The Expansion of the Inca Empire Original Information from TCI Modified by Stephanie Andrews and...
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![Page 1: The Expansion of the Inca Empire Original Information from TCI Modified by Stephanie Andrews and Stephanie Bohn.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062407/56649d9c5503460f94a84673/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Expansion of the Inca Empire
Original Information from TCI Modified by Stephanie Andrews and Stephanie Bohn
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Adapting to Life in the Andes
3.1 A
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Machu Picchu
• Ancient city of the Inca located in the Andes, in northwest Peru.
• It is one example among hundreds of Inca ruins.
• Hiram Bingham rediscovered it in 1911.
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Coastal Desert of Peru
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Challenges of Life in the Empire
• The empire was incredibly large, 2,500 miles in length.
• It had a variable landscape of coastal deserts, lofty Andes mountain ranges, and rain forests.
• The climate ranged from tropical to polar. • More than six million people had to be fed
each day.
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Quinoa Fields
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Inca Agricultural Techniques
• The Inca terraced the mountain sides and used guano as fertilizer.
• They channeled water and diverted rivers to irrigate arid areas.
• The Inca filled and drained marshes to produce suitable farmland.• They produced corn, many varieties of
potatoes, quinoa, and many other crops.
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A Terraced Farm
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Expansion of the Inca Empire
3.1B
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Pachacuti (1438-1463)• He had a vision that convinced him to
use warfare to spread Inca culture.• By promising peace and gifts, backed
by threats, he won many battles. • He forced conquered peoples to
obey Inca leaders and learn Quechua. • Pachacuti allowed the conquered
people to keep their native language, leaders, and gods.
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Topa Inca Yupanqui (1463-1493)
• He was Pachacuti’s son.• He ruled an enormous empire. • Yupanqui used innovativetechniques to collect taxes.
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Huayna Capac (1493-1525)
• He ruled at the high point of the Inca empire.• He fathered two sons, Atahualpa and Huascar,
who didn’t trust each other. • Priests favored Huascar for the next leader
and the Army favored Atahualpa. • This led to a six year civil war. • Atahualpa eventually won, but the wars
weakened the Inca empire.
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Inca Social and Political Organization
3.1C
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Sapa Inca• Sapa Inca was considered a descendant of the
Sun God; He ruled by divine right.• His subjects were not allowed to look him in
the eye nor did he walk as a mortal. He was carried in a golden litter.
• He married Coya, the empress.
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Nobles• Capac Incas were noble by blood. • They controlled land and valuable resources. • Their duties included running the government, army, and priesthood. • Nobles would become the governors of the four quarters.
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Used Quipu to Keep Records• Quipu was a method of knotted strings of
wool or cotton. • This system was used to keep records of
numbers of llamas, quantities, of corn, or the number of days commoners worked for the government.
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Households• The empire was divided into households. • Every 10 households were governed by the
head of one household who reported to the heads of other households.
• This allowed the Inca to control the economy of diverse communities and collect taxes easily.
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Laws
• The state (empire) designated a job for everyone.
• All had to help with large scale Inca projects, i.e. the army or roads.
• In addition to working their own land, commoners worked Inca fields and contributed food and cloth to state warehouses.
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Good bye for now!