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Georgeta RAŢĂ

The English of Tourism

and Agritourism part II

Editura MIRTON Timişoara - 2006

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UNIT 13 AGRITOURISM

Agritourism is a style of vacation in which hospitality (centrally organized social networks of individuals who trade accommodation without monetary exchange) is offered on farms (a section of land devoted to the production and management of food, either produce or livestock). This may include the opportunity to assist with farming tasks during the visit. Agritourism is often practiced in wine growing regions, as in Italy, France and Spain. In America, agritourism is wide-spread and includes any farm open to the public at least part of the year. Tourists can pick fruits and vegetables, ride horses, taste honey, learn about wine, shop in gift shops and farm stands for local and regional produce or hand-crafted gifts, and much more. Each farm generally offers a unique and memorable experience (knowledge of, or skill in, or observation of something gained through involvement in or exposure to that thing, usually suitable for the entire family. Agritourism is being developed as a valuable component of agricultural business still offering potential for development when farm produce is not economically competitive otherwise. The publication Promoting Tourism in Rural America explains the need for planning and marketing your rural community and weighing the pros and cons of tourism. According to the publication, local citizen participation is helpful and should be included in starting any kind of a tourism program. Citizen participation in planning tourism can contribute to building a successful program that enhances the community. Additional websites that promote and publicize agritourism in the United States include Rural Bounty, founded by agritourism consultant Jane Eckert, Sleep in the Hay, a nationwide directory of farm stays, and Farm Stay USA, a blog that profiles farm stays and tracks agritourism news. Farmers use the public’s curiosity to develop traffic at their farm, and to build up interest in the quality of their products, as well as awareness of local produce. People (and particularly children and teenagers) are more interested in how their food is produced and want to meet the producers and talk with them about what goes into food production. Children who visit the farms often have not seen a live duck or goat before and have not picked an apple right off the tree. This form of expanded agritourism has given birth to what are often called "entertainment farms". These farms cater to the pick-your-own crowd, offering not only regular farm products, but also food, open-pen animals, rural rides, picnic facilities and pick-your-own produce. Agritourism is a form of niche tourism that is considered a growth industry in many parts of the world, including Romania. Other associated terms are "agritainment", "farm direct marketing", and "sustainable agriculture". (After Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia)

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Glossary assist with (v.) = a ajuta la awareness = conştientizare at least = cel puţin bounty = abundenţă build up = a consolida cater (to smb’s needs) = a se ocupa de, a furniza provizii pentru devoted to … = dedicat(ă) … either … or … = fie … fie …, ori … ori …, sau … sau … enhance = a îmbunătăţi, a spori (calitatea), a amplifica, a perfecţiona entertainment farm = fermă care oferă distracţii exposure = expunere (la soare, etc.) farm stand = stand de vânzare a produselor agricole farming task = sarcină gospodărească la o fermă gain (v.) = a câştiga hand-crafted gift = cadou făcut manual hay = fân hospitality = ospitalitate livestock = inventar viu open-pen animals = animale crescute într-un ocol/ţarc otherwise = în alte privinţe, din alte puncte de vedere path = cărare, direcţie, drum produce (n.) = produse (agricole), legume si fructe pick (v.) = a culege pick-your-own crowd = mulţime care îşi culege singură produsele picnic facilities = condiţii necesare organizării unui picnic profile (v.) = a desena profilul (cuiva), a prezenta promote = a promova right off the … = chiar din … suitable for = potrivit pentru support (n.) = sprijin track (v.) = a urmări valuable = valoros wide-spread = larg răspândit(ă) wine growing region = regiune viticolă

Exercises

1. Answer the following. - What is agritourism? - What forms of agritourism are there in Romania? Give some examples from

your own experience or knowledge.

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- What kind of activities would you promote in a village within 30 km from Timişoara? What about Cheile Nerei, Herculane, Roşia Montană?

- What could be done to enhance agritourism in the Romanian countryside? In pairs, work on profiling at least three suggestions.

2. Right or wrong?

No. Statement Right Wrong

1 Agritourism is a style of vacation in which guests are catered to in farms.

2 Agritourism is often practiced in wine growing regions, as in Romania.

3 Agritourism is being developed as a valuable component of agricultural business when farm produce is economically competitive otherwise.

4 Each farm generally offers a memorable experience suitable for some members of the family.

5 In America, agritourism is wide-spread and publicized on blogs such as

3. Supply the noun forms for the following verbs or adjectives: arrive, assist, aware, build, cater, develop, devote, enhance, entertain, expose, farm, grow, hospitable, produce, promote, suitable, support, track. 4. Identify the terms and phrases related to “agritourism”. Agri-tour invites you and your family to visit some of the unique farms of Eastern Ontario (The Lower Ottawa Valley). Rain or shine, Agri-Tour will take place on September 9-10 and 16-17. Farmers welcome you to open house visits on two successive weekends from 10:00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Renew your acquaintance with the rural roads of our region while enjoying speciality foods and products. Road signs will help you find your way to each farm. A modest entrance fee is charged at each farm. Bring a cooler to keep those products fresh until you get home. N.B. Dogs are not permitted on site. 5. Make a leaflet to promote a place / event of your choice from our country. 6. Fill in the blanks with the verbs below in the right form. be – can – develop – draw – have

English and French … both commonly spoken throughout the Ottawa Valley on both sides of the river. Regional English accents … rare in Canada, but

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because of its isolation (before the arrival of the railways) and also through the mixture of the dominant French, Irish and Scottish populations, the valley at one time … a distinctive dialect referred to as the Ottawa Valley Twang. Many traces of it … still be heard today, especially in the valley's more isolated western portions. Tourism … become one of the main industries of the Ottawa Valley, after the bust in the timber industry. Pursuits such as skydiving, white-water rafting, camping, biking, canoeing, rustic driving, hot air ballooning, ATVing, golfing and hiking … visitors from all over Canada and abroad. 7. Match the following nouns and adjectives.

