The European UnionThe European Union

The E.U. and the United StatesThe E.U. and the United States

Thinking About The EU

A. What’s in a Name?

B. Who’s in, who’s out?

C. Three Pillars: economics, justice, and foreign relations

Thinking About The EU

D. Key Questionsi. What are the origins of the EU?

ii. What is its political culture and how does it shape participation?

iii. What are the main decision-making institutions?

iv. What is its public policy?

v. How does that feed back to the European people?

The Evolution of the EU1951 European Steel and Coal Community

-Treaty of Paris1957 European Economic Community

-Treaty of Rome1967 European Community

-CAP (Common Ag Policy),- EMS (Euro. Monetary Sys.,-COREPER (Committee of Permanent Representatives)

1991 European Union- Maastricht Treaty

2002 Monetary Union

1951 Treaty of Paris European Steel and Coal CommunityFrance, West Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Luxemburg,

Belgium

Council of MinistersCabinet Members

of National GovernmentsPower of Policy Making

Common Assemblychosen by

National ParliamentsPower of Review

High Authoritychosen by National Governments

Power of Implementation

Court of Justicechosen and supervised

by National GovernmentsPower of Adjudication

1957 Treaty of RomeEuropean Economic Community

France, West Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Luxemburg, Belgium

Council of MinistersCabinet Members

of National GovernmentsPower of Policy Making

European Parliamentchosen by

National ParliamentsPower of Review

High Commissionchosen by National Governments

Power of Implementation

European Court of JusticeChosen by National Governments

Power of Adjudication

1967 Merger Treaties*European Community

France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Luxemburg, Belgium, 1973 - Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom

1981 -Greece, Spain, Portugal

Council of MinistersCabinet Members

of National GovernmentsPower of Policy Making

European Parliamentchosen by Direct Election

Power of Review and Amendment

High Commissionchosen by National Governments

Power of Implementation

European Court of JusticeChosen by National Governments

Power of Adjudication

*Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), European Monetary System (EMS), Committee of Permanent Representatives (COREPER)

1991 MaastrichtTreatyEuropean Union

France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Luxemburg, Belgium, Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom, Greece, Spain, Portugal,

1995 - Austria, Finland, Sweden2004 – Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia

2007 – Bulgaria, RomaniaCandidate Membership – Macedonia, Croatia, Turkey

Council of MinistersCabinet Members

of National GovernmentsPower of Policy Making

European Parliamentchosen by Direct Election

Power of Review and Amendment

European Commissionchosen by Council of Ministers

Power of Implementation

European Court of JusticeChosen by National Governments

Power of Adjudication

European Court of AuditorsChosen by National Governments

Power of Adjudication

Rejected Membership in referendums: Switzerland 1994, Norway 1994

Membership Application Rejected: Morocco 1987

Popular Culture and Popular Culture and Participation in the EUParticipation in the EU

A. Few people identify themselves first as European.

B. Key EU organizations are still superficial

C. Democratic deficit

D. Lack of common language

E. Deepening and Broadening

The European State?The European State?A. The CommissionB. The Council

i. General Affairs Councilii. European Counciliii. COREPRERiv. Qualified voting majority

C. The European Court of JusticeD. The European Parliament

Decision Making in the E.U.Decision Making in the E.U.

Public Policy in the EUPublic Policy in the EU

A. The Internal Market

B. Common Agricultural Policy

C. Monetary Union

D. Political Union

European Union DilemmasEuropean Union Dilemmas

A. The Complexities of EU Decision Making

B. Deepening and Broadening

C. The EU and National Sovereignty

D. Expansion