The EUMETSAT Satellite Application Facility

on Land Surface Analysis (LSA SAF)

Continuous Development –2 Phase

Jean-Louis Roujean and many co-authors

METEO FRANCE / Toulouse

jean-louis.roujean@meteo.fr

• Part of EUMETSAT Ground Segment

• To develop algorithms that allow an effective use of MSG & Metop data related to

• LAND • LAND-ATMOSPHERE Interactions • BIOSPHERIC Applications

• Generate / Archive / Distribute Satellite Data in Near Real Time (3h) and Off-line

• Consortium – 8 Institutes / 6 countries • Reviewed (~annually) by technical and scientific panels

LSA SAF Overview

Trigo et al., 2011 in Int. J. Remote Sens., DOI: 10.1080/01431161003743199

Meteosat-8 (MSG-1)

Meteosat-9 (MSG-2)

MetOp-A

Meteosat-10 (MSG-3)

MetOp-B Meteosat-11

(MSG-4)

MTG-1

MetOp-C

Development Phase: Sep 99 – Jan 05

Initial Operations Phase: Feb 05 – Feb 07

Continuous Development & Operations Phase - 2: Mar 12 – Feb 17

LSA SAF Chronogram

02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 01 00 99 20

CDOP-2

CDOP-3

Channel 1 VIS 0.6 µm

Channel 2 VIS 0.8

Channel 3 NIR 1.6

Channel 4 MIR 3.9

Channel 5 WV 6.2

Channel 6 WV 7.3

Channel 7 IR 8.7

Channel 8 IR/O3 9.7

Channel 9 TIR 10.8

Channel 10 TIR 12.0

Channel 11 IR/CO2 13.4

Channel 12 HRV

SEVIRI - Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager

LSA SAF GEO instrument

11 Channels:

3 km sampling distance at sub-satellite point

15 minutes

High Resolution VIS channel:

1km sampling distance at sub-satellite point

15 minutes

LSA SAF – Family of Products

LST ↓LongWave Flux

Surface Radiation

Vegetation

Fire Detection

Fire Radiative Power

Fire Risk (Europe)

Wild fires

=> Strong consistency / other satellite projects

Evapotranspiration

Reference Evapot

Water stress

Fraction Veg Cover

LAI

fAPAR

State

NDVI

↓ShortWave Flux Albedo

All products => quality flag + error bar All products => ATBD + Product User Manual + Validation Report 4 regions

- Europe - Northern Africa - Southern Africa - Southern America

Generation Frequency - 15 min - 30 min - Daily - 10-daily

SEVIRI Spatial resolution

LSA SAF Products characteristics

=> Plein disque maintenant !

Broadband Albedo

August 30,

2005

Visible Near Infrared

Solar

Composite

Color

Developer: LSA SAF / METEO FRANCE

Uncertainty Estimates

• number of observations available • estimated TOC-reflectance errors • respective angular configuration

Processing Flag • the land/water mask • processed/unprocessed pixels • instruments used (MSG, EPS) • snow flag from NWC cloud mask

Broadband Albedo

Albedo: validation time series

Tamanrasset

Gobabeb

In situ measurements MODIS MSG

Albedo < 0.15 spatial validation / MODIS

Albedo > 0.15 spatial validation / MODIS

Vegetation

Fraction of Vegetation Cover (FVC) Lead Area Index (LAI) Fraction of Absorbed

Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FAPAR)

Developer: LSA SAF / University of Valencia (Spain) Verger et al. (2009) in Remote Sens Environ., DOI:10.1016/j.rse.2009.06.009 Martínez et al. (2013) in Int J App Earth Obs Geoinf, DOI: 10.1016/j.jag.2012.06.010

Vegetation Parameters SEVIRI

High number of observations leads to relatively smooth time-series

=> good for Phenology

Start of the Growing Season

2007

Kenya

20090927

Kenya

20070927

Kenya – Drought 2009

Land Surface Temperature

LST Available since

Europe – Feb 2005

Full disk – Jul 2005

Generation Frequency - 15 min

clear sky pixels

where estimated errors < 4K

Propagation of input uncertainties:

Emissivity

...

Developer: LSA SAF / IPMA (Portugal) Trigo et al. (2008) in J. Geophys. Res., DOI:10.1029/2008JD010035 Freitas et al. (2010) in IEEE Trans Geosc Remote Sens, DOI: 10.1109/TGRS.2009.2027697.

SEVIRI Pixel

ε = εveg FVC+ εground (1-FVC)

Emissivity

LSA SAF Product ↑

Sfc Reflectances VIS

An approach adapted to discontinuous landscapes !