1. agrarian a. a chemical used in farming for example to help plants grow

2. agribusiness b. (a company involved in) the producing and selling of farm products, especially as a big business

3. agriculture c. concerning land, especially farmland or who owns it

4. agrochemical d. the practice or science of farming, especially of growing crops

8. Fill in with the following. agrarian – agribusiness – agricultural – agriculture – agriculturists

- … is pushing out the small farmer. - … is an essential sector of a country’s economy. - He used to be the best campaigner for … reform. - His job is to sell … machinery. - I know a lot of … who know nothing about … - We learn English in an … and Veterinary University. - One can get rich from selling … produce. - The … sector of Romanian economy should play a far more important role. 9. Replace the words underlined in the text below with their synonyms. Experience as a general concept comprises knowledge of or skill in or observation of some thing or some event gained through involvement in or exposure to that thing or event. The history of the word experience aligns it closely with the concept of experiment. The concept of experience generally refers to know-how or procedural knowledge, rather than abstract knowledge. A person with considerable experience in a certain field can gain a reputation as an expert. Certain educational paradigms stress the experimental nature of human understanding. Activities such as tourism, extreme sports and recreational drug use also tend to stress the importance of experience.

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10. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense (Simple Past, Past Perfect Simple and Continuous), minding the rules of Indirect Speech. I (arrive) in England in the middle of July. I (be told) that England (be) shrouded in fog all year round, so I (be) quite surprised to find that it was merely raining. I (ask) another passenger, an Englishman, about the fog and he (say) that there (not be) any since the previous February. If I (want) fog, he said, I (come) at quite the wrong time. However he (tell) me that I could buy tinned fog at a shop in Shaftsbury Avenue. He (admit) that he never (buy) fog there himself but (assure) me that they (sell) good quality fog and that it (not be) expensive. 11. Read carefully, and then say if you think walking and bicycling could be a solution for Romania, too. Walking and bicycling instead of travelling by motorized means reduces the consumption of fossil fuels. While the use of these two modes generally declines as a given area becomes wealthier, there are some countries (including Denmark, Netherlands, Germany, Finland and Belgium) where bicycling comprises a significant share of trips. Some cities with particularly high shares of cycling are Copenhagen (33%) and Groningen (50%). A number of other cities, including London, Paris, New York, Sydney, Bogotá, Chicago and San Francisco are creating networks of bicycle lanes and bicycle paths, but the value of such devices for utility cycling is highly controversial. 12. Put the following joke about tourists into Romanian. What does humour rely on here? A pair of tourists were out in the fields when they discovered an abandoned well near an old farm house. Of course they're curious so they drop a small stone into the well, but they never hear it hit bottom. They search and find a larger rock and drop it into the well but once again hear nothing. They decide they need something larger and search the farm yard for a larger object. After much struggle, they manage to drag a large railroad tie to the edge of the well and drop it over the edge. After several seconds, a goat tears across the yard and without any hesitation, dives head first into the open hole. The two tourists stand in amazement. About then a farmer appears and tells them he is looking for a lost goat. The tourists tell the farmer about the goat diving into the well. "That couldn't be my goat", the farmer replies, "My goat was grazing in the field roped to a railroad tie!"

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UNIT 14 HOSPITALITY SERVICE

The concept of Hospitality Services, also known as “accommodation sharing”, “hospitality exchange”, and “home stay networks”, refers to centrally organized social networks of individuals who trade accommodation without monetary exchange. While this conceptualization could also include house swapping or even time share plans, it has come to be associated mostly with travellers and tourists staying with one another free of charge. Since the 1990s, these services have increasingly moved away from using printed catalogues and phones to connect users towards Internet websites to store info in databases. They have grown exponentially since 2000 and today it is estimated that well over 100,000 people are registered users of these networks. These vary in operational structure, place different emphasis on graphical vs. textual formatting, and cater disproportionately to specific geographic regions. In 1949, Bob Luitweiler founded the first hospitality service called Servas Open Doors as a cross national, non-profit, volunteer run organization advocating interracial and international peace. The next step was taken in 1965 when John Wilcock set up the Traveller's Directory, originally as a listing of his mutual friends willing to host each other when travelling. This later became the Hospitality Exchange in 1988 when Joy Lily rescued the organization from imminent demise. Hospitality Club is the direct successor of Hospex, the first Internet-based service, operating out of Poland since 1992. A newer but rapidly growing hospitality exchange organization is CouchSurfing, which was founded in 2004. The term couchsurfing is a neologism referring to the practice of moving from one friend's house to another, sleeping in whatever spare space is available, floor or couch, generally staying a few days before moving on to the next house. The term pre-existed the organization. Homestays are consensual between the host and guest, and the duration, nature, and terms of the guest's stay are generally worked out in advance. No monetary exchange usually takes place, but it is common practice for guests to seek non-monetary means to show their appreciation, such as bringing a gift, cooking a meal or teaching a skill. CouchSurfing's main focus is "social networking" and members organize activities such as trips, bar crawls, meetings, and sporting events. Just as all the individual services have their own individual creation stories, many also have specific niche markets that they cater to, such as students or religious pilgrims. The trend in recent years points to a greater consolidation of users in networks without an overt group or lifestyle affiliation. In essence, these systems employ the notion of reciprocity – users gain access to other users’ information only by posting their own. Requisite fields normally include name and contact information, encouraging users to include more detailed data and even photographs. More information included tends to improve the chances that someone will find them trustworthy enough to host.

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Glossary accommodation sharing = utilizarea în comun a aceluiaşi loc de cazare advocate (v.) = a susţine (cu argumente) bar crawling = umblat din cârciumă în cârciumă (bar-tour; bar-hopping) database = bază de date demise = deces, moarte directory = carte de telefon formatting = concepere free of charge = gratuit(ă) guest = musafir home stay network = reţea de locuri de cazare hospitality exchange = schimb de ospitalitate host (v.) = a găzdui house swapping = schimb de case interracial = inter-rasial likes and dislikes = lucruri care îţi plac şi lucruri care nu îţi plac mutual friend = prieten comun overt = deschis(ă), clar, evident place emphasis on … (v.) = a pune accentul pe … point to (v.) = a indica post (v.) = a afişa requisite field = rubrică obligatorie de completat (într-un formular) rescue (v.) = a salva seek = a căuta set up (v.) = a institui, a pune bazele store (v.) = a depozita vary = a varia willing to … = dornic(ă) să …

Exercises

1. Answer the following. - What are hospitality services? - How have these services evolved? - Who uses such services? - What has been the trend these last years? - How do these systems work? - What do requisite fields normally include? - Would you use hospitality services networks? Why (not)? In pairs, bring

arguments for, respectively against.

