indonesia

n=788

Singapore

n=771

Vietnam

n=810

Total

n=3945

Chi Sq P

a) Not at all 20.7 22.8 26.6 14.7 14.4 19.8 170.700 <0.001

b) A little concerned 29.4 28.0 28.8 19.3 21.7 25.4

c) Somewhat concerned 33.0 38.7 32.6 38.8 43.2 37.3

d) Very concerned 16.9 10.5 11.9 27.2 20.6 17.4

Table 3. Household food providers’ levels of concern (% somewhat plus very concerned) with their body weight.

Which of the following are you trying to do about your weight at the moment?

Melbourne n=769

Shanghai n=807

Indonesia n=788

Singapore n=771

Vietnam n=810

Total n=3945

Chi Sq P

Are you trying to lose weight 87.6 63.2 74.1 79.6 53.6 70.8 182.627 <0.001

Are you trying to gain weight? 3.3 2.2 13.6 6.1 26.0 10.8 197.818 <0.001

Are you trying to stay the same weight? 3.4 17.5 4.6 4.7 5.2 7.1 7.839 0.098

Not doing anything about my weight 5.7 17.1 7.7 9.6 15.2 11.3

Have you heard of the Body Mass Index (BMI)? % Yes 83.9 55.0 60.8 91.4 69.4 71.9 379.082 <0.001

Are you trying to lose weight 87.6 63.2 74.1 79.6 53.6 70.8 182.627 <0.001

a) By dieting 14.9 10.8 20.3 11.9 16.3 15.0 104.710

<0.001

b) By exercising 23.9 39.7 17.9 32.5 23.1 27.0

c) By dieting and exercising 53.0 49.0 56.6 52.9 60.3 54.3

d) Other ways 8.2 0.6 5.2 2.6 0.3 3.7

Table 4. Food providers’ views and practices about weight change and awareness of the Body Mass index (% Yes).


Table 5. Top 6 answers per country/total of food providers methods of trying to lose weight.

Table 6. Top 6 answers per country/total of food providers’ explanations of other ways they are trying to lose weight.

What other methods are you using to lose weight? Melbourne Eating r=24

Foods r=9 Diet r=9 Meals r=7 Exercise r=6

Eating fruit between meals, eating muesli for breakfast eating small meal at dinner time going out at lunch time for a walk New diet pill but I also eat a very healthy diet of unprocessed foods, very low intake of red meat and everything made from scratch Not dieting but trying better portion control and eating more fruit to avoid snacking on junk Not eating between meals and limiting alcohol to lose a small amount of weight Low consumption of high fat foods, and avoiding carbonated drinks, minor exercises and walking. Bottled water as a choice of drinking

Shanghai Needs translation

Indonesia Needs translation

Singapore (NB only 10 responses)

Eat r= 3 Food r =3 Pills r=3 Health r=2

eat lesser amount at main meals and cut out unhealthy snacking Reduce food intake especially carbo consume fat slimming (pills) capsules to increase metabolism Eat more healthy food Stretching here and there while watching TV programme. Sweat out by doing housework.

Vietnam Needs translation

Why are you trying to lose weight? Melbourne Weight r=86

Feel r=67 Overweight r=55 Better r=49 Healthy r=45 Healthier r=38

l am over weight, not happy with what l weigh I feel very unhappy with my body and with summer coming up i want to look and feel good I'm overweight at the moment and feel heavy and sluggish Because I think that I will look better with a few kilos less and my health will be better as well As I get older I find it is harder to maintain a healthy weight, slowly the weight has crept on and I feel fat (although I exercise regularly at the gym) To stay healthier, reduce risks of major diseases and look better



Singapore Healthy r=60 Weight r=48 Fat r=46 Overweight r=35 Fit r=35 Health r=29

To keep to a healthy body. Currently, borderline high on cholesterol and blood pressure. To get the ideal body weight for my height and boost confidence. Too much fat at tummy area. cant fit in my jeans, skirts and pants :( Because I know being fat and overweight will pose higher risk of getting diabetes, high blood and cholesterol. To stay fit to do more rigorous sports Keep healthy and fit to avoid unnecessary health problem or disease



Table 7. Top 6 answers per country/total of food providers’ explanation of BMI

Could you please describe the Body Mass Index (BMI)?

Melbourne Weight r=425 Height r=358 Body r=185 Fat r=169 Measure=105 Healthy r=63

Weight/ height squared. rough indication of health status and risk of diseases Weight compared to your height squared, it indicates whether you are of healthy weight, underweight , overweight or obese weight and height to work out body percentage of fat. The amount of fat on the body compared to muscle The body mass index is a measure of what a person should weight according to their height Standard measurement tool to determine if someone is underweight, in the healthy range, or overweight. It is calculated by your height and weight.



Singapore Height r=472 Weight r=447 Body r=201 Measure=132 Mass r=98 Fat r=98

Weight/(height*height) must aim for a certain range to be considered healthy Weight versus height to better understand state of health Weight divided by HeightxHeight which is used to measure the body fats on our body. Too high will be considered as obese or overweight. Too low will be considered as underweight. The body mass index (BMI), or Quetelet index, is a measure for human body shape based on an individual's mass and height.(This response appeared 4 times – respondents must have googled it)

The ratio of one's mass (in kg) to the square of one's height (in m). Measurement of body fat based on height and weight. Healthy zone is between 18.5 to 23.0



PERCEIVED CAUSES OF OBESTITY

Respondents were asked: What do you think are the main causes of obesity? (Scale: 5 point. Not a cause of obesity (0) Not Sure/Neutral (3) Definitely a cause of obesity (5))

Melbourne

n=769

Shanghai

n=807

Indonesia

n=788

Singapore

n=771

Vietnam

n=810

Total

n=3945

Chi Sq P

Overconsumption of sugar sweetened drinks 88.9 86.1 89.1 86.6 74.2 84.9 257.845 <0.001

People don’t do enough physical activity 89.5 88.7 89.6 82.9 70.4 84.1 395.081 <0.001

Eating oversized servings of foods 87.8 88.7 89.3 84.0 69.4 83.8 300.484 <0.001

Regular consumption of fast foods 89.6 79.7 79.6 87.0 70.9 81.2 270.073 <0.001

Lack of physical activity opportunities 66.6 87.0 81.6 76.9 70.5 76.6 238.756 <0.001

People aren’t aware of the dangers of obesity 56.8 67.9 81.7 65.5 65.6 67.6 223.379 <0.001

Lack of willpower 72.7 69.5 61.2 73.8 54.8 66.3 315.363 <0.001

The promotion of unhealthy foods (in stores, the mass media and online)

72.8 64.9 55.3 73.4 35.7 60.2 438.277 <0.001

Modern technology (e.g. cars, computers, video games) 68.8 62.3 43.3 64.9 45.9 56.9 343.078 <0.001

Genes cause obesity 44.5 61.8 58.4 62.4 36.5 52.7 387.597 <0.001

The low cost of unhealthy food 71.4 41.3 57.1 62.1 30.1 52.1 400.970 <0.001

Lack of availability of healthy foods 41.0 65.4 53.8 50.3 32.7 48.7 273.021 <0.001

Lack of safe cycling and walking paths 31.5 21.1 34.9 43.3 27.7 31.6 132.652 <0.001

Table 8. Household food providers’ views of the causes of obesity (% definite cause, ratings 4+5).