SEVIRI IR3.9 SEVIRI IR10.8

Emissivity

Broad-Band 3 – 14 µm

Updated Daily

Namibia

LST - Validation Gobabeb

Developer: KIT (Germany)

LST MSG/SEVIRI versus Tsup in situ at Gobabeb

60

40

20

0

Obs

In S

itu (º

C)

0 20 40 60 LST SEVIRI/MSG (ºC)

May 2008

Bias -0.31ºC RMSE 1.16ºC

60

40

20

0

Obs

In S

itu (º

C)

0 20 40 60 LST SEVIRI/MSG (ºC)

Jul 2008

Bias -0.91ºC RMSE 1.67ºC

60

40

20

0

Obs

In S

itu (º

C)

0 20 40 60 LST SEVIRI/MSG (ºC)

Nov 2008

Bias +0.24ºC RMSE 1. 44ºC

60

40

20

0

Obs

In S

itu (º

C)

0 20 40 60 LST SEVIRI/MSG (ºC)

Mar 2009

Bias -1.20ºC RMSE 1.74ºC

LST - Validation

Downward Short-wave (solar) Surface Radiation

30-min and daily products

3 km at sub-satellite point

NRT (EUMETCast)

Off-line

Available since 2005

Developer: LSA SAF / Meteo-France Geiger et al. (2008) in Meteorol. Appl., DOI: 10.1002/met.84 Carrer et al. (2012) in J. Hydrometeor., DOI: 10.1175/JHM-D-11-059.1.

DSSF - SEVIRI

Downward Longwave-wave radiation at the surface

30-min and daily products

3 km at sub-satellite point

NRT (EUMETCast)

Off-line

Available since 2005

Developer: LSA SAF / IPMA (Portugal) Trigo et al. (2011) in J. Geophys. Res., DOI:10.1029/2010JD013888 Carrer et al. (2012) in J. Hydrometeor., DOI: 10.1175/JHM-D-11-059.1.

DSLF - SEVIRI

November 2009 September 2009 December 2009

30-min and daily products 3 km at sub-satellite point

NRT (EUMETCast) Off-line

Based on Sfc Energy Balance with Radiation and VEGA products from LSA SAF

Developer: LSA SAF / RMIB (Belgium) Ghilain et al. (2011) in Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., DOI: 10.5194/hess-15-771-2011 Ghilain et al. (2012) in Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci, DOI: 10.5194/hess-16-2567-2012.

EVAPOTRANSPIRATION

Monthly Evapotranspiration over West Africa basin, from May to September 2010

Examples of cumulated output for 2010

(mm/month)

MAY JUN

JUL AUG SEP

Detects pixels containing active fires every 15 min

Estimates Fire Radiative Power (FRP)

FRP ∝ Combustion rate

∝ Smoke release → CO2eq emissions

Fire Products

Developer: LSA SAF / King’s College London, University of Lisbon (coll. CSIR) Freeborn et al. (2009) in Remote Sens. Environ., DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2009.03.013 Amraoui et al. (2010) in Remote Sens. Environ., doi:10.1016/j.rse.2009.12.019.

LSA SAF FRP Products

User consultation (e.g. with ECMWF) determined a strong desire for FRP method to substitute existing emissions methodology, with the requirements of :

FRP Pixel Product

Regional Biomass Burning Emissions Modelling Early Fire Detection and Warning

FRP calculation from active fire detections

NRT 15–30 min after image acquisition

FRP Gridded Product

Mean FRP at 1 hour temporal & 5° spatial resolution

NRT ~3 hr after image acquisition

Active Fire detection each 15 min 3km spatial resolution

Observed LandSAF Fire Radiative Power [W/m2] & Modelled BC+OM Optical Depth [-]

Thanks to J. Kaiser, ECMWF

Continental Africa Biomass Burning

Strong seasonal cycle Strong daily fluctuations

Example of a Global S10-composite derived from METOP-AVHRR, with zoom on two regions: the Nile delta and Sri Lanka

MetOp 10-day NDVI from AVHRR/Metop

Developer: LSA SAF / VITO

Developer: METEO FRANCE

EPS / AVHRR 0.01 °

MODIS 1 km

EPS - MODIS

ALBEDO

Near-Infrared

15 June 2015

Regular Workshops (every 2 years)

LSA SAF Consortium to highlights latest developments

Users to report on applications and new requirements

Training

Classroom & Online Courses (with EUMETSAT & EUMeTrain) • 1 course / year for African Users (English, French, or Portuguese): (Maputo, Moçambique, 2 - 6 de Nov 2009)

(...)

(Niamey, Niger, 19-23 Nov 2012)

(...)

(Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, 5-9 May 2014)

http://www.eumetrain.org/data/3/36/index.htm (Vegetation)

Outreach & Training

LSA SAF - NEXT

Near Future (CDOP-2)

Service Continuity

Reprocessing Activities (LST, AL, VEGA, FIRE, radiative flux)

AVHRR (EPS) for global + complement SEVIRI Preparation for CDOP-3 (2017-2022) Next Generation of EUM Satellites

Meteosat Third Generation (MTG) EUM Polar System – Second Generation (EPS-SG) /3MI

MSG – MTG - Himawari 8

MSG / SEVIRI MTG / FCI Himawari-8 / AHI Repeat cycle (full disc) 15 min 10 min 10 min

Data size 3712 x 3712 11136 x 11136 22000 x 22000 @ 500 m 11000 x 11000 @ 1 km

Spectral bands

0.444 μm 1 km 0.460 μm 1 km

0.510 μm 1 km 0.510 μm 1 km

0.635 3 km 0.640 μm 1 km 0.640 μm 500 m

0.810 3 km 0.865 μm 1 km 0.860 μm 1 km

0.914 μm 1 km

1.380 μm 1 km

1.640 3 km 1.610 μm 1 km 1.600 μm 2 km

need to use synthetic data

Data pre-processing

Pre-processed TOA radiance in band 4

MTG Données synthétiques HIMAWARI 8

http://landsaf.ipma.pt