2. Right or wrong?

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No. Statement Right Wrong

1 Since the 1990s, hospitality services have increasingly moved towards using printed catalogues and phones.

2 Homestays are consensual between the host and guest, sometimes involving monetary exchange.

3 These systems employ the notion of reciprocity.

4 Posting photographs is requisite on CouchSurfing.

5 CouchSurfing provides the opportunity for tourists to sleep in whatever spare space is available, floor or couch.

3. Identify the terms and phrases related to “hospitality”. The Hospitality Club is an international, Internet-based hospitality service of approximately 160,000 members. Its members use the website HospitalityClub.org to coordinate accommodation and other services, such as guiding or regaling travellers. Hospitality Club is currently the largest such hospitality network. Hospitality Club was founded by Veit Kühne in 2000 as a general-purpose Internet-based hospitality exchange organization. This organization, open to anybody, followed from a similar network previously organized by Kühne only for members of the student exchange organization AFS. The general concept was inspired by the SIGHT hospitality network of Mensa. The Hospitality Club had 150,000 members in July 2006, but there is no estimate as to which proportion of members use it regularly. From various indications on user profiles it can be estimated the number of members actually exchanging hospitality in real-life is in the order of tens of thousands. 4. Now use the terms you have identified above in order to write a short presentation promoting hospitability services in your own house and town. 5. Fill in with the adverbials below. beforehand – for free – normally – simply – while

Membership in the Hospitality Club is free and is obtained … by registering on the website. The core activity of the organization is exchange of accommodation. ... acting as hosts, members offer the possibility of accommodation in / excluding their own presence. As a guest, a traveller may find possible hosts and contact them through the website. No money is involved - guests and hosts do not pay each other. The duration of the stay, whether

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food is provided … , for a fee or not at all, and all other conditions are agreed on … to the convenience of both parties. After using the service, the host and guest may comment about each other. This provides a means to establish reputation, which is the main security measure. However, … members with bad comments aren't deleted. For full authentication, users have to provide their real identity, which is protected against changes. Apart from accommodation, members exchange other forms of hospitality, such as guiding visitors or providing travel-related advice. 6. Match the following.

1. hospice a. a house for travellers to stay and rest in, especially when kept by a religious group; a hospital for people with incurable illnesses

2. hospitable b. a place where people who are ill or hurt have medical treatment

3. hospital c. friendly and welcoming towards guests or visitors, especially by feeding them, inviting them into one’s home, etc

4. hospitality d. the quality of being hospitable, welcoming behaviour towards guests

5. hospitalise e. to put (a person) into hospital 7. Supply the noun forms for the following verbs or adjectives: accommodate, advocate, crawl, dislike, emphasize, exchange, host, hospitable, requisite, swap, vary, willing

8. Fill in with the following. hospitable – hospitality – hospice – hospital – hospitalise

- Romanians have the reputation of being very … people. - ... is one of our best qualities. - After the motor accident, the Romanian Prime Minister was rushed to … - The incurably sick man has been admitted to … - They didn’t … the Romanian Prime Minister because the injury was not very

serious. 9. Give the adverbs corresponding to the adjectives in the text below. The CouchSurfing Project is a free international Internet-based hospitality service. As of June 2006, it had more than 87.000 members in 205 countries. Most of these members were active, with 46% offering their couches to host travellers (with another 27% saying "maybe" and others who are travelling at the moment). Members use the website, designed by founder Casey Fenton, to

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coordinate accommodations. It featured extensive profiles, and used a simple credit card verification system, a personal vouching system, and references, achieving increasing security. There were many other features on the site, such as interest discussion groups, functional meetings, live chat and more. In June 2006, the project experienced a number of computer problems resulting in much of the database being lost. Though the initial announcement was that the project was ended, within days, it was confirmed that the site would be rebuilt, and users would soon have easy access again. 10. Identify all the terms related to the Internet in the text below. There is no registered organisation behind the Hospitality Club (HC) website in Germany or other countries, and the domain name is directly registered to the founder of the site, Veit Kühne, who is working full time on HC. The club is based on the work of hundreds of volunteers around the world. Claimed motivation of the founding father is the idea that bringing people together and fostering international friendships will increase intercultural understanding and strengthen peace. It is the largest hospitality network, and there is a mission to find 1,000,000 friendly people. There is no registered organisation behind the website in Germany or other countries, and the domain name is directly registered to the founder of the site, Veit Kühne, who is working full time on HC. Members may also opt-out of this service and receive all messages directly. The website includes a Forum with certain rules - for example it is forbidden to post personal data of other members. 11. Discuss and answer the following questions: - Is there any hospitality club in Romania? - Is there any HC website in Romania? - Do you believe in the main ideas of the founding father of the HC in

Germany? - What do you think about a HC that has no registered organisation behind? - Would you subscribe such a website? 12. Turn the following joke about tourists from Direct into Indirect Speech. Make any necessary changes. A tourist was being led through the swamps of Florida. "Is it true," he asked, "that an alligator won't attack you if you carry a flashlight?" "That depends," replied the guide, "on how fast you can carry the flashlight."

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UNIT 15

HOSPITALITY SERVICE: BENEFITS (I)

There are several benefits associated with hospitality services. They are as follows: Monetary Savings. Staying in private homes means that travellers can save lots of money on accommodation that they would usually be spending on hotels or hostels (also called youth hostels, backpackers' hostels, or backpackers' for short - particularly in Australia and New Zealand - they provide short-term accommodation to travellers or backpackers, particularly encouraging outdoor activities and cultural exchange for the young). Used over a long period of time (2 to 4 weeks), this strategy can cut overall travel budgets in half, or even more combined with hitchhiking (also called lifting, thumbing, hitching, or thumb-up ride, it is a form of transport, in which the traveller tries to get a lift - ride - from another traveller, usually a car or truck driver or occasionally even a motorcycle driver). These savings can then be passed on towards more generously patronizing local establishments or simply staying abroad for longer periods of time, which is said to make the tourist experience significantly more authentic. Local Economic Sustainability. Many tourist vacations today are sold in package form, often including flights, hotels, rental cars, sightseeing tours, and coupons for chain restaurants and bars. While this makes purchasing more convenient, it also puts more money in the hands of large multinational corporations exploiting the synergy strategy of marketing their products in the context of their subsidiary companies operating in other markets. Many years ago, this might have been termed collusion; today, however, it is the norm. This comes at the expense of locally owned independent businesses. Accommodation sharing helps to break apart this monopoly and hopefully redirects some of the tourist revenue back to the local or national economy. Ecological Sustainability. This is a systemic concept, relating to the continuity of economic, social, institutional and environmental aspects of human society, as well as the non-human environment. While this is especially important in more rural travel venues where hotels are often built in very picturesque, though fragile environments, every night stayed at a local’s home means that much less demand for such hotel rooms. Also, if accommodation sharing does in fact increase the length of average stays, it may reduce the amount of trips to and from different locations and back home again, thus reducing the overall fuel expenditures in the process. (After Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia)