PERCEIVED EFFECTIVENESS OF PERSONAL WEIGHT CONTROL OPTIONS

Respondents were asked: How effective are the following actions that individuals can take to maintain a healthy body weight? (Scale: 5 point. Not at all Effective, Not Very Effective, Neutral, Effective, Very Effective)

Melbourne

n=769

Shanghai

n=807

Indonesia

n=788

Singapore

n=771

Vietnam

n=810

Total

n=3945

Chi Sq P

Establish an exercise routine 87.6 87.5 92.1 84.8 84.7 87.4 42.496 <0.001

Walk more 88.8 86.9 90.1 79.6 83.2 85.7 75.726 <0.001

Avoid sugar sweetened soft drinks like Coca Cola 81.5 70.9 81.5 79.9 60.9 74.8 157.201 <0.001

Eat smaller portions of food. 85.2 61.3 77.0 74.4 63.5 72.1 190.944 <0.001

Eat breakfast every day 76.3 79.7 57.7 68.6 74.8 71.5 158.778 <0.001

Try not to eat sweetened foods like cakes or confectionery 75.7 67.9 68.8 69.9 64.4 69.3 39.047 <0.001

Eat foods with protein (e.g. meats, fish, eggs) every day 72.4 70.8 70.2 64.5 57.3 67.0 112.798 <0.001

Avoid alcoholic drinks 58.1 49.4 77.7 59.9 56.4 60.3 167.316 <0.001

Make a regular shopping list 65.1 57.9 54.8 50.6 61.4 58.0 68.643 <0.001

Don’t eat between meals 47.6 60.7 73.7 49.9 57.2 57.9 185.101 <0.001

Count the calories you consume 49.2 57.1 66.1 48.4 67.8 57.8 113.731 <0.001

Don’t have second helpings 72.4 58.9 66.1 59.1 31.2 57.3 516.020 <0.001

Try to eat less 70.5 51.1 54.3 58.2 32.5 53.1 429.202 <0.001

Weigh yourself regularly 39.0 47.5 56.7 52.0 53.8 49.9 87.134 <0.001

Join organized weight-loss programs like Weight Watchers 47.6 NA 52.5 39.4 59.1 49.8 75.192 <0.001

Use smaller plates and dishes 68.9 55.8 36.8 54.6 30.1 49.0 470.606 <0.001

Don’t sit down for longer than 15-20 minutes at a time 43.8 68.9 40.0 42.0 47.7 48.6 222.845 <0.001

Don’t eat in front of the TV or computer 40.2 58.4 32.9 42.5 51.6 45.2 189.124 <0.001

Go on a slimming diet 30.3 41.0 50.4 30.9 57.3 42.2 202.487 <0.001

Substitute diet soft drinks for regular soft drinks 23.5 31.7 46.8 29.3 62.6 39.0 424.294 <0.001

Use commercial meal replacements 19.0 31.2 29.6 21.9 30.5 26.5 138.519 <0.001

Eat only with other people 18.1 27.5 12.6 19.6 19.1 19.4 168.554 <0.001

Take diet pills 10.0 20.3 17.4 16.6 20.4 17.0 75.174 <0.001

Table 9. Food providers’ perceptions of the views of the effectiveness of ways to maintain body weight (% Effective, ratings 4+5)


APPROVAL OF FOOD INDUSTRY FOOD MARKETING PRACTICES

Respondents were asked: How much do you approve or disapprove of the following industry practices?

(Scale: 5 point: Strongly Disapprove, Disapprove, Not Sure/ Neutral, Approve, Strongly Approve; % Approve = ratings 4+5).

Melbourne

n=769 Shanghai n=807

Indonesia n=788

Singapore n=771

Vietnam n=810

Total n=3945

Chi Sq P

The marketing of fruit and vegetables 84.1 81.4 92.4 76.5 85.4 84.0 81.966 <0.001

The marketing of milk and dairy products 80.9 76.7 86.4 76.9 80.6 80.3 37.217 <0.001

The promotion of water to children 86.7 52.5 93.5 81.5 65.9 75.8 516.046 <0.001

The marketing of fresh meat 79.7 65.3 83.8 72.1 63.2 72.7 155.551 <0.001

Nutrition education in schools or on TV provided by soft drink or fast food companies

49.4 38.5 65.7 51.9 73.2 55.8 303.120 <0.001

The marketing and promotion of infant formula (including ‘follow on’ and ’growing up’ milk)

39.3 53.5 58.2 49.3 63.7 53.0 121.001 <0.001

Promotion of confectionery and soft drinks in supermarkets 16.5 29.2 36.2 21.0 49.4 30.7 425.033 <0.001

Fast food company sponsorship of children’s sports or educational programs

15.5 34.0 30.5 21.0 41.2 28.6 251.745 <0.001

Two for one pricing or upsizing of fast foods and drinks 13.4 28.1 25.1 17.9 37.8 24.6 263.570 <0.001

Fast food companies’ sponsorship of children’s websites 11.2 27.3 17.8 16.9 28.9 20.5 179.883 <0.001

Vending machines (with sugar sweetened beverages or confectionery) in schools

11.8 24.0 9.6 16.1 35.9 19.7 344.984 <0.001

Positioning of fast food outlets (e.g. McDonald, KFC) nr schools 12.2 21.1 16.1 15.2 29.5 18.9 142.964 <0.001

Soft drink advertising aimed at children 8.1 23.5 15.5 12.6 32.8 18.7 331.782 <0.001

Alcohol/tobacco companies’ sponsorship of sports events & teams 17.0 26.6 11.8 15.7 21.7 18.7 100.469 <0.001

Alcohol advertising in newspapers and magazines 22.0 23.9 5.8 17.9 16.5 17.2 312.654 <0.001

Alcohol advertising on TV 20.9 24.7 6.9 15.7 16.5 17.0 289.331 <0.001

The advertising of foods and drinks that contain a lot of sugar on TV/ radio

14.3 22.1 9.5 15.8 22.0 16.8 127.605 <0.001

Cigarette advertising in newspapers and magazines 9.2 13.9 9.6 10.8 10.2 10.8 49.738 <0.001

Cigarette advertising on TV 9.0 14.1 6.1 9.6 9.9 9.8 57.376 <0.001

Table 10. Food providers’ approval of industry food marketing practices (% Approve, ratings 4+5).


