The European Age of ExplorationPart II: Divide and Conquer, Colonize, Exploit, Enslave, Rape, Pillage and KillGraphic scene of violence here

Pre-Columbian AmericaCentral and South AmericaMost natives members of one of two major empires (they are ?)

Pre-Columbian AmericaNorth AmericaHow many different tribal groups?No empires

DiscoveryColumbus begins the pattern of destruction

Others follow

Hands of Arawaks cut off after attempted rebellion (must set an example)Tainos hung and burned after trying to escape

Europe and the New WorldThe Columbian Exchange(Europe, Africa, Western Hemisphere)

Population GrowthDue to new foodstuffs from New World

The Spanish in AmericaMissionsEconomicsPlantationsEncomiendas (definition?) Natives are subjects of the monarch, thereforeLas Casas Enslavement of the native people is wrong, soSlavery (African)Why are they brought to the New World by the Spanish?

Native American PopulationsOriginal estimates lowHelped assuage European guiltDisease! (main factor)A modern adult with smallpox

EFFECTS FOR AMERICA

Expansion of overseas territorial claims and European migration to North and South America

Demise of Aztec and Inca Empires

Legacy of a rigid class system and dictatorial rule in Latin America

Forced migration of Africans who had been enslaved

Colonies imitation of the culture and social patterns of their parent countries

European plantation system in the Caribbean and theAmericas destroyed indigenous economics and damaged the environment.

EFFECTS FOR AFRICAEuropean trading posts along the coastTrade in slaves, gold, and other resources

Global Trade The Dutch (who?)First to compete with Portugal 1599 First shipment of spices from Asia (big profit)Outposts in southern Africa (Capetown)Leaders of commerce by late 1500sDutch East India Co.First successful joint stock companyLike Exxon, but with gunsTake Malacca from Portugal in 1641, monopolize spice tradeNew Amsterdam dominates NA fur tradeAmsterdam THRIVES! (Paris of the North wealth, commerce and culture)Capetown

Trade with the Sleeping GiantThe Ultimate Prize!China was fixed in the European imagination as an exotic kingdom with fabulous wealth and luxuryHesitant to trade with EuropeansCouldnt offer better goodsPortuguese first to be granted privileges (minor) at MacaoOnly accepted gold (major implications for European rulers, i.e., New World)Protection of Chinese culture

Trade with the Sleeping GiantRestrictive trade policies Reflected Chinese conception of themselves as the Middle Kingdom (who needs Europe?)Ming Dynasty Porcelain

EFFECTS FOR ASIA

Colonization by small groups of merchants (India, the Indies, China)

Portugal, England, and the Netherlands competed for the Indian Ocean trade by establishing coastal ports on the Indian sub-continent.Southern India traded silks, spices, and gems.

ChinaCreation of foreign enclaves to control tradeImperial policy of controlling foreign influences and trade

Japan

Adopted a policy of isolation to limit foreign influences

England and France in AmericaEngland creating an Empire1580 Drake returnswith $25 millionJamestown 1st permanent settlement 1607Seeking?Massachusetts, Pilgrims, 1620, Mayflower CompactSeeking?Mostly as brutal as the Spanish

England and France in AmericaFrance Focus on tradeMissionariesFur tradeRelations with Natives?Alliances & Intermarriage

Slave TradeThe triangular tradeA few triangles, actuallyPart of a much larger trading network

The Triangular Trade

MercantilismEuropes economic philosophy 1600s-1800sWealth is finite (premise)Increase of one nations requires decrease of anothersMeasured in a nations holdings (gold, silver)Goal? Favorable balance of trade (?)All transactions benefit mother countryColonies exist solely to serve her

Theory has major implications for your homeland!

(2) Due to this new Age of Exploration, Europeans changed basic economic practices!Banks added services to meet the needs of exploration.Cities began to produce coins with fixed values.Joint-Stock Company: Owners raised money by selling shares, or stock, in the company to investors. Would you take the financial risk?The Commercial Revolution

How did things change?Banks began to add services to meet the needs of exploration!Lending money to people like Columbus

Merchants and trades-people needed a standard system of money

Joint-stock companyA business organization that developed during the Age of ExplorationOwners raised money by selling shares, or stock, in the company

Raised large sums of money from investors to finance exploration!

Nike StockScenario A:New Jordans are a hit!Sales of Air Jordans in 2012 explodeStock is now worth $5!Scenario B:Jordan arrested on drug charges!Sales of Air Jordans in 2012 plummetStock is now only worth $0.25!

Mercantilism a countrys government should do all it could to increase the countrys wealth.

Favorable balance of trade: Sell (or export) more goods than you buy (or import) from foreign countries

Tariffs: Import taxes on goods coming into the country

Subsidies: Grants of money to help business people start new industries

Colonies: Ideally, lands were rich in gold, silver, and raw materials

TariffFord American madeHonda Japanese madeHonda pays a tariff when it brings Honda Accords to the U.S. They add that additional cost to the price of the good.