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Glossary at the expense of … = pe cheltuiala … break apart (v.) = a sparge chain restaurant = restaurant care face parte dintr-un lanţ de restaurante convenient = convenabil(ă) coupon = tichet cultural exchange = schimb cultural cut (v.) = a reduce ecological sustainability = durabilitate ecologică economic sustainability = durabilitate economică establishment = stabiliment flight = zbor get a lift/ride (v.) = a se face transportat hitchhiking = auto-stop hostel = cămin studenţesc, hotel turistic it is said to … (v.) = se spune că … monetary savings = economii monetare outdoor activities = activităţi în aer liber overall fuel expenditures = cheltuieli totale cu combustibilul overall travel budget = bugetul total pentru călătorie pass on (v.) = a transfera picturesque = pitoresc, pitorească provide (v.) = a asigura, a furniza rental car = maşină de închiriat revenue = venit short-term … = … pe termen scurt sightseeing tour = tur (al oraşului/zonei) subsidiary company = filială (a unei companii) the young = cei tineri, tineretul travel venue = loc, destinaţie turistică

Exercises

1. Answer the following. - How can tourists save money while on holidays? - Have you ever practiced hitchhiking? When and where? - How can tourism contribute to local economic sustainability? - What is monopoly? - How can tourism contribute to local ecological sustainability? - Why is ecological sustainability so important for us all?

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2. Right or wrong?

No. Statement Right Wrong

1 Accommodation sharing helps to break apart tourism monopoly.

2 Ecological sustainability is important in rural travel venues.

3 Most tourist vacations today are sold in package form.

4 Staying in private homes means saving lots of money.

3. Identify the terms and phrases related to “backpacking”. Backpacking is a term used to denote a form of low-cost international travel, differentiating it from other forms of tourism. The name comes from the backpacks that budget travellers generally carry in the interests of mobility and flexibility. Many commentators see backpacking as descriptive, not only of low-cost travel, but of the culture and philosophy often associated with it, especially anti or trans-nationalism as well as a romanticization of wanderlust and a desire for "authentic" contact with local culture. 4. Fill in with the prepositions below. for – of – to

Backpacking as a form of travel is usually said … have originated in the 1970s with the advent of low-cost jet airplane fares. During this era it became common … young Westerners, to follow the hippie trail into East Asia. This period also gave birth ... the first budget guidebooks and began to change the way many people looked at the possibilities of travel. More recently, backpacking has become something … a rite of passage in the popular culture of some countries, most notably Australia and New Zealand. This can be put down … the light population and geographic isolation of these two countries from much of the world's population and history, the fact that Australia and New Zealand are both affluent English-speaking countries where the majority … their citizens can afford overseas travel, and that both countries have a tradition … students attending university in the home city rather than moving away for college. A substantial amount … young adults from Israel also undertake long-term backpacking trips, particularly after they finish their mandatory military service. 5. Match the following.

1. service a. a flat whose rent includes a charge for certain services, such as cleaning, providing sheets

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2. serviceable b. a garage 3. service charge c. a member of the army, navy etc

4. service club d. a small road along one side of a main road for the use of local traffic

5. service flat e. an amount of money added to a restaurant bill by the restaurant to reward the waiters for their work

6. service industry f. an organisation, often for men only, that has local branches in which members work together in ways to support the community

7. serviceman g. any particular group of businesses which are considered to provide a service rather than a product, such as accounting, insurance etc

8. service road h. attention to customers in a shop or especially to guests in a hotel, restaurant etc

9. service station i. that can be used; fir for (long or hard) use 6. Fill in the following. service – serviceable – service club

- Rotary, Lions, and other ... clubs are also present in Romania. - The … in this place is bad: sometimes you have to wait an hour. - This computer supplier provides very good after-sales … - This is a very … device. 7. Supply the verbs corresponding to the nouns underlined below. In economics, a monopoly is defined as a persistent market situation where there is only one provider of a kind of product or service. Monopolies are characterized by a lack of economic competition for the good or service that they provide and a lack of viable substitute goods. Monopoly should be distinguished from monopsony, in which there is only one buyer of the product or service. In a monopoly a single firm is the sole provider of a product or service. 8. Group the nouns in the text below as in the model.

Noun indicating

a place a building a mean of transport

a piece of furniture

park hotel bus bed People who travel and stay away from home for more than a day need lodging mainly for sleeping. Other purposes are safety, shelter from cold and rain,

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having a place to store luggage and being able to take a shower. They do that in a hotel, hostel or hostal, a private home (commercially, i.e. a bed and breakfast or guest house place, or non-commercially, with members of hospitality services or in the home of friends), in a tent, caravan/camper (often on a campsite). In addition there are make-shift solutions. Sleeping is typically done lying in a bed, or more generally on a soft surface, such as also an air mattress, a couch, etc. Some trains have sleeping cars. Sometimes people sleep sitting, because lying is not possible, e.g. in a train (if not in a sleeping car), a bus, a seat in a waiting room, a bench on the street or in a park, etc. Inclinable seats allow something between sitting and lying. Whether lying on a row of seats is possible and comfortable depends e.g. on the presence of arm rests, and whether they can be moved up. In some public places lying would be possible but is not permitted. 9. Read carefully the text above, and then answer the following questions: - What place would you choose if you wanted to get a good rest? - What building would you choose if you wanted to get a good rest? - What mean of transport would you choose if you wanted to get a good rest? - What piece of furniture would you choose to get a good rest? 10. Put the following joke about tourists into English. Într-un castel medieval, ghidul îi conduce pe turişti pe nişte scări întortocheate, coborând tot mai jos şi mai jos. Undeva, la capătul labirintului, apare o uşă pe care scrie "Camera de tortură". Intră cu toţii; înăuntru sunt o mulţime de schelete, unele mai noi, altele mai vechi. Turiştii întreabă: - Ale cui sunt rămăşiţele? Ghidul le răspunde: - Legenda spune că aici şi-au găsit sfârşitul turiştii care nu i-au dat bacşiş

ghidului … dar asta este doar o legendă …

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UNIT 16 HOSPITALITY SERVICE: BENEFITS (II)