PENETRATION OF FOOD MARKETING INTO THE HOUSEHOLD

Respondents were asked: During the past three months about how often did someone in your immediate household (e.g. you, your spouse or your child) see a special offer, competition or giveaway for a food or drink product?

(Scale: Not in the last month, Once a month, Twice a month, Three times a month, Four or more times.)

Melbourne

n=769

Shanghai

n=807

Indonesia

n=788

Singapore

n=771

Vietnam

n=810

Total

n=3945

Chi Sq P

On public transport (e.g. bus, train, tram)? 13.5 39.4 21.2 20.9 39.4 27.1 489.021 <0.001

In a magazine 14.7 27.8 23.4 16.7 44.7 25.7 505.476 <0.001

Received via email 13.0 28.6 22.6 15.3 33.6 22.8 314.273 <0.001

Buy an extra food or drink product on display at the supermarket checkout

12.4 25.8 15.9 17.6 31.7 20.8 323.760 <0.001

At school (e.g. canteen, sports event)? 7.2 23.3 15.5 10.2 31.6 17.7 514.242 <0.001

Received via sms 5.7 24.4 17.5 10.8 17.3 15.3 376.817 <0.001

Buy food or drinks from a vending machine? 7.8 25.4 7.2 17.6 17.9 15.3 281.809 <0.001

Receive a free sample of a food or drink product at a train station, shopping centre, supermarket, etc.?

4.9 17.8 10.0 12.7 21.2 13.5 256.097 <0.001

Play a game or enter a competition on the Internet that was related to a food or drink product?

7.3 16.7 8.0 9.6 17.0 11.8 270.213 <0.001

Enter a competition you saw on food or drink packaging 5.7 13.8 7.9 10.5 15.2 10.7 117.099 <0.001

Table 11. Household food providers’ experience during the past 3 months with nutrition-related marketing (%>3 times per month).


GOVERNMENT CONTROL OVER FOOD MARKETING AND ADVERTISING

Respondents were asked: Should the national government have stricter controls over the marketing and advertising of food and drinks in your country?

No please explain why not…………………………………………………………………………………………………

Yes please explain why………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Should the national government have stricter controls over the marketing and advertising of food and drinks in your country? No

Melbourne People r=80 Control r=41 Choice r=37 Government r=40 Eat r=30

Food r=29

The advertising message has to get out but people must also learn to make their own decisions about what they buy, drink, etc People should be able to make their own choices about what they eat, and should be able to control themselves People need to take responsibility for their own actions. I am fed up with people blaming everyone else for their own choices This would promote a nanny state. The government should put more money into nutrition education You can always blame marketing and advertising but it comes down to children being taught at home and school about what a healthy diet is and the benefits of eating healthy and excercising It's a personal choice to purchase foods which are healthy or unhealthy. If we sensor food advertising where do we draw the line?



Singapore Market r=52 People r=50 Control r=46 Food r=38 Government r=30

Choice r=27

We should practise 'free market' and as consumer, we should exercise our own control, govt can only help ensure food safety This is an open market society - we should be more tolerant toward food and drinks marketeers as they are trying to make a living here and their presence in the market also brings us more variety of food and drinks. For people who are health conscious or those who dislike particular food or drinks, they can choose not to buy and save up some money instead. The government does not have to control everything, is up to oneself. eating once a while is all right just watch the amount of intake. People should have freedom in selecting their food choices and knowing them via advertisement. People should be responsible on their own health, thus selection of food or drink should not be controlled by government It’s the persons own choice and responsibility.



Table 12. Top 6 answers per country/total of Food providers’ views on the national government having stricter controls over the marketing and advertising of food and drinks in

their country.

Should the national government have stricter controls over the marketing and advertising of food and drinks in your country? Yes

Melbourne Food r=125 Advertising r=86 Obesity r=74 People r=60 Children r=53 Health r=51

The connection between high fat/salt/sugar and fun is already programmed into a child by the age of 5 (swet rewards). So the act of connecting any junk foods to children just builds on that,. And a lot of people are not taught to think; what have I eaten in the last two day's? before they go on to eat today's food............ They should ban advertising during preschool hours and after school hours and not before, during and after childrens' programming Because obesity could become a national health issue which could cost lives and put extra strain on the health system Because if children grow up having this information forced onto them, they believe that it's normal food and it's not. They should be encouraged to eat as naturally as possible. Not only is it causing obesity, there are other issues to consider like additives in the food causing illness. It costs our country huge amounts of money to help these people to either lose weight or try and maintain their health. They should control what is marketed towards children better to try and help encourage healthy eating habits that will then follow them into adulthood our health systems is a breaking point if not already broken...and this is mostly caused by obesity related diseases clogging up the health system.



Singapore

Food r=106 Healthy r=81 Health r=51 People r=50 Unhealthy r=48 Control r=37

The government should restrict the immense marketing of fast foods and unhealthy foods and enhance the marketing of foods which are good for health Encourage moderation and promoting healthy food to decrease spending more on health subsidies The government should take care of the health of its citizens The cost (be it social or economic) of supporting a healthier nation is lower and the people deserved government's protection from companies that generate their incomes at the expenses of people's health. Should stop promoting unhealthy foods. Kids are getting more and more obese Should control for TV as children are innocent and cannot distinguish health and unhealthy



CREDIBILITY OF MANUFACTURERS’ FOOD CLAIMS

Respondents were asked: These questions are about the claims food manufacturers may make about their products. How likely are these claims to

be true?

(Scale: 5 point. Not at all Likely (1) to Very Likely (5)).

Melbourne n=769

Shanghai n=807

Indonesia n=788

Singapore n=771

Vietnam n=810

Total n=3945

Chi Sq P

A company says that a product contains a vitamin. 37.2 48.3 51.9 35.1 54.0 45.4 107.853 <0.001

A company says a product has less salt, sugar or fat 31.3 48.1 40.5 30.9 37.8 37.8 88.348 <0.001

A company says this product is good for bone health 27.3 37.4 47.5 30.0 43.7 37.3 134.95 <0.001

A company labels its product as ‘healthy’ 17.8 35.7 37.7 25.7 33.7 30.2 131.550 <0.001

A company says that a product will help reduce cholesterol 23.4 30.7 37.1 21.0 32.7 29.1 78.095 <0.001

A company claims this product will help reduce your chances of getting heart disease

20.9 27.9 34.6 21.1 28.3 26.6 83.138 <0.001

A company claims this product will help reduce your body weight 13.8 26.6 34.0 16.0 24.8 23.1 184.242 <0.001

Table 13. Food providers’ perceptions of the truthfulness of manufacturers’ nutrition claims (% Likely to be true, ratings 4+5).


