The European ELTScience Case Development

Isobel Hook

Outline

• Some history– Role of OPTICON in

the E-ELT

• Highlights from FP6– Science Working

Group– Community meetings– Science case

development and the DRM

• Plans for FP7

Context

• Before OPTICON ELT in FP6 – OWL 100m concept : internal ESO project– Euro-50 concept

• Science community starting to get involved– OPTICON in FP5 provided the starting point, expanded in FP6

• Substantial technical design work required– initiated ELT Design Study in FP6

The early days: pre 2000• OPTICON was started as a deliberate move to improve European

coordination in optical-IR astronomy• At the time, 2 major astro countries were not in ESO (UK, Spain),

and their future allegiance was unclear• There was very little contact between the many european national

facilities/agencies• Non-national astronomers were allowed national telescope access

on merit, but were not encouraged, and were unfunded to use it: poor precedent

• There were competing future projects (OWL, Euro-50, CFHT-futures), and dreams, no one of which had adequate community or financial support. And many organisational options (ESO, ENO, multi-laterals, eg Gemini, LBT). Europe was at risk of being left behind.

• The EC was starting to get involved in basic science, with unclear future implications for funding and projects. Being involved in EC funding was sensible insurance

The new millenium

• The first Opticon (FP5) Board [04/2000] resolved:OPTICON strongly supports and encourages developments of future large scale astronomical facilities, in particular an extremely large optical/ir ground-based telescope. Opticon establishes a ``Science Case for the Extremely Large Telescope’’ WG, with a goal of developing a draft case by May 2001. The activity will be under the general overview of Roberto Gilmozzi, with the Chairman (GG) and Alvio Renzini (ESO) providing Europe-based joint support for the activities.

• then negotiated agreement between ENO/IAC, ENO board ( Setti), ESO (incl OWL) and Euro-50 for a single European effort. ESO and Opticon had a CfP for leaders of a single ``design independent’’ EC-funded design study. CC and GG appointed the team.

• The goal was to get all Europe on one team.

Building one community all on the same team…

Competing European large telescope projects…

First full European ELT meeting: Turku, 2002

ELT Science meetings

Marseilles 2003

Florence 2004

Marseilles 2006

The OPTICON role in ELT activities

ESOOPTICON

ELT Design study

(technical)

SWG

(science)

ELT Project Offices

(technical)

COMMUNITY

• Jun 2005: OPTICON FP6 Science case for a 50-100m telescope

• Nov 2005: OWL concept review

• Dec 2005: New E-ELT WGs formed (community + ESO)

– Science, AO, Telescope design, Instrumentation and Site reassessed

• May 2006: SWG formally merged with OPTICON ELT activity

• Sep 2006: Design Reference Mission began (SWG+ESO)

• Nov 2006: E-ELT Marseilles Conference

– Baseline 42m E-ELT concept presented to community

• Dec 2006: E-ELT Phase B approval by ESO council

– EU FP6 ELT DS (technical work) aligned – continues until end 2008

• Jan 2008: E-ELT “Prep Phase” Program started (EU FP7)

• Aiming to produce a proposal for construction in June 2010

History of the E-ELT

FP6 OPTICON N3.1: ELT Science Case

• Aim: To develop and promote the ELT science case• Planned deliverables:

– Web site within first 6 months – 1 community Science WG meeting per year– 1 smaller meeting (group Chairs) per year– Major science case documents at mid & end point – Employ a scientist to coordinate this activity– Coordinate with FP6 ELT design study work

• Work has been successful and going to plan – in a rapidly developing environment!

Current role of OPTICON in the E-ELT

• OPTICON is recognised as the crucial link between the community and the new ESO European ELT project

• ESO-OPTICON SWG formed in May 2006– 21 members, 50:50 Community:ESO – co-Chairs Isobel Hook & Marijn Franx– Provides scientific input to ESO ELT project– Provides coordination of effort in the community

• OPTICON has major role in organising community meetings

Science Case Development

• OPTICON Science case documents produced in 2005• ESO SWG science report in April 2006• After merging the SWGs, the OPTICON-ESO SWG

produced the science cases as input to the Design Reference Mission– Now a dedicated WP in FP7 “ELT Prep Phase”

program to produce simulated data for these cases– SWG provides the scientific input and analysis of the

results

DRM output

• Matching of DRM science cases to instrument capabilities has guided the calls for instrumentation studies