Local Contact. Ostensibly, one of the primary reasons we travel is to experience what life is like for people living in other countries. Making interpersonal connections and fostering understanding of different cultures may in the long run also be important to international relations. However, even in our increasingly globalised world supposedly rife with diversity, in many popular travel destinations we find tourists milling around “tourist enclaves” where the companies they patronize back home have set up shop to cater to their desires while they are abroad. Sociologist George Ritzer has referred to this phenomenon as the "McDonaldisation of society" and the more recently, the "globalization of nothing". The location of hotels near these centres only fosters more convenient envelopment of the tourist dollar. During hospitality exchanges, hosts want to show off their local knowledge and exciting “off the map” venues. Not only will travellers get a distinctly different experience, but they will also get a feel for the everyday lives of local residents. Reciprocity. These systems foster richer and more convenient travel experiences not so much on the premise of altruism, but on the basis of social exchange theory. Implicit in the agreement to host travellers is the ability to ask to be hosted by them in the future. If one enjoys having interesting guests in their home, this works out well for both parties. It works comparatively better if you are visited by travellers from a locale you find particularly attractive. Thus, hosting someone from New York City in Gainesville, FL seems to be an unbelievable opportunity. Moreover, if you are a Westerner visiting someone in a developing nation (a country with a relatively low standard of living, undeveloped industrial base, and moderate to low human development index), your stay might be the only way that this individual or family could afford a trip to a rich nation. This may mean more than just a relaxing vacation for such disadvantaged parties. Authenticity and Adventure. Tourism has always searched for these two qualities, but the reach of tourism has to a large extent destroyed the opportunity to encounter them in most places. Unluckily, the experience has been thoroughly commodified by everyone who wanted to secure their opportunity to make a buck in the process. Accommodation sharing offers a way out of this bind and a viable alternative to having one’s desires manipulated by corporate conglomerates that never had the best interests of the place or the people foremost in their minds. (After Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia) Glossary

afford (v.) = a-şi permite back home = acasă bind = legătură

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commodify (v.) = a face comod developing nation = ţară în curs de dezvoltare disadvantaged = defavorizat(ă) envelopment = înveliş foremost = îndepărtat(ă) foster (v.) = a găzdui host (v.) = a găzdui in the long run = în timp, pe termen lung locale = loc, scenă, teatru make a buck (v.) = a câştiga, a face un ban mill around (v.) = a frecventa cu asiduitate not so much on …, but on … = nu atât pe seama …, cât pe seama … “off the map” venue = sosiri din cele mai îndepărtate colţuri ale lumii ostensibly = în aparenţă reach = rază de acţiune rife with … = plin de … search for … (v.) = a căuta …, a fi în căutarea … set up (v.) = a deschide, a întemeia show off (v.) = a face paradă thoroughly = cu atenţie/grijă to a large extent = într-o mare măsură unluckily = din nefericire way out of … = o ieşire din … while they are abroad = în timp ce sunt în străinătate work out (v.) = a face să meargă, a pune pe picioare

Exercises

1. Answer the following. - Why do people travel? - What do you understand by "McDonaldisation of society"? - What is a “developing nation”? - What do you understand by human development index? - Where in Romania can you enjoy “authenticity”? - Where can you meet “adventure”?

2. Right or wrong?

No. Statement Right Wrong

1 Hospitality allows travellers to get a distinctly different experience.

2 There is no "McDonaldisation" in Romania. 3 Tourists will mill around “tourist enclaves”.

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3. Turn the underlined nouns into adjectives. The standard of living refers to the quality and quantity of goods and services available to people and the way these services and goods are distributed within a population. It is generally measured by standards such as income inequality, poverty rate, and real income per person. Other measures such as access and quality of health care, educational standards and social rights are often used too. It is the ease by which people living in a country are able to satisfy their wants. Other more subjective factors also contribute to the quality of human life, for instance leisure, safety, cultural resources, social life, mental health, environmental quality issues, etc. In order to understand the meaning of these notions, more complex means of measuring well-being must be employed. 4. Fill in with the conjunctions below. and so on – even though – for example – for instance – how – which

Standards of living are inherently subjective and relative. ..., countries with a very small and rich upper class and a very large and poor lower class may have an average high level of income, … the majority of people have a low "standard of living". This mirrors the problem of poverty measurement, ... also tends towards the relative. This illustrates ... distribution of income can disguise the actual standard of living. There are many factors ... should be considered before measuring standard of living. ..., some factors are gross domestic product, the per capita income, population, stability … 5. Match the following.

1. beneficial

a. anything that brings help, advantage, or profit; (in Britain) the general money provided by the government to people who need it, especially to those who are sick or unemployed; an event, especially a theatrical performance, to raise money for some person or special purpose

2. beneficiary b. (especially of an action or event) producing favourable effects or useful results

3. benefit (n.) c. the receiver of a benefit or advantage, especially of money or property

4. benefit (v.) d. (especially of an action or event) to be useful, profitable, or helpful to; to gain advantage, to receive benefit (as a result of something)

6. Fill in with the following. beneficial – beneficiary – benefit

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- Few people in the Timiş County are entitled to unemployment … - For your …, I’ll just go over the agenda again. - He has had the … of a first-class education. - He was named in his uncle’s will as the chief … - It was a nice … concert. - Let’s give this project the … of the doubt. - People on high incomes will be the main … of these changes. - The fall in the prices will be … to small businesses. - These small businesses have … from the fall in interest rates. - This investment will … the company in the long run. 7. Supply the adjectives corresponding to the proper nouns in the text. The word enclave crept into the jargon of diplomacy rather late in English, in 1868, coming from French, the lingua franca of diplomacy, with a sense inherited from late Latin inclavatus meaning 'shut in, locked up" (with a key, late Latin clavis). The word exclave is a logical extension created three decades later. Although the meanings of both words are close, an exclave may not necessarily be an enclave. For example, Kaliningrad, an exclave of Russia, is surrounded not by one state, but by two: Lithuania and Poland; it also borders the Baltic Sea. On the other hand, Lesotho is an enclave in South Africa, but it isn't politically attached to anything else. 8. Supply the nouns corresponding to the verbs in the text below. George Ritzer (born 1940) is Professor of Sociology at the University of Maryland, College Park. He has published extensively and is probably best known to the non-academic world for his "McDonaldization" thesis, which is described and discussed in the following books: - George Ritzer: The McDonaldization of Society (1993) which has been

translated into 16 languages. - George Ritzer: The McDonaldization Thesis: Explorations and

Extensions (1998), in which he applies his thesis to various areas such as tourism ("post-tourism", "McDisneyization") or university ("McUniversity").

