The Evolution of Value Chains and Recycling Opportunities in the Informal Management of Municipal...
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The Evolution of Value Chains and Recycling Opportunities in the Informal Management of Municipal Solid Waste of Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria By Abdullahi Yusuf Rigasa -KASU, Nigeria Badamasi, Abdul Gambo – Kadpoly, Nigeria Abdulkarim, Bala Isah - UniAbuja,
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Third world countries, Nigeria in particular have become a dumping ground for end-of-use technologies and equipment from the developed world. Although the country is oil rich, it suffers from energy deprivation with erratic power/ fuel supply. The country relies on exports of its resources for foreign exchange thereby depriving local businesses the raw materials required for industrial development. Kaduna is an emerging city undergoing rapid urbanization. Degradable and combustible solid wastes, metal scraps and plastics can be separated at source and use as raw materials for local industries. The current strategy and infrastructure for solid waste management are grossly inadequate. The challenge therefore is to develop a sustainable strategy for optimized energy generation and resource recovery from the deprived slums to the affluent districts of the metropolis. This paper reviewed challenges of current strategies and proposed an integrated sustainable solid waste approach for the city. The community based approach emphasizes separation of waste at source and involved the use of anaerobic digestion and incineration for energy generation with the residues used as soil fertilizer. Central to the proposed strategy is the recycling market and the informal waste collectors. The informal sector can move up the waste hierarchy and optimize the value of end-of-waste resources while the recycling market is the place to recover value from various waste products. The strategy encourages integration and will eliminate the need for waste contractors, landfills or waste dumps.
Transcript of The Evolution of Value Chains and Recycling Opportunities in the Informal Management of Municipal...
The Evolution of Value Chains and Recycling Opportunities in the Informal Management of
Municipal Solid Waste of Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria
By Abdullahi Yusuf Rigasa -KASU, NigeriaBadamasi, Abdul Gambo – Kadpoly,
NigeriaAbdulkarim, Bala Isah - UniAbuja,
Nigeria
Outline
• Background • Aim and objectives• Methodology• Kaduna metropolis• The informal sector• Waste Management Services in Kaduna Metropolis• Solid waste Value chains – the evolutionary trend• Solid Waste Value Chain Management - Proposed Strategy• Conclusion and Recommendation
Kaduna Metropolis – background• Location: 100 31" 23' N; 70 26" 25‘ E• Population: 760, 084• Area: 3, 080 Km2
• Local Governments: 23• The people: multi-ethnic/multi-religious• Environmental Assets: Human diversity n Heritage, Biodiversity, arable soil, rivers n lakes, beautiful landscapes etc• Environmental challenges: urbanization, waste management, pollution, loss of soil fertility n communal conflicts, public health n sanitation etc
Kaduna metropolis – facts n figures
Kaduna is an evolving city Rapid urbanization Waste contractors have no technical background in WMS N 110 million/monthly on WMS Inadequate waste management (WM) infrastructure No formal policy on sustainable WM The need for Sustainability in WM Waste could be a resource
Kaduna Metropolis, the current strategy
• Waste collected by contractors or the informal sector• 49 waste contractors as @ 2011• Collection by contractors is free• Informal sector abound but charge a fee• Waste dumps too far• Illegal waste dumps used for disposal• Resource recovery by informal sector• Little cost/resource recovery activities
Categories of Informal sector in Kaduna
Metropolis• Door-to-door waste collectors (barrow boys)• Street waste pickers (women, almajiri)• Itinerant waste buyers (collect sorted wasted for cash or barter)• Scavengers – recover end-of-waste resources for recycling
Recyclables
Recyclables
Solid waste Value chains – the evolutionary trend
Plastics • Status - Currently active• Value chain actors: street
sweepers, scavengers → middlemen/ converters → plastic manufacturers
• Price/ value is demand driven• Current prices
N20/ kg for lowden N40/kg for Highden
(US$1=N155)
Plastic conversion
Solid waste Value chains – the evolutionary trend
Scrap metal• Status – currently active• Value chain actors – scavengers, itinerant
buyers →middlemen/ converters→ steel rolling mills
• Price is quality, quantity and demand driven N20/kg for iron/steel N600/kg for copper N100/kg for aluminium N150/kg for lead
Scrap Metal Conversion
Lead conversion
Solid waste Value chains – the evolutionary trend
Organic matter• Status – passive• Value chain actors - value-pickers/
scavengers, compost plant operators and waste contractors
• Value chain Components – food waste, green waste and Biowaste
• No value• No price
Dynamics of solid waste value chains in Kaduna metropolis
Co-mingledwaste
Sorted Waste
Plastics
METALS
NON METALS
ORGANIC
Food waste
Green wasteBio-waste
PET
PVC
PP
PSHDPE
LDPE
Iron & SteelLead
CopperAluminium
Brass
IngotsSheetsBillets
Pelletized raw mats
BiogasCompost
Waste stream Waste productsWaste resourcesValue addition (sorting/ partial processing)
Conclusions and Recommendations
• Plastics, scrap metals and organic waste are potential viable value chains in Kaduna• Plastics and scrap metals are currently active while organic waste is inactive• Government intervention is critical in stability of plastics and scrap metals• Anaerobic digesters and composting plants are required for activation of the organic waste value chain
Thanks for Listening
