THE EVOLUTION OF TRAINS

8/9/2019 THE EVOLUTION OF TRAINS

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Before the invention of the railroad landtransfers were for millennia in much thesame primitive way: to pull either passengeror freight wagons used the muscularstrength of animals.

But in the early 19th century an unex-pected solution was presented. The use ofmotive power ofsteam resulted in theconstruction of therailroad, which wasthe first motorizedmeans of land trans-port, which not onlygave optimal solutions

for the season, butalso opened a newchapter in global tech-nological develop-ments.

The appearance ofthe station can be installed in the early 18thcentury with the use of a steam engine loco-motive. The first traction engine was de-signed by Englishman

Trevithik. The enginehas developed an aver-age speed of 8 kph.

In Greece the firstrail system opened in1869, the route Ath-ens-Piraeus and was in"Company of ap'Athi-non station in Piraeus.Piraeus station locatedat the current terminalof the power station.

L o c o m o t i v e s .

1416Koralia KontouKoralia KontouKoralia KontouKoralia Kontou

Experimental School of MacedoniaThessaloniki, Greece

[email protected]

THE EVOLUTION OF

TRAINS

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TRAIN IN USE DURING 19TH CENTURY

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THE FIRST TRAIN THAT CIRCULATED IN

ATHENS-PIRAEUS ITINERARY

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Used steam engines, different types ofdiesel engines, and electromechanical.

a) Locomo-tives

They convertheat energy intokinetic. Each en-gine must be filledwith water after

certain hours. Thesteam engine builtby Thomas Shav-ers in 1698 forpumping water isthe first machinebuilt for practicalapplications.

The next im-portant milestone was the camera Niouko-

men Thomas, in 1712, which was im-proved by James Watt.

Since then the engines continued to im-prove and evolve constantly, playing a keyrole in the realization of the Industrial Revo-lution, and of the Industrial Revolution, andthus in the transition from manual mode ofoperation and produc-tion to mechanized.

Also it played an im-

portant role in the devel-opment of navigationand shipping, with theadvent of steamers,which did not depend onwind for propulsion, such as sailing, and theintroduction of railways as the main methodof land transport in developed countries.

b) Diesel EnginesAnd they also convert thermal energy into

kinetic. They are divided into two types:those that directly convert heat energy into EP

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DIESEL ENGINE

HOW STEAM ENGINES WORK


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kinetic and those that convert heat into elec-tricity, which in turn is converted into kineticenergy. These machines are divided into two- stroke and three-stroke, with regard to theproduction of work during the stroke.

c)ElectromechanicalThey convert electrical energy into ki-

netic. The electric motors should be suppliedwith electricity. So over the railways there iselectrical network of constant electricity3.000 V dc or single-phase AC electric motor25.000 V.I has a making system of electricityand a transformer for the degradation of thehigh voltage mains voltage to the motors.

CurrentTrainsThere are trains, of high specifications

such us the type of Intercity (express orregular) and trains (fast, high speed, etc.).The Intercity train is the classification appli-cable to certain long-distance passengertrain in Europe. Such trains (in contrast to

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InterCity . ( , ) . Intercity-Express

ELECTROMECHANICAL ENGINE

THE OVERHEAD TRAM

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Maglev(Magnetically Levitated Train) 581 km/h

regional, local or com-muter trains) enteringport at major stationsonly. The Intercity-Express is a high-speedtrain system usedmainly in Germany but also in neighboringcountries like Switzerland, Austria, Hollandand Belgium.

The ICE in Germany is supposed to be

the flagship of the German trains, and istheir most valuable product. German trains,and is their most valuable product.

Densely populated urban areas usuallyserve three differ-ent operating sys-tems of the rail-ways.

The over-

head tram powerlines, is a wordoriginating fromthe Scottish dic-tionary and de-scribes a smalltrain ,developed inthe late 19th cen-tury.

Metro working with terrestrial electric-ity is a mass transit railway system in the cit-ies. The first subwaywas opened in the Lon-don Unde rg round(1863) and is betterknown as The Tube. Itconsists of 11 lines. Be-sides its age, the Lon-don Underground is themost extensive andlongest in the world.The first metro in conti-

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METRO

THE FASTEST TRAIN IN THE WORLD: THE JAPANESE

(MAGNETICALLY LEVITATED)

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THE SECOND FASTEST TRAIN.

THE FRENCH TGV-POS

TGV- POS




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2/12/2003. TGV-POS( ) 574,8km/h 3/4/2007. dieseltrain Talgo XXI 256.38Km/h 2002.

Gas TurbineTrain TGV 001 - 318Km/h

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Bibliography http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/

Gas_turbine_train; www.ideashelper.com/history-railway-

locomotive-headlamp-14.htm, The Historyof the Railway Locomotive Headlamp;

http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blrailroad.htm, The History ofRailroad InnovationsIconography

http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_-o2xayyG_-8/

Rwf6_EsJQhI/AAAAAAAAADU/lLr1HusR10Y/s1600-h/maglev581.jpg http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_-o2xayyG_-8/

RwftTUsJQdI/AAAAAAAAAC0/1AKsGktHTRU/s1600-h/tgv.bmp

http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_-o2xayyG_-8/Rwf3ZksJQfI/AAAAAAAAADE/1b9_-9RZFJg/s1600-h/fast+diesel.jpg

http://sfrang.com/historia/graphics/fain/imagepages/dampf1.htm

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/ULF.jpg

nental Europe was in Budapest.

The fastest trains in the worldThe Japanese Maglev (Magnetically Levi-

tated Train) magnetic elevation train has thespeed record of 581 km / h on a test line

west of Tokyo on 2/12/2003.The next is the French TGV-POS (it rests

on the rails) is an electromachine andgrabbed the 574,8 km/h on 3/4/2007.

The fastest diesel train is the Spanish

Talgo XXI in 256.38Km/h and did that in2002 and the end leaving the Gas TurbineTrain TGV 001 - 318Km/h.

A gas turbine train is a passenger trainthat utilizes more than one gas turbines asits main source of power. Nowadays,, thesegas turbine trains are used in United King-dom, in France, inUnited States, in Canada.

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GAS TURBINES TRAIN

THE FASTEST DIESEL TRAIN



THE EVOLUTION OF TRAINS

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