9. What do you think the terms mentioned above (McDonaldization, McDisneyization, McUniversity) may refer to? 10. Do you find anything annoying about being a tourist? “The worst thing about being a tourist is you come across too many tourists all over the place.”

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UNIT 17

HOSPITALITY SERVICE: DRAWBACKS Lack of Guarantee. There is no contractual agreement between users in these systems. Reservations are made, but if they are for some reason broken, there is no higher authority to which one could plead for a refund or other compensation. The only repercussion will be the poor rating you give that user and your only consolation will be that your warning will deter others from visiting or hosting them. For those who feel insecure unless their travel arrangements are written in stone before departure, this system will not be comforting. Potential Interpersonal Conflict or Awkwardness. There is a chance that guest and host will not get along. Perhaps there will be scheduling or ideological conflicts. Maybe you will find that hosts or visitors have misrepresented themselves. Perhaps the experience will not live up to your expectations. Intense interpersonal communications in advance and a flexibility once you have arrived is your best bet. These experiences require additional planning and courtesy towards the demands of your host. Thus, your living conditions, length of stay, and overall experience will be circumscribed by the living conditions you enter into. Digital Divide and Demographic Segregation. The average user is a young white male who speaks English and lives in a developed nation. While there are many users who do not fit this description, the more different they are, the less likely they will be involved. This is especially true for persons living in the developing world who likely do not have easy access to the fundamental prerequisite for using these services: computers and the Internet. Thus, the sample population found in searches of these databases are really much less diverse than a geographical representation of worldwide users might suggest. Security. Everyone realizes there is a distinct possibility that someone will abuse the system and that innocent users (especially women) will get hurt. All services include disclaimers that require users to waive their rights to hold anyone but themselves responsible for any harm that may come to them in using the system. They advise that the best defence mechanism is to only involve oneself with users that have extensive personal information and interpersonal networks within the system that have been verified by others. It does seem entirely plausible that someone clever and patient enough might be able to invent an entire group of complex user identities and build histories convincing enough to fool even more cautious patrons. Glossary

additional = suplimentar awkwardness = ciudăţenie break a reservation = a anula o rezervare

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contractual agreement = acord contractual courtesy = atenţie, curtoazie departure = plecare deter from … (v.) = a împiedica, a reţine de la … disclaimer = dezminţire drawback = dezavantaj, neajuns expectation = aşteptare harm = daună, vătămare lack of guarantee = lipsă de garanţii length of stay = lungimea şederii make a reservation = a face o rezervare prerequisite = premiză realise (v.) = a-şi da seama de … refund = rambursare scheduling = planificare, programare the more …, the less … = cu cât mai mult …, cu atât mai puţin … unless … = cu condiţia să …, doar dacă nu … user = utilizator waive one’s rights (v.) = a renunţa la drepturile cuvenite warning = avertisment, avertizare write in stone (v.) = a stipula ferm condiţiile

Exercises

1. Answer the following. - What kinds of lack of guarantee are there in tourism? - Have you ever faced interpersonal conflict or awkwardness in tourism?

When and where?

2. Right or wrong?

No. Statement Right Wrong

1 Reservations are made, but there is no higher authority to which one could plead for a refund or other compensation if the case.

2 The average user is a young white female who speaks English and lives in a developed nation.

3 There is a chance that guest and host will not get along.

3. Identify the terms and phrases related to “tourism”.

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The difference between hospitality services and the other social networking platforms popular nowadays on the web (such as MySpace, Tribe, and Ebay) is that any agreement reached through the accommodation sharing medium is contingent on actually meeting other people face-to-face. Other web scams are easier because interpersonal interactions rely so much on putative identities that are never actually verified in the real world. However, this does not diminish the greater risk to physical well being that this kind of travelling by definition must entertain. The best advice is to meet unknown persons in public spaces first, and try to meet some of their acquaintances in person before agreeing to a hospitality exchange. 4. Fill in with the nouns below. e-mail – network – site – sites – website – websites

MySpace is a social networking … based in West Hollywood, California offering an interactive … of blogs, user profiles, groups, photos, MP3s, videos and an internal …l system. According to Alexa Internet, as of July 2006 it is the world's fourth most popular English-language … and the sixth most popular in any language. It is the most popular … in the United States, accounting for 4.5% of all website visits. MySpace has gradually gained more popularity than similar … such as Facebook, Bebo, Friendster, MyYearbook, FriendsReunited.co.uk, Classmates.com and LiveJournal to achieve 80% of visits to online social networking … It has become an increasingly influential part of contemporary pop culture, especially in the Anglosphere. MySpace has 300 employees, is owned by Newscorp, and does not disclose revenues or profits. MySpace currently reports just over 95 million members, with 500,000 new members each week. 5. Match the following.

1. guarantee (n.)

a. a formal declaration that something will be done, especially a written agreement by the maker of an article to repair or replace it if it is found to be imperfect within a certain period of time; an agreement to be responsible for the fulfilment of someone else’s promise, especially for paying a debt; something of value given to someone to keep until the owner has fulfilled a promise, especially to pay what is owing

2. guarantee (v.) b. a guarantee, especially of payment

3. guarantor c. a person who agrees to be responsible for another person’s fulfilling a promise, especially paying a debt

4. guaranty d. to give a guarantee; to promise (that something will certainly be so)

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6. Fill in the following. guarantee (n.) – guarantee (v.)

