The Experiential Essence of Entrepreneurial Learning
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Transcript of The Experiential Essence of Entrepreneurial Learning
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The Experiential Essence of Entrepreneurial Cognition:
How Understanding Entrepreneurial Thinking
Enhances Teaching & Practice
Norris Krueger, PhD –
Entrepreneurship Northwest
July 2012
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=exmwSxv7XJI
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See a difference/
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We know how to teach individuals (and organizations and communities)
to think more entrepreneurially, to truly make a difference; we now
understand why and how.
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Overview
Important new theory & evidence Replicable models of entrepreneurial
learning Antecedents & consequences of
entrepreneurial learning Implications for teaching, practice,
public policy
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Important new theory & evidence
Critical review: entrepreneurial cognition entrepreneurial learning
processes
Exciting new multi-disciplinary opportunities e.g. neuro-entrepreneurship
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Entrepreneurial Thinking: A primer?
Intentions: From intent to “informed” intent?
Basic model:
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Entrepreneurial Intentions
Perceived Social Norms
Personal Desirability
Perceived Self-Efficacy
Perceived Collective Efficacy
Perceived Desirability
Perceived Feasibility
INTENTIONS
Precipitating Event
PERCEPTION of OPPORTUNITY
Action
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Entrepreneurial Learning: from Novice to Expert!
Knowledge Content? or Structure?
Perceived Barriers? Pattern recognition?
Deep Beliefs (role identity?) Importance of understanding
entrepreneurial emotion
Understanding cognitive change...
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Two Ways to Learn
Behavioristic- fill the bucket
-define the buckets
Constructivistic- light the fire (or fan it!)
- assume knowledge structures evolve(often discontinuously)
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Novice ExpertEntrepreneurial
Mindset
Critical Developmental Experiences
Change in what we know (content)
Change in how we know it (knowledge structures)
Change in Deep Beliefs
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Key Mechanisms
What truly induces transformative learning?
Key developmental experiences?
What do entrepreneurship classes actually do?
HOW do we support? (ecosystem?)
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Transformative Learning
• There is excellent theory to support– Constructivism– Mental prototyping, role identity– Cognitive developmental psych– Cognitive & social neuroscience
• There is excellent empirical evidence– Even in entrepreneurial settings! – Changes in key mental prototypes• And a lot more data about to be released• 2011: ISEEO, GUESSS; 2012: Neergaard
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Keys to Transformative Learning
• “Book Throwing”– Constructivist versus Behaviorist– Entrep educators have always been
constructivistic (cue Voltaire)• Neuro-entrepreneurship?*
– Neuroplasticity– Emotions– Deep beliefs (Neo, take the...)
• Centrality of Action * if curious http://www.slideshare.net/norriskrueger/icsb-
2010-neuroentrepreneurship
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Accelerating Learning
• Problem-Based Learning (“authentic” questions)
• Two overlapping themes:• IMMERSION – Action before thinking• MENTORING – Learn the right lessons
– Expert mentors– Peer mentors
– Or THREE? Ecosystem that supports all of this?
– Social infrastructure; cognitive infrastructure– http://bit/ly/EcoSys
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So what IS this “entrepreneurial mindset” anyway??
• Thoughts? Which are the hardest to change? – (More important for here... what can we measure?)
Seeing opportunities• Seeing self as entrepreneur (role identity)• Strategic thinking• Dot-connecting / pattern recognition• Effectual thinking (bricolage, improv)• Optimist (attributional)• Metacognition• Counterfactual thinking• Bias for action (vs. FoF!)• Value creation as sine qua non (Market-pull?)
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Replicable models of entrepreneurial learning
Key entrepreneurial training methods maximize entrepreneurial learning deep, transformative learning
Existing practices that demonstrably grow entrepreneurial thinking
Concrete examples: program level course level
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Existing Best Practices
that demonstrably grow entrepreneurial thinking... Action learning
e.g., Living cases Problem-based learning Counterfactual thinking Explicit script building Active reflection (collaborative)
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But….
Not just universities
It is the entire ecosystem
Follow the entrepreneurs
Help them!
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Immersion/Mentoring
Chalmers/Gothenburg NU Singapore The Foundry (Utah) http://business.utah.edu/node/1203/ TechStars (www.techstars.org) Startup Weekend
www.startupweekend.org Lean Startup
http://www.slideshare.net/sblank/successful-entrepreneurship-1
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Critical Implications
For teaching? For training?
For practice?
For public policy?
(and... for research?)
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Implications: Teaching
Need to be constructivistic Need to understand entrepreneurial
thinking Need to understand expert thinking Need to address deep beliefs Instructor MUST understand – or
share- the expert mindset.
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Implications: Public Policy
Entrepreneurial Potential = F(quantity and quality of potential entrepreneurs)
Promote educational activities that nurture expert entrepreneurial thinking .
Support similar mechanisms for growing an entrepreneurial community
Program leaders MUST understand – or share- the expert mindset.
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Implications: for Entrepreneurs
Work toward expert thinking – lifelong process?
Understand their own deep beliefs Good entrepreneurs are good at dot-
connecting; great entrepreneurs... Make sure your advisors understand
the “Entrepreneur Mind”(tm).
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To those who want to really make a difference:
We know how to teach individuals (and organizations and communities) to think more entrepreneurially.
We now understand why and how.
How can we translate these insights into helping communities worldwide?
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If you want to get involved in projects – research or applied:
Norris Krueger: [email protected] @entrep_thinking Facebook LinkedIn
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Implications: Research Focus on expert entrepreneurial
thinking Focus on emotions Focus on cognitive change Focus on deep cognitive change Take advantage of:
Multi-disciplinary approaches New tools – theory & method
Take advantage of... us
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Research Agenda: Antecedents & Consequences Antecedents
Impact of teaching/training methods Impact of instructor characteristics (e.g.,
mental models) Impact of context (including students) Developmental experiences?
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Research Agenda: Antecedents & Consequences
Consequences Change in intent (Informed intent?) Change in knowledge content? Change in knowledge structure? Change in deep beliefs? How will we know?
Better dot-connecting? Amygdala lights up differently?