• Now using the DRM to assess the impact of site parameters on science

Draft assessment of sensitivity of science cases to site parameters

Currently being reviewed by SWG

Site parameters

DR

M p

ropo

sals

ELT Prep

16

Background on FP7 “E-ELT Prep-Phase” WP on the DRM

■Parallel activity to produce simulated data■Relies on scientific input from the SWG

ELT Prep

17

DRM: status of simulated data

■ 3 Demo casesExo-planets - advancedStellar pops imaging - advancedPhysics of galaxies - completed

10-8 10-7

10-9

10-5

10-9

10-10

Exo-planet imaging in J-band Preliminary (EPICS team)

z~4 rotating disk galaxySimulation (M. Puech):

10-hr integration, MOAO1

arcs

ec

Crowded stellar field in VirgoI and K-band; LTAO(J. Liske)

ELT Prep

18

DRM status II

Stellar disks - started IMF imaging - started Stellar pops spectroscopy –

started Black holes – started High-z galaxy imaging - started CODEX case – advanced

0.9”

JWST ELT + MCAO

z=4 galaxy- Preliminary (M. Puech) Stellar disk in near + mid IR(Pinte & McCaughrean)

CODEX simulation (J. Liske)

5x106 Msun Black Hole at Virgo

(Emsellem)

Other OPTICON E-ELT Activity

Specsim software

• Developed by Nuria Lorente, originally for JWST-MIRI • OPTICON-funded staff effort (few months) used to adapt

the code for E-ELT instruments, especially IFUs– Input

• Source positions• instrumental PSF• Instrument, telescope and sky transmission functions

– Output• Simulated data-cubes that can be analysed in same way as

real data

• Software has been used to simulate EAGLE (multi-IFU) science data. Adaptable to other ELT instruments.

Specsim

Sky BackgroundAtmosphericTransmissions

Targets

Sky Model

Datacube

PSF

Lorente, Glasse, Wright and García-Marín, Proc. SPIE 6274, 62741F (2006)

Web Sites

“Original” OPTICON ELT SWG web site at Oxford

Now hosted at ESO as part of central E-ELT web pages. Includes - • DRM science cases• Reports & presentations community meetings

Future Plans

Revised OPTICON FP7 plan (reduced budget)

• Deliverables/ Tasks– Updated science case to be delivered to ESO as input for

construction proposal– Employ staff to develop ELT science case in the community– SWG travel support– 2 community science meetings

• Effort– I. Hook (lead, part time. Note joint position between U. Oxford

and INAF from 1/1/09) – 1 FTE postdoc-level scientist (could be more than one person)

location(s) TBD• Budget

– Staff : ~ 245 kEuro– SWG and community meetings = 55 kEuro– Total For 3 years = 300 kEuro

Next 12 months

• OPTICON– Sponsor community ELT meetings : Next in Nov 2009 (FP7)– Final FP6 science case report (end 08)– Continued close coordination with technical work

• OPTICON – ESO SWG– Science case and scientific input to DRM – Provide scientific input to E-ELT (on behalf of community)

• (FP6 ELT Design Study)– Technical work continues until December 08

• (E-ELT” Preparatory Phase” in FP7)– DRM science-to-simulation translation work continues until end

2009

Conclusions

• OPTICON provides the link between the E-ELT project and the science community– Community meetings– Science case documents– Scientific input to the E-ELT project

• www.eso.org/projects/e-elt

The End

• Exo-planets– Direct detection– Radial velocity detection

• Initial Mass Function in stellar clusters• Stellar disks• Resolved Stellar Populations

– Colour magnitude diagrams– Abundances– Detailed abundances and kinematics

• Black Holes• The physics of galaxies• Metallicity of the low-density IGM• The highest redshift galaxies• Dynamical measurement of the Universal expansion

European ELT SWG “Prominent” Science Cases

Late FP5 & start of FP6 -The OPTICON ELT SWG

• OPTICON ELT SWG formed in 2003 • Coordinator: Isobel Hook (50% funded by OPTICON)• 6 Group chairs

– Stars & Planets - Hans Zinnecker & Rafael Rebolo– Stars & Galaxies - Mike Merrifield & Sergio Ortolani– Galaxies and Cosmology - Jacqueline Bergeron &