APPROVAL OF FOOD INDUSTRY FOOD FORTIFICATION PRACTICES

Respondents were asked: How much do you approve (or disapprove) of the following industry practices?

(Scale: 5 point. Strongly Disapprove (1) Not sure (3) Strongly Approve (5);

Melbourne

n=769

Shanghai

n=807

Indonesia

n=788

Singapore

n=771

Vietnam

n=810

Total

n=3945

Chi Sq P

Adding fish oil extracts to food products (e.g. soy milk fortified with omega-3)

50.2 69.8 67.9 64.7 81.5 67.0 203.010 <0.001

Adding vitamins and minerals to plain bread or rice 49.4 67.7 67.5 61.1 77.8 64.9 197.183 <0.001

Replacing vitamins and minerals lost during food processing 50.2 57.4 60.8 53.7 69.9 58.5 122.393 <0.001

Adding vitamins to breakfast cereals which contain large amounts of fats, sugar or salt

26.7 42.0 35.8 34.8 64.0 40.9 281.897 <0.001

Adding vitamins and minerals to sugar sweetened fizzy drinks (e.g. Pepsi cola)

21.5 38.8 21.6 25.7 45.9 30.9 201.706 <0.001

Table 14. Food providers’ approval of industry fortification practices (% Approve, ratings 4+5).


SUPPORT FOR POSSIBLE GOVERNMENT POLICY INITIATIVES

Respondents were asked: What can governments do to help us consume healthier foods and drinks? (Scale: 5 point. Strongly Disagree, Disagree, Not sure, Neutral Agree Strongly Agree).

Melbourne

n=769

Shanghai

n=807

Indonesia

n=788

Singapore

n=771

Vietnam

n=810

Total

n=3945

Chi Sq P

Conduct media campaigns to encourage people to eat healthier foods, like fruit and vegetables.

83.0 91.7 94.4 81.2 89.4 88.0 103.118 <0.001

Make food labels carry clearer information about the content of foods 81.9 89.1 91.1 80.8 88.3 86.3 63.000 <0.001

Enforce the regulations on food safety in shops, markets and restaurants

78.3 89.1 91.9 78.3 90.5 85.7 120.336 <0.001

Subsidise the sales of fruits & vegetables, making them cheaper. 79.3 88.6 92.8 78.0 87.0 85.2 113.198 <0.001

Strictly enforce food safety regulations 76.5 90.7 90.2 75.9 89.0 84.6 146.342 <0.001

Provide incentives to encourage consumers to make healthier choices 75.2 86.9 81.0 75.7 85.4 80.9 75.141 <0.001

Ensure that children learn how to purchase and cook foods at school 78.7 86.5 78.6 74.7 84.1 80.6 57.189 <0.001

Help companies to reformulate foods to contain less salt, sugar and saturated fat

74.0 84.1 82.4 74.1 81.7 79.3 46.633 <0.001

Allow vending machines to contain only healthy food & drinks 56.8 76.5 81.9 67.7 74.1 71.5 170.697 <0.001

Establish sms systems to remind people when to eat healthier foods 28.5 79.9 75.9 48.0 72.2 61.3 891.288 <0.001

Ban vending machines selling unhealthy food or drinks in schools 61.6 68.6 60.2 54.3 51.7 59.3 85.635 <0.001

Put a 20% tax on fizzy sugar sweetened beverages (e.g. CC) 39.5 66.7 60.5 42.5 50.6 52.1 295.991 <0.001

There is little governments should do about the availability of foods and beverages

22.8 36.7 21.6 33.5 66.8 36.5 615.253 <0.001

Ban the advertising of any food products to children 38.1 43.4 27.8 34.0 27.0 34.0 132.899 <0.001

Ban all advertising of fizzy sugar sweetened beverages (e.g. CC.) 38.2 44.1 26.9 35.8 24.6 33.9 163.059 <0.001

Note: CC = Coca Cola Table 15. Food providers’ agreement with possible government actions to help the population consumer healthier food and drinks (% Agreement, ratings 4+5).


TRUST IN NUTRITIONAL SOURCES OF INFORMATION

Respondents were asked: In general, how much do you trust nutrition information from these sources?

(Scale: 5 point: Strongly distrust, Distrust, Not Sure/Neutral, Trust, Strongly Trust).

Melbourne

n=769

Shanghai

n=807

Indonesia

n=788

Singapore

n=771

Vietnam

n=810

Total

n=3945

Chi Sq P

Medical doctors (general practitioners) 76.7 78.4 79.7 67.8 74.0 75.4 56.514 <0.001

Health/organisations (e.g. Heart Foundation) 68.5 69.0 81.7 69.4 79.1 73.6 85.488 <0.001

Dietitians/Nutritionists 68.5 70.1 81.9 61.1 82.7 73.0 150.123 <0.001

Adult family members 52.1 83.0 67.1 50.3 73.5 65.5 289.095 <0.001

Government health departments 56.6 59.7 69.8 66.5 69.0 64.4 82.902 <0.001

Friends 42.4 72.6 49.1 41.5 59.0 53.2 240.938 <0.001

Traditional healers (e.g. herbalists, naturopaths, traditional medical practitioners)

34.6 58.7 42.3 38.8 43.5 43.7 126.823 <0.001

Food industry associations 26.9 51.9 44.4 32.0 59.3 43.2 262.683 <0.001

Food labels 31.5 49.8 33.1 35.4 23.8 34.8 191.168 <0.001

Dieting Websites 17.8 25.4 39.5 19.3 36.4 27.8 276.097 <0.001

Other sources (n=47)

21.3

(n=38)

22.5

(n=69)

32.9

(n=52)

19.5

(n=66)

23.2

(n=272)

23.6

31.894 <0.001

Food manufacturers 18.1 27.3 16.0 18.2 26.0 21.2 94.693 <0.001

Soft drink manufacturers 12.1 23.2 11.8 12.1 22.3 16.4 223.755 <0.001

Food Retailers 14.3 26.0 8.2 18.2 13.1 16.0 199.795 <0.001

Food advertising and promotion 10.7 19.8 12.9 17.0 14.6 15.0 112.585 <0.001

Table 16. Food providers’ trust in sources of nutrition information (% Trust, rating 4=5).