- All the food is … free of artificial preservatives. - Can you give me your … that it will be delivered by Friday afternoon? - Clear skies are no … that the weather will stay fine in Britain. - I … that you’ll enjoy Frank Capra’s last film. - The manufacturers … the iron for three years. - The PC is less than a year old, and therefore still under … - The radio has a 2-year … - They have … delivery within the hour. - They have … that any faulty parts will be replaced free of charge. 7. Fill in with if …(not) and unless? - I feel insecure ... my travel arrangements are written in stone before

departure. - I’ll be angry ... invited to the party. - I’ll stay at home ... I’m invited. - ... she weren’t so stupid she would certainly understand. - She would have died ... the doctors had saved her.

8. When do you make reservations? What are the Romanian equivalents for the term “reservation” such as it appears below? Reservation may refer to a tract of reserved land set apart for a special purpose: - an area for indigenous peoples to live in:

Indian reservation (Native American); Indian reserve (in Canada).

- an area where hunting animals is not permitted, such as a see National park, wildlife refuge.

In hospitality, a reservation may refer to a reserved appointment: - for travel modalities, such as airline and train tickets (computer reservations

system); - for lodging to hold an opening in an accommodation for a traveller’s arrival

on a particular day; - for dining in a restaurant at a particular time. 9. Read the following, and then do the same for Romania. Don’t forget to speak about the places in Romania where you can find wildlife refuges, the time they were declared wildlife refuges, the first wildlife refuge etc.

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A wildlife refuge or sanctuary for animals is an area of land or water set aside and maintained for the preservation of wildlife. Wildlife refuges are generally officially designated territories, created by government legislation, though the land itself may be publicly or privately owned. The first American wildlife refuge, Pelican Island National Wildlife Refuge, was established by Theodore Roosevelt as part of his Square Deal campaign to improve America. At the time, setting aside land for wildlife was not a constitutional right of the president. 10. Turn the following joke about tourists from Direct into Indirect Speech. Make any necessary changes. A bus load of tourists arrives at Runnymede. They gather around the guide who says, "This is the spot where the barons forced King John to sign the Magna Charta." A fellow at the front of the crowd asks, "When did that happen?" "1215," answers the guide. The man looks at his watch and says, "Damn! I have just missed it by a half hour!" Supplementary Reading: Types of Restaurants

Restaurants range from unpretentious lunching or dining places catering to people working nearby, with simple food served in simple settings at low prices, to expensive establishments serving refined food and wines in a formal setting. In the former case, customers usually wear casual clothing. In the latter case, depending on culture and local traditions, customers might wear semi-casual, semi-formal, or even in rare cases formal wear. Customers sit at tables, their orders are taken by a waiter, who brings the food when it is ready, and the customers pay the bill before leaving. In finer restaurants there will be a host or hostess to welcome customers and to seat them. Depending on local custom, a tip of varying proportions of the bill (often 10–20%) may be added, which (usually) goes to the staff rather than the restaurant. This gratuity might be added directly to the bill or it may be given voluntarily. Restaurants often specialise in certain types of food or present a certain unifying, and often entertaining, theme. For example, there are seafood restaurants, vegetarian restaurants or ethnic restaurants. Generally speaking, restaurants selling "local" food are simply called restaurants, while restaurants selling food of foreign origin are called accordingly, for example, a Chinese restaurant and a French restaurant.

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UNIT 18 FARM

A farm is the basic unit in agriculture (also called farming, the art, science or practice of producing food, feed, fibber and many other desired goods by the systematic raising of plants and animals). It is a section of land devoted to the production and management of food, either produce (a general term for a group of farm-produced goods, generally limited to fruits and vegetables) or livestock (domesticated animals intentionally reared in an agricultural setting to make produce such as food or fibre, or for their labour). The land and buildings of a farm are called the farmstead. In the UK, farm as an agricultural unit, always denotes the area of pasture and other fields together with its farmhouse and farmyard, barns, cowsheds, stables, etc. It may be an enterprise owned and operated by a single individual, family, or community, or it may be owned by a corporation or company. A farm can be a holding of any size from a fraction of a hectare to several thousand hectares. In England there is a vague point when a large farm ceases to be referred to as a farm and becomes an estate; although this term can refer to a collection of farms in the same ownership. The word has its roots in the Anglo-Saxon word feorm, which relates to provisioning and food supply, and was originally indicative of a form of taxation, whereby goods or monetary equivalents were liable to the king. Over time, this taxation was translated into a form of rental tax. Enterprises where livestock are raised on rangeland are called ranches. Where livestock are raised in confinement on feed produced elsewhere, the term feedlot is usually used. A truck farm is a farm that raises vegetables, but little or no grain. Truck is an archaic word for vegetables. Orchard is used for enterprises producing tree fruits or nuts, and vineyard is used for enterprises producing raisins, wine or table grapes. The stable is used for operations principally involved in the production of horses and other animals and livestock. A farm that is primarily used for the production of milk and dairy is a dairy farm. History of Farming. The development of farming and farms was an important component in establishing towns. Once a people move from hunting and collecting and from simple horticulture to active farming, social arrangements of roads, distribution, collection, and marketing can evolve. With the exception of plantations and colonial farms, farm sizes tend to be small in newly settled lands and to extend as transportation and markets become sophisticated. Farming rights have been central to a number of revolutions, wars of liberation, and post-colonial economics. (After Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia)

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Glossary barn = grajd, hambar collecting = cules cowshed = staul pentru vite dairy = produse lactate dairy farm = fermă de vaci de lapte estate = proprietate la ţară farmhouse = casa fermei farming right = dreptul de a practica agricultura farmstead = pământul şi construcţiile aferente unei ferme farmyard = curtea fermei feed = hrană (pentru animale) feedlot = fermă animală food = hrană (pentru oameni) hunting = vânătoare livestock = animale domestice crescute în gospodării agricole orchard = livadă pasture = păşune produce = produse agricole (în special legume şi fructe) raise in confinement (v.) = a creşte în adăposturi raisin = struguri pentru stafide ranch = fermă de dimensiuni mari unde vitele sunt crescute în aer liber rangeland = întinderi mari de pământ acoperite cu păşuni rear (v.) = a creşte rental tax = impozit/taxă pe arendă stable = grajd table grapes = struguri de masă truck farm = fermă legumicolă vineyard = podgorie, vie wine grapes = struguri pentru vin

Exercises

1. Answer the following. - What is a farm? - What is farming? - What is a farmstead? - What is a farmhouse? - What is a farmyard? - What is a ranch?