Bruno Leibundgut• + many volunteers from around Europe

European ELT SWG “Prominent” Science Cases

• Exo-planets– Direct detection– Radial velocity detection

• Initial Mass Function in stellar clusters• Stellar disks• Resolved Stellar Populations

– Colour magnitude diagrams– Abundances– Detailed abundances and kinematics

• Black Holes• The physics of galaxies• Metallicity of the low-density IGM• The highest redshift galaxies• Dynamical measurement of the Universal expansion

SWG has produced proposals (with community input)

European ELT SWG “Prominent” Science Cases

• Exo-planets– Direct detection– Radial velocity detection

• Initial Mass Function in stellar clusters• Stellar disks• Resolved Stellar Populations

– Colour magnitude diagrams– Abundances– Detailed abundances and kinematics

• Black Holes• The physics of galaxies• Metallicity of the low-density IGM• The highest redshift galaxies• Dynamical measurement of the Universal expansion

SWG has produced proposals (with community input)3 Demo cases were selected to start things off...

The OPTICON role in ELT activities

ESOOPTICON

ELT Design study

(technical)

SWG

(science)

ELT Project Offices

(technical)

COMMUNITY

ELT and the Astronet Science Vision

A. Do we understand the extremes of the Universe? – Measure the evolution of the dark-energy density– Test for a consistent picture of dark matter and dark energy– Understand the astrophysics of compact objects and their progenitors

B. How do galaxies form and evolve? – Map the growth of matter density fluctuations in the early Universe– Detect the first stars, black holes, and galaxies– Determine the evolution of the galaxy cluster mass function – Make an inventory of the metal content of the Universe over cosmic time– Measure the build up of gas, dust, stars, metals, magnetic fields, masses of

galaxies

C. What is the origin and evolution of stars and planets? – Determine the initial physical conditions of star formation– Unveil the mysteries of stellar structure and evolution, also probing stellar

interiors; – Understand the life cycle of matter from the interstellar medium – Determine the process of planet formation– Explore the diversity of exo-planets in a wide mass range from giants to Earth-like– Determine the frequency of Earth-like planets in habitable zones and push

towards direct imaging

D. How do we fit in? – Constrain the models of internal structure of planets and satellites– Studies of Titan, Mars, Europa and other outer satellites.

Current E-ELT Science Working Group

Marijn Franx (co-Chair)Isobel Hook (co-Chair)

Bruno LeibundgutMark McCaughrean

Eline Tolstoy Andrea Cimatti Hans-Uli KaeuflRafael Rebolo Didier Queloz

Vanessa Hill

Stephane Udry Fernando Comeron Jacqueline BergeronWolfram Freudling Markus Kissler-Patig

Hans Zinnecker Arne ArdebergPiero Rosati Martin HaehneltRaffaele Gratton

Dec 2005: ESO SWG formedScience case re-evaluated for 30-60m (April 2006)

May 2006: ESO SWG merged with OPTICON activity

With thanks to previous members

Peter ShaverBob FosburyWilly Benz

Magda Arnaboldi

The Design Reference Mission

• DRM Goals– Produce a set of science proposals and

simulations– Assess science output and assist with tradeoffs

• DRM Process– SWG write proposals

• An initial set of instrument capabilities is assumed

– Simulated data produced– Results analysed : are science goals met?

• Starting with 3“Demonstrator cases” • Then a wider set based on prominent

cases

Highlights from FP6

• Meetings

– 4 major + 4 smaller meetings organised by OPTICON

• Marseilles 03, Florence 04, Marseilles conference 06, JENAM 08

– Funding for Europeans to attend several other meetings (e.g. IAU ELT Symposium, Cape Town, 2005)

• Science case documents

– Top level summary Feb 2005

– Science case book Jun 2005

– Science cases for DRM

• Mailing list, web sites

• Formed Joint OPTICON – ESO SWG

JENAM 2008

• OPTICON jointly sponsored an ELT session at JENAM• 8-12 September 2008, Vienna, Austria• Well attended: ~ 100 attendees • 22 presentations

– 6 on status of project– remainder on science and instrumentation

• http://www.eso.org/sci/facilities/eelt/science/meetings/jenam08/

• See summary article by G. Monnet, The Messenger