In general, how much do you trust nutrition information from these sources? Other sources, please name

Table 17. Top 6 answers per country/total of Food providers’ other sources of nutrition information

Other sources of nutrition information

Melbourne School r=6 Internet r=4 Health r=4 Magazines r=3

Media r=3Advertising r=3

School canteen Internet health food shop/ health book /Health Website Magazines Media Advertising



Singapore Internet r=11 Website r=6

Media r=6 Magazines r=4 TV r=4 Blogs r=3

Internet Websites Social Media Newspapers and Magazines Radio and television Blogs



MAIN PREPARER OF HOUSEHOLD FOOD

Respondents were asked who is responsible for preparation of food in the household: Who prepares the main meals in your household?

Melbourne

n=769

Shanghai

n=807

Indonesia

n=788

Singapore

n=771

Vietnam

n=810

Total

n=3945

Chi Sq P

a) Self 76.2 67.7 60.7 51.9 64.9 64.3 237.113 <0.001

b) My partner/spouse 20.4 27.4 25.6 26.3 25.4 25.1

c) A servant/cook 0.1 0.7 6.3 9.2 2.1 3.7

d) Someone else 3.3 4.2 7.4 12.6 7.5 7.0

Table 18. Persons responsible for preparation of household main meals (% indicated).


USUAL FOOD CONSUMPTION PATTERNS

Respondents were asked: How often do the following occur in your household?

(Scale: Five point. Never/Rarely, a few Times a Month, a few Times a Week, Almost Every Day)

Melbourne

n=769

Shanghai

n=807

Indonesia

n=788

Singapore

n=771

Vietnam

n=810

Total

n=3945

Chi Sq P

Safe water is available at home 89.1 84.6 91.9 83.9 83.1 86.5 57.780 <0.001

You eat your main meal of the day at home 88.6 88.4 80.2 68.6 89.0 83.0 193.028 <0.001

Fruit is freely available in your household 85.2 89.1 76.3 71.3 86.2 81.7 139.372 <0.001

You eat together as a family 75.8 89.1 81.5 67.2 86.0 80.1 227.028 <0.001

The TV is on when the family eats 64.6 56.0 65.9 59.4 68.1 62.8 40.046 <0.001

One or more of your family eats some food while watching TV/computer

58.9 55.3 64.2 56.9 67.0 60.5 49.465 <0.001

Confectionery or snacks are freely available in your household 48.9 60.5 45.2 48.4 57.4 52.2 84.973 <0.001

Your family buys take away meals 17.0 40.4 42.5 48.1 28.1 35.3 305.996 <0.001

Your family drinks sugar sweetened beverages 32.1 35.3 26.3 33.7 40.6 33.7 126.977 <0.001

The children have separate meals from the adults 18.6 37.5 43.0 34.9 28.8 32.6 179.971 <0.001

Your family eats main meals outside the household (e.g. in a food court)

13.8 34.3 22.1 45.0 22.1 27.5 505.971 <0.001

Your family eats out at a traditional restaurant 12.7 29.5 23.7 28.1 26.5 24.2 258.683 <0.001

Your family buys a snack or a main meal from a street food vendor

9.2 23.8 24.7 33.6 28.4 24.0 407.823 <0.001

Your family eats at a fast food restaurant e.g. McDonalds, KFC 11.1 19.2 13.6 21.7 22.0 17.5 99.433 <0.001

Table 19. Reported frequency of household eating habits (%>Several times per week, ratings 4+5).


CHANGES TO FOOD CONSUMPTION INTAKE Respondents were asked: Over the past year, have you tried to increase or decrease your own intake of the following foods and drinks?

(Scale: 5 point. Decreased a lot/Decreased/No change/Increased/Increased a lot)

Melbourne n=769

Shanghai n=807

Indonesia n=788

Singapore n=771

Vietnam n=810

Total n=3945

Chi Sq P

Fatty foods (e.g. bacon, cheese) D 41.2 62.0 71.8 52.4 64.6 58.6 237.273 <0.001

I 8.5 9.0 5.8 8.4 13.0 9.0

Alcoholic drinks (beer, wine, spirits) D 38.8 53.2 85.7 52.0 62.7 58.6 432.501

<0.001

I 12.1 11.6 3.8 10.4 14.4 10.5

Salt rich foods (e.g. processed meats) D 45.6 67.8 65.5 54.0 58.8 58.5 182.523 <0.001

I 6.0 10.0 8.0 7.3 13.5 9.0

Fast foods D 48.8 57.5 61.5 50.1 63.0 56.3 111.234 <0.001

I 9.4 12.3 11.2 11.0 15.9 12.0

Sugar sweetened beverages (e.g. packaged fruit juice, sweet condensed milk, instant coffee, etc.)

D 45.3 51.4 52.5 48.6 58.3 51.3 101.395 <0.001

I 7.4 13.6 12.9 11.0 16.5 12.4

Canned fish D 18.6 54.6 68.8 45.1 56.5 49.0 450.972 <0.001

I 20.7 10.0 6.9 10.4 11.6 11.9

Processed foods D 43.8 43.9 47.6 43.2 55.1 46.8 107.699 <0.001

I 8.1 12.8 16.2 10.5 17.2 13.0

Chocolate and confectionery D 40.3 47.0 45.3 43.2 56.3 46.5 90.564 <0.001

I 12.0 17.0 16.2 12.6 16.8 15.0

Biscuits, cakes and sweet buns D 41.2 34.6 36.7 37.9 52.1 40.5 128.248 <0.001

I 8.7 20.3 15.7 12.2 17.3 14.9

Something else? D (n=123) 27.6

(n=68) 26.5

(n=76) 47.4

(n=130) 23.1

(n=111) 31.5

(n=508) 30.1

35.094

<0.001

I 13.8 29.4 23.7 16.9 29.7 21.7

Fresh meat D 14.3 12.0 25.5 15.2 15.4 16.5 145.671 <0.001

I 27.7 33.3 26.5 27.6 44.7 32.1

Legumes (peas and beans) D 9.4 6.4 20.4 11.4 10.7 11.7 313.071 <0.001

I 29.3 56.0 35.0 32.0 56.7 42.1

Fresh fish D 14.8 6.3 12.7 10.8 8.1 10.5 249.409 <0.001

I 31.5 55.3 45.1 39.4 66.3 47.8

Fruit D 6.9 4.2 9.9 5.8 7.5 6.9 245.773 <0.001

I 47.5 71.5 58.9 51.4 75.7 61.2

Root vegetables (carrots, sweet potatoes, turnips etc) D 6.6 4.2 8.5 6.4 7.3 6.6 286.600 <0.001

I 40.2 65.7 53.8 47.0 74.8 56.6

Green leafy vegetables (e.g. cabbage, broccoli, bok choi) D 6.8 3.8 7.6 4.9 6.0 5.8 258.946 <0.001

I 43.6 71.5 60.4 56.0 77.2 62.0

Table 20. Foods providers’ attempts to decrease or increase their own intakes of foods. (% decreased D, ratings 1+2 / % increased I, ratings 4+5).


