The Etruscans and Early Rome

Geography of Italy

Etruscans

Early Etruscans

Agricultural lifeWhere did they come from?TradeEtruscan societyExpansion

Burial customs

City of the dead

Religion

Pantheon

Threats And Decline

Disunity

Art

Jewelry

Art

Statuary

Bronzes

Bronzes

Warriors helmet

Etruscan Military

Early Rome

Legends

AeneasRomulus and Remus

Early History

VillagesGreek traders

Age of Kings

Comitia Curiata

ClansImperiumTarquin I

Citizen Army

LegionsCenturiesComitia Centuriata

The Roman Republic

FoundingTraditional vs. actual beginningsAristocracy

Roman SocietyDivisions

Roman GovernmentExecutive functions-ConsulsSenateAssembliesOfficers

CensorsPraetorAedilesQuaestorsTribunes

Class WarfarePatriciansPlebeiansTwelve TablesLictian-Sextian LawsLex Hortensia

Expansion of RomePeacefulMilitary conquest

Punic WarsCarthageFirst Punic WarSecond and Third Punic WarsHamilcar, Hasdrubal, Hannibal

Cato The CensorPolitician

PolybiusUniversal History

Why War And Imperialism?

Defense vs. aggression

Growth of EmpireMacedonia, Greece, Carthage, Pergamum

Beginnings of UnrestPowerful men

The GracchiTiberius GracchiGaius Gracchi

MariusProfessional army

SullaDictator

PompeyProblem solver

Julius CaesarMany talentsFirst triumvirateHistorianGeneral

From Augustus To Fall Of The Empire

The Good Emperor

AttributesHard workerMaintain public order and defenseSensitiveGames and public worksSuccess in war

Decline And Fall

Last of the “good emperors”Weakness in the empireCivil ServiceSlaveryArmy

Theories Of The Fall

Upper class warfareEconomic downturnSoilManpower shortageInvasions of barbarians

Roman Religion

Introduction

Rituals/State cult

Origins

Greek influenceEtruscans3 kinds of divination

Prayer And Sacrifice

AnimismOmens

Worship In The Home

VestaJanusLares PenatesGeniusBirths DeathsFields

State Worship

Pontifex MaximusFour colleges

Worship In The Empire

Foreign religions become importantCybeleMithras

FestivalsParentiliaLupercalia