The Evolution of E-Learning

Jennifer Lim@mystudiouslife

mystudiouslife@gmail.com

E-Learning• Terms widely used without a standardized

meaning• Guri-Rosenblit & Gros (2011) – use of various web

applications of technologies esp. in learning environments

• Mayes & de Freitas (2004) – use of technology to improve learning experience

• Similar terms used: Internet mediated learning, web-based learning, virtual learning, distance learning, online education

Learning Management System (LMS)

• E-learning is associated with Learning Management System (LMS) (Raja Maznah, 2004)

• LMS widely used in higher education as Course Management System (CMS)

• Educators manage coursework content and learners

• Learners get course information, lecture notes and submit assignments

• LMS is designed to be in educators’ control rather than learners’ control

Different Forms of E-Learning

(Adapted from Bates, 2011 with modification)

E-Learning 2.0 & Web 2.0

• E-learning evolves with Web 2.0 and has become E-learning 2.0 that utilizes the advantage of Web 2.0 applications in education (Downes, 2005).

• Web 2.0 o the platform for the web, where people’s participation and

collaboration harness collective intelligenceo signifies the end of software cycle as software is delivered as

service rather than producto promotes the wisdom of crowds through rich user experience

where dynamic websites replace static ones and syndication technology keeps people together

Web 2.0 ApplicationsCategory Description Types of Application: Examples

Collaboration Applications that allow collaborative authoring content by multiple parties

Wikis: Wikipedia

Communication

Applications that allow synchronous or asynchronous interaction between multiple parties

Email: GmailInstant Messaging: MSN Live, Yahoo MessengerPeer-to-peer: Skype

Relationship management

Applications that allow identity and relationship management via social network

Social network: Facebook, LinkedInSocial citation: Mendeley

Information Applications that allow collection or publishing or sharing of information and facilitating feedback input

Blog: Blogger, WordpressMicroblog: Twitter, PlurkMedia Sharing: Flickr, YouTubeSocial Bookmarking: Diigo

(Amberg et. al., 2009)

Learning ProcessCategories of

Learning ProcessFormal Learning Informal Learning

Browse Lecture notes, presentation slides

Blog, wiki, search engines

Network Peers and experts (i.e. educators) in class/institution

Peers and experts (i.e. community of practice) around the world

Collect Notes, reference books, journal articles, etc.

Social bookmarking, RSS, annotations, social citation, etc.

Create Written assignments, presentation slides, artifacts (i.e. program, design, etc.)

Blog post, video, presentation slides, etc.

Communicate Email, bulletin board, face-to-face discussion

Microblogging (i.e. Twitter), Skype, etc.

Share Presentation among peers in class or institution

Media sharing, presentation sharing, social bookmarking, social citation

(Amberg et. al., 2009)

Learner Autonomy• Autonomy – taking control of one’s own learning

and it’s a combination of direct and indirect observable behaviors during the learning process (Benson, 2007)

• Personal autonomy is practiced within the learning process, where learners are actively participating in their daily learning activities

• Ability to become self regulated and be responsible for own learning – the more responsible, the higher the motivation in learning (Lin & Overbaugh, 2011)

Pedagogy to Heutagogy

(Recreated based on Blaschke, 2012 & Canning, 2010)

References• Amberg, M., Reinhardt, M., Haushahn, M., & Hofmann, P. (2009). Designing an Integrated Web-based

Personal Learning Environment based on the Crucial Success Factors of Social Networks. Research, Reflections and Innovations in Integrating ICT in Education, 1, 1075–1080.

• Bates, T. (2011). Understanding Web 2.0 and its Implications for E-Learning. Web 2.0-Based E-Learning: Applying Social Informatics for Tertiary Teaching, 21-42.

• Benson, P. (2007). Autonomy and its role in learning. International Handbook of English Language Teaching (pp. 733–745). Springer.

• Blaschke, L. (2012). Heutagogy and lifelong learning: A review of heutagogical practice and self-determined learning. The International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 13(1), 56-71.

• Canning, N. (2010). Playing with heutagogy: exploring strategies to empower mature learners in higher education. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 34(1), 59-71. doi:10.1080/03098770903477102

• Downes, S. (2005). E-Learning 2.0. eLearn Magazine. Retrieved from http://www.elearnmag.org/subpage.cfm?section=articles&article=29-1

• Guri-Rosenblit, Sarah, & Gros, B. (2011). E-Learning: Confusing Terminology, Research Gaps and Inherent Challenges. The Journal Of Distance Education / Revue De L’ÉDucation à Distance, 25(1).

• Lin, S., & Overbaugh, R. C. (2011). Autonomy of participation and ICT literacy in a self-directed learning environment (SDLE). Quality & Quantity, 1-13. Springer Netherlands. doi:10.1007/s11135-011-9505-2

• Mayes, T., & de Freitas, S. (2004). JISC e-learning models desk study. Retrieved June 27, 2011, from http://www.jisc.org.uk/uploaded_documents/Stage 2 Learning Models (Version 1).pdf

• Raja Maznah, R. H. (2004). eLearning in Higher Education Institutions in Malaysia. E-mentor, 5(7), 72-75.

Thank You

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