FOOD KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS NEEDED

Respondents were asked which food knowledge and skills do consumers ‘need: How important are the following types of food knowledge and skills

for today’s consumers to enable them consume healthy foods?

(Scale: Five point Not Important to Very important)

Melbourne n=769

Shanghai n=807

Indonesia n=788

Singapore n=771

Vietnam n=810

Total n=3945

Chi Sq P

The effects of food on people’s health 77.0 86.4 87.4 70.0 82.5 80.8 122.254 <0.001

The nutrient composition of foods 75.9 85.0 88.8 68.0 82.7 80.2 162.418 <0.001

How to prepare food safely 77.6 83.5 86.3 70.4 81.9 80.0 79.239 <0.001

The functions of key nutrients 72.6 83.8 86.9 69.3 78.0 78.2 120.002 <0.001

How to read food labels 75.8 77.9 80.2 69.9 71.2 75.0 64.063 <0.001

Appropriate serving sizes 75.2 73.9 84.8 65.2 74.1 74.7 106.213 <0.001

Cooking skills 76.2 79.1 77.8 59.1 76.5 73.8 123.861 <0.001

How to maintain a secure food supply 60.1 84.1 79.3 58.4 72.5 71.1 213.580 <0.001

How food is regulated 58.1 83.8 74.1 57.7 75.1 70.0 215.245 <0.001

Meal planning skills 71.8 74.0 69.5 61.3 72.2 69.8 74.136 <0.001

How foods are processed by food companies 62.5 77.7 75.8 62.4 66.4 69.0 121.223 <0.001

The environmental impact of food production systems 55.8 78.2 79.2 58.0 65.7 67.5 198.552 <0.001

How food is grown 61.0 69.5 76.9 55.3 71.5 66.9 114.676 <0.001

Budgeting skills 72.0 59.0 75.9 52.8 67.0 65.3 147.522 <0.001

Food terminology (e.g. “organic”, healthy) 61.0 68.4 72.5 55.8 64.3 64.5 84.751 <0.001

How to make ethical decisions about food e.g. buying Fair Trade products

49.8 76.0 58.9 46.3 55.3 57.4 200.233 <0.001

Animal welfare issues 46.8 63.1 55.8 42.0 55.4 52.8 107.739 <0.001

foods are marketed and advertised 52.8 53.5 63.1 49.9 38.9 51.6 181.670 <0.001

Table 21. Food providers’ views of the importance of types of food knowledge and skills for today’s consumers (% Important, rating 4+5).


FOOD SHOPPING

Respondents were asked: Where and how often do you usually do the main food shopping for your household? (That is, purchasing fruit and

vegetables, bakery goods, meats and fish, tea and coffee etc.)

(Scale 5 point: Never/ occasionally, once a month / once a week/ 2-3 times weekly/ everyday

Melbourne

n=769

Shanghai

n=807

Indonesia

n=788

Singapore

n=771

Vietnam

n=810

Total

n=3945

Chi Sq P

a) A Traditional market 5.7 64.4 53.7 21.1 79.3 45.4 1425.856 <0.001

b) Supermarket 41.7 40.3 31.0 39.8 37.3 38.0 207.001 <0.001

c) Local stores 15.9 36.8 49.1 25.2 55.4 36.7 382.244 <0.001

d) Shop online 3.0 11.4 2.5 7.0 6.5 6.1 277.839 <0.001

Table 22. Where food providers do their main food shopping for the household (% 2-3 times per week/everyday).


Respondents were asked: During the past month how often have you bought a food or a beverage from:

( Scale 5 point: No/once or twice/yes, several times/ every day/several times a day)

Melbourne n=769

Shanghai n=807

Indonesia n=788

Singapore n=771

Vietnam n=810

Total n=3945

Chi Sq P

A supermarket 75.0 74.5 62.9 73.7 74.0 72.0 51.419 <0.001

A market 24.3 74.5 68.8 51.0 88.3 61.8 943.076 <0.001

A greengrocer 36.8 74.0 69.7 35.7 76.0 58.8 645.687 <0.001

A canteen (or similar) at your workplace 12.7 60.3 54.1 48.6 50.5 45.5 879.314 <0.001

A sit down restaurant 23.5 49.4 54.1 40.6 46.9 43.1 317.284 <0.001

A convenience store (e.g 7 eleven) 14.7 52.2 65.4 28.8 37.3 39.9 855.912 <0.001

A café 26.8 34.8 25.1 38.4 47.8 34.7 135.912 <0.001

A street stall or small shop 12.4 25.9 40.1 33.6 54.6 33.5 631.829 <0.001

A fast food restaurant (e.g. McDonalds, KFC) 21.5 32.0 28.8 34.5 32.6 29.9 121.128 <0.001

A sports venue 10.4 23.5 18.4 18.2 31.5 20.5 218.159 <0.001

A cinema or theatre 9.6 23.2 16.6 21.8 29.9 20.3 206.874 <0.001

A petrol station 11.7 22.6 15.4 21.4 28.1 19.9 130.852 <0.001

A newsagent 8.2 23.4 12.6 19.5 30.6 19.0 256.617 <0.001

A vending machine 10.3 24.2 10.7 21.1 23.2 18.0 217.976 <0.001

Table 23. How often food providers have purchased a food or beverage from the above sources (% everyday/several times a day).

Do you often obtain/purchase food from street food vendors? Melbourne

n=769

Shanghai

n=807

Indonesia

n=788

Singapore

n=771

Vietnam

n=810

Total

n=3945

Chi Sq P

Yes 10.4 19.0 51.4 35.7 53.3 34.1 513.615 <0.001

Table 24. Food providers who obtain/purchase food from street food vendors (% Yes).


If yes, how often do you visit a street food vendor? Melbourne n=80

Shanghai n=153

Indonesia n=405

Singapore n=275

Vietnam n=432

Total n=1345

Chi Sq P

a) Once a month/occasionally 48.8 26.1 29.6 35.6 30.8 32.0 67.040 <0.001 b) Once a week 38.8 36.6 32.6 37.5 21.5 30.9

c) 2-3 times weekly 11.3 29.4 30.1 22.9 36.3 29.4

d) Everyday 1.3 7.8 7.7 4.0 11.3 7.7

Table 25. Frequency that food providers obtain/purchase food from street food vendors (%).

If yes, what foods do you usually purchase there? Melbourne n=80

Shanghai n=153

Indonesia n=405

Singapore n=275

Vietnam n=432

Total n=1345

Chi Sq P

b) Snack 47.5 69.9 64.9 57.5 76.2 66.5 42.429 <0.001

c) Side dish 31.3 49.7 56.3 35.6 57.6 50.3 50.422 <0.001

d) Beverages 40.0 52.3 47.9 45.1 53.7 49.2 8.929 0.063

a) Whole meal 47.5 30.7 35.3 35.6 27.3 33.0 16.121 0.003

e) Something else, please describe……………………. 1.3 4.6 3.0 0.4 6.0 3.5 18.219 0.001

Table 26. What foods are purchased form street food vendors (%).

Table 27. What foods are purchased form street food vendors?

What foods are purchased form street food vendors _ other_please describe

Melbourne Cashews r=1 Fresh cashews (NB only 1 response)



Singapore Icecream r=1 Icecream (NB only 1 response)



If yes, what are your reasons for purchasing from a street vendor (multiple response)

Melbourne

n=80

Shanghai

n=153

Indonesia

n=405

Singapore

n=275

Vietnam

n=432

Total

n=1345

Chi Sq P

a) Practical 46.3 54.2 73.1 47.3 87.5 68.7 166.955 <0.001

b) Cheap 56.3 62.1 67.9 65.5 61.1 63.9 6.799 0.147

c) Tastes good 60.0 49.0 28.9 53.8 40.3 41.8 58.667 <0.001

d) Other reason, please describe …………………… 3.8 7.8 5.2 2.9 2.1 3.9 12.531 0.014

Table 28. Reasons for purchasing food from a street vendor (%).

Table 29. Reasons for purchasing food from a street vendor .

Reasons for purchasing food from a street vendor _ other_please describe

Melbourne They need to be paid too r=1

Out shopping quick and easy r=1

Handy for a bottle of water r=1

They need to be paid too

Out shopping quick and easy

Handy for a bottle of water



Singapore Convenient r=4 no choice r=1

don't feel like cooking r=1

different r=1

cravings r=1

Convenient no choice

don't feel like cooking

different

cravings



Questions about supermarkets:

How much emphasis does your main supermarket place on the promotion of “unhealthy” foods like soft drinks, chocolate and chips (crisps)?

Melbourne

n=769

Shanghai

n=807

Indonesia

n=788

Singapore

n=771

Vietnam

n=810

Total

n=3945

Chi Sq P

A very strong influence 35.8 34.9 21.7 27.9 31.0 30.3 103.607 <0.001

Table 30. Respondents’ views of supermarkets’ influence on the promotion of “unhealthy” foods like soft drinks, chocolate and chips (% influence, ratings 4+5).

(Scale 5 point: 1(little influence)------2------3------4------5 (very strong influence ))

Overall, do you think supermarkets are a positive or negative influence on the diets of people in your area?

Melbourne

n=769

Shanghai

n=807

Indonesia

n=788

Singapore

n=771

Vietnam

n=810

Total

n=3945

Chi Sq P

A positive influence 18.3 47.5 19.7 24.5 51.6 32.6 454.494 <0.001

Table 31. Respondents’ views of supermarkets’ positive influence on people’s diets. (% influence, ratings 4+5).

(Scale 5 point: 1(negative influence)------2------3------4------5 (positive influence ))

Overall, do you think that supermarkets are a negative or positive influence on other local food retailers in your area?

Melbourne

n=769

Shanghai

n=807

Indonesia

n=788

Singapore

n=771

Vietnam

n=810

Total

n=3945

Chi Sq P

A positive influence 17.8 45.6 25.0 26.6 44.3 32.1 339.387 <0.001

Table 32. Respondents’ views of supermarkets’ positive influence on local retailers. (% influence, ratings 4+5).

(Scale 5 point: 1(negative influence)------2------3------4------5 (positive influence ))


FOOD SAFETY AND THE ENVIRONMENT

Respondents were asked: When buying food, how important to you are the following safety and quality concerns? (Scale: Six Point: Not important(1) Very important (5) Don’t Know (6) )

Melbourne

n=769

Shanghai

n=807

Indonesia

n=788

Singapore

n=771

Vietnam

n=810

Total

n=3945

Chi Sq P

The food producer maintains control of hygiene 78.2 85.9 89.5 69.4 82.6 81.2 125.890 <0.001

The shop or retailer maintains control of hygiene 78.8 84.4 89.1 70.8 80.4 80.8 96.250 <0.001

Government authorities enforce strict hygienic standards for food

74.0 87.5 79.4 69.9 78.8 78.0 92.167 <0.001

The food is labelled with full product information 71.9 84.8 85.7 61.9 79.8 76.9 177.190 <0.001

Local hygiene inspectors visit the place regularly 69.7 79.4 66.6 63.0 72.2 70.3 66.236 <0.001

You know where the food originates from 53.2 69.9 69.2 52.9 83.5 66.0 246.468 <0.001

You know the shop from previous experience 53.3 70.6 61.3 50.8 60.1 59.4 92.251 <0.001

You know the staff personally 20.8 36.4 21.4 24.8 37.0 28.2 155.783 <0.001

Table 33. Food Providers safety and quality concerns when buying food (% importance, rating 4+5).


Respondents were asked: How often does your household do any of the following?

(Scale 5 point: Never/Rarely/Not Sure/ Quite often/Often)

Melbourne

n=769

Shanghai

n=807

Indonesia

n=788

Singapore

n=771

Vietnam

n=810

Total

n=3945

Chi Sq P

Use my own carry bags when shopping instead of plastic bags 60.3 81.0 32.6 38.7 37.7 50.1 621.628 <0.001

Buy/eat food that has been grown locally (i.e. within 100km of your city)

43.0 59.4 35.2 27.0 54.7 44.1 370.958 <0.001

Eat less meat 31.9 54.8 46.4 35.9 47.4 43.4 222.372 <0.001

Buy/use organic food products 28.6 64.2 44.2 25.4 52.0 43.2 582.322 <0.001

Avoid purchasing products in non-environmentally friendly packages (e.g. plastic packaging, excess packaging)

33.4 63.6 35.9 25.6 37.5 39.4 321.479 <0.001

Compost household food scraps 33.6 29.2 12.9 16.0 16.2 21.5 256.988 <0.001

Table 34. Food Providers environmental behaviours (% often, rating 4+5).


PERSONAL VALUES (GUIDING PRINCIPLES IN LIFE)

Respondents were asked: How well do the following statements ACTUALLY describe you and your approach to life?

(Scale: 5 point: Not like me at all/not like me/a little like me/like me/very much like me)

Melbourne n=769

Shanghai n=807

Indonesia n=788

Singapore n=771

Vietnam n=810

Total n=3945

Chi Sq P

I believe everyone should have equal opportunities in life no matter who, where, or what they are.

76.6 74.1 81.7 68.7 76.2 75.5 38.789 <0.001

I believe it’s important that every person in the world should be treated equally no matter who, where, or what they are.

73.5 70.8 81.0 66.1 73.1 72.9 58.703 <0.001

I am a loyal friend and devoted to the people close to me. 79.1 67.0 66.9 64.6 75.9 70.7 66.575 <0.001

I prefer to live in secure surroundings and avoid doing things that might endanger my safety.

61.6 63.3 69.4 59.1 71.5 65.1 47.675 <0.001

I always try to be humble and modest and not draw attention to myself.

61.8 57.4 77.3 62.0 66.0 64.9 109.460 <0.001

I am always willing to listen to people who are different and even when I disagree with them I still want to understand them.

62.8 59.9 71.6 55.0 71.4 64.2 76.103 <0.001

I am free to make my own decisions about what I do and I’m not dependant on others.

64.9 65.6 67.3 60.1 63.0 64.2 51.175 <0.001

I always try to help people around me and to care for their well-being.

70.2 54.4 67.1 57.3 71.4 64.1 89.327 <0.001

I care for nature and always look after the environment. 59.8 71.6 71.8 54.6 58.1 63.3 106.847 <0.001

I like to do things on my own 55.8 61.8 69.7 60.6 68.5 63.3 55.037 <0.001

I believe that the government needs to be strong and ensure my safety against all threats

58.8 71.9 50.0 61.9 64.0 61.4 169.937 <0.001

I always try to behave properly and to avoid doing anything people would say is wrong.

57.1 44.1 61.8 52.0 68.9 56.8 135.205 <0.001

I always think up new ideas, be original and creative, and do things my own way.

44.2 56.3 70.4 50.6 59.1 56.2 142.443 <0.001

I always try to follow the rules of society and do what is expected of me, even when no one is watching.

54.7 54.4 61.8 48.6 56.2 55.2 36.094 <0.001


I adhere to traditions and try to follow the customs handed down to me by religion or family.

43.6 58.5 64.5 44.0 53.1 52.8 163.161 <0.001

I take every chance I have to seek out fun and to always do the things that give me pleasure.

35.1 63.9 47.6 42.0 70.4 52.1 334.107 <0.001

I like to be constantly surprised, to do many different things in my life, and always look for new things to do.

39.0 48.2 54.9 44.0 52.3 47.8 73.281 <0.001

I always like to show my abilities and to be admired for what I do.

37.2 59.1 46.8 41.8 47.3 46.6 110.440 <0.001

I always try to get respect from others and to get them to do as I say.

33.9 55.1 22.1 44.2 64.4 44.2 673.461 <0.001

I always try to have a good time and to spoil myself 30.4 30.1 57.6 41.8 59.8 44.0 411.864 <0.001

I like being seen as very successful and recognised by others for my achievements.

27.3 59.2 36.9 43.1 48.4 43.2 311.529 <0.001

I always seek adventure and take risks to lead an exciting life. 25.1 30.2 41.9 36.3 39.0 34.6 151.912 <0.001

I feel it’s important to be rich and have a lot of money and expensive things.

16.8 44.9 29.7 34.4 35.8 32.4 264.500 <0.001

Table 35. Food providers’ personal values (% like me, ratings 4+5).


BACKGROUND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SAMPLE

Melbourne n=769

Shanghai n=807

Indonesia n=788

Singapore n=771

Vietnam n=810

Total % n=3945

Gender

% Female 58.4 57.2 59.5 49.3 60.5 57.3

Age (range: 18-64)

Mean 41.43 37.81 32.97 37.45 29.25 35.72

Std. Deviation 12.698 10.527 9.071 11.682 7.353 11.232

What is your marital status?

Married/defacto 61.0 77.4 57.2 55.3 51.4 60.4

Single & separated, divorced, widowed 38. 7 22.5 42.3 44.8 47.9 39.2

Education

Bachelor degree/ Graduate Diploma / Graduate Certificate/pg degree 58.9 89.5 80.8 74.2 90.7 78.8

Residential accommodation

House (detached, terraced or semi-detached) 73.7 12.8 76.5 8.0 61.5 46.5

Flat or apartment 12.4 59.5 4.4 87.9 19.8 36.7

Unit (one of a group of small ground floor houses) 12.1 27.1 15.4 2.2 14.4 14.4

Own or rent accommodation

Fully own – no mortgage/loan 26.4 66.8 51.4 43.2 67.4 51.4

Own – have a mortgage (buying with a loan) 39.4 22.4 15.7 41.9 6.4 24.9

Rent – private accommodation 29.0 7.9 24.7 5.4 22.0 17.8

Rent – public or government housing 5.2 2.9 1.5 9.5 4.2 4.6

How many people reside in the accommodation

Number of adults (including respondent) 2.28 2.86 3.37 3.26 3.79 3.12

Number of children between 0 and 5 years 0.34 0.36 0.54 0.37 0.76 0.48

Number of children between 6 and 12 0.26 0.17 0.41 0.30 0.38 0.30

Number of children between 13 and 18 0.21 0.15 0.32 0.29 0.30 0.25

Pregnant or lactating women in the household

Yes 7.7 8.4 17.4 9.5 24.4 13.6

People in the household 60 years and over

Yes 16.8 29.0 25.6 29.8 34.4 27.2

How many people 60 years and over (mean) 1.4 1.6 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4


Table 36. The reported background characteristics of the respondents in the five countries.

.

Items in the home

Smartphone/ Android phone 1.7 2.2 2.2 2.7 2.0 2.2

Computers (desktop or laptop) 1.9 2.0 1.7 2.3 1.8 2.0

TV’s 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.9

DVD/VCD players 1.4 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.1

Ipad/Samsung tablets, etc. 0.8 1.0 0.9 1.1 0.7 0.9

Video game players (e.g. Playstation®, Nintendo DS) 1.0 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.4 0.6

CVD/VCD recorders (include Foxtel IQ and TiVo) 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.4

BMI

Mean 26.89 23.60 23.11 23.08 20.81 23.47

Std. Deviation 7.03 6.92 5.17 4.53 3.32 5.91

THE FAMILIES AND FOOD SURVEY 2014 · Respondents were asked: Look at the food related habits below....

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Transcript of THE FAMILIES AND FOOD SURVEY 2014 · Respondents were asked: Look at the food related habits below....