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2. Right or wrong?

No. Statement Right Wrong

1 A farm can be a holding of a particular size from a fraction of a hectare to several thousand hectares.

2 A farm denotes the area of pasture and other fields together with its farmhouse and farmyard, barns, cowsheds, stables, etc.

3 A farm is a selection of land devoted to the production and management of food.

4 A farm is the basic unit in farming.

5

A farm may be an enterprise owned and operated by a single individual, family, or community, or it may be owned by a corporation or company.

6 An estate is a collection of farms.

7 The land and buildings of a farm are called the farmstead.

3. Identify the terms and phrases related to “agriculture”. Produce is a general term for a group of farm-produced goods, generally limited to fruits and vegetables. More specifically, the term "produce" often implies that the foods are fresh and generally in the same state as when they were harvested. In supermarkets the term produce is also used to refer to the section where fruits and vegetables are kept. 4. Fill in with the articles below, if possible. a – an – the

Livestock are domesticated animals intentionally reared in … agricultural setting to make produce such as food or fibre, or for their labour. Livestock include … cattle, … goats, … sheep, … and … poultry. … type of livestock reared varies worldwide and depends on factors such as … climate, … consumer demand, … native animals, … local traditions, and … land type. Livestock may be raised for ... subsistence food or for profit. Raising animals is … important component of modern agriculture. It has been practiced in many societies, since … transition to farming from hunter-gather lifestyles. 5. Match the following. 1. farm (n.) a. a farmhouse and its surrounding buildings 2. farm (v.) b. a person who owns or manages a farm

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3. farm belt c. a person who works on a farm, but who does not own the farm

4. farmer d. a person who works on a farm; farm labourer

5. farmer tan e. a suntan in which only your face, neck, and lower arms become darker, because you were wearing a short when you were in the sun

6. farmhand f. a yard surrounded by farm buildings

7. farmhouse g. an area of land used for farming especially the central plains of the US

8. farming h. an area of land, together with its buildings, concerned with the growing of crops or the raising of animals; a farmhouse

9. farm labourer i. land used or suitable for farming, especially cultivated land or pasture

10. farmland j. the main house on a farm, where the farmer lives

11. farmstead k. the practice or business of being in charge of or working on a farm

12. farmyard l. to use (land) for growing crops, raising animals etc

6. Fill in the following. farm – farmer – farming

- Being a coconut … must be something! - Couldn’t we … out some of the work for today? - Dairy … are … on which they raise dairy cattle. - Fruit … are difficult to take care of because of the pests. - Have you read “Animal … ”? - He is the most skilled sheep … I have ever seen. - I could never make a good … labourer. - I have never worked on a … - My brother-in-law has a sheep … - Our students get acquainted with the new methods in dairy … in their

“Animal Breeding” class. - They’re always … out their children on their relatives. - We … a hundred hectares of arable land.

7. What are the Romanian equivalents for the term “estate” below? The term estate applies to land under ownership and as such is a generic term for a parcel of land held by an individual or family, common in early British Gentry. Later, 20th century usage in Great Britain may apply to land which forms part of housing for social usage. ”Housing" were a common occurrence in

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British social housing of the 20th century. Many estates were later transformed by individual house ownership brought on by Margaret Thatcher in the 1980s. An estate may be an expensive area to live (e. g. a gated estate) or an area primarily of social housing (council estate). A trading estate is a business area, often on the edge of a town, where a number of offices or factory units are available to let to multiple companies. In both cases, they will have often been constructed on the former grounds of a single property which has been demolished, or on one or more fields (greenfield land) or on brownfield land. 9. Put the following joke about tourists into English. La restaurant, clientul către chelner, la vederea notei de plată: - Ei, drăcie, o sută de mii de lei pentru un prânz. Puteaţi măcar să faceţi o

reducere, ca pentru un coleg. - Şi dumneavoastră sunteţi tot chelner? - Nu, sunt hoţ!

Supplementary Reading: Market Gardening

In agriculture, market gardening is the relatively small-scale production of fruits, vegetables and flowers as cash crops, frequently sold directly to consumers and restaurants. It is distinguishable from other types of farming by the diversity of crops grown on a small area of land, typically, from under one acre (4 000 m²) to a few acres, or sometimes in greenhouses. Such a farm is sometimes called a market garden. Market gardening as a business is based on providing a wide range and steady supply of fresh produce through the local growing season. Many different crops and varieties are grown, in contrast with large, industrialized farms, which tend to specialize in high volume production of single crops, a practice known as monoculture. Market gardening also employs more manual labour and gardening techniques, compared to large-scale mechanized farming. Because production is relatively low-volume, sales are often through local fresh produce outlets, such as on-farm stands, farmers' markets, community-supported agriculture subscriptions, restaurants and independent produce stores. Market gardening has in recent decades become an alternative business and lifestyle choice for individuals who wish to "return to the land", because the business model and niche allow a smaller start-up investment than conventional commercial farming, and generally offers a viable market, especially with the recent popularity of organic and local food (and the fact that "everybody has to eat"). It is in some instances considered hobby farming, although market gardening is a recognized type of farming with a distinct business model that can be significantly profitable and sustainable. Although in some cases the distinction may be arguable, market gardening should not be confused with the efforts of amateur gardeners, who sometimes sell from home or at markets, as an extension of their pastime.

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UNIT 19 FOOD & WINE TOURISM IN ROMANIA

The main ingredients used by Romanian chefs are meats such as pork, beef and lamb, fish, vegetables, dairy products and fruit. A traditional Romanian meal may include: Appetizer: All kinds of cheeses, cold cuts and vegetable spreads. Soup: "Ciorbă de perişoare" (meatball soup), "ciorbă ţărănească" (vegetable soup, with or without meat), "ciorbă de burtă" (tripe soup). Fish: "Saramură" (grilled carp in brine), "nisetru la grătar" (grilled Black Sea sturgeon) or "scrumbie la grătar" (grilled herring). Entrée: "Tocăniţă" (meat stew seasoned with onions and/or spices), "ghiveci" (over 20 vegetables cooked in oil), "sarmale" (pickled cabbage leaves stuffed with a mix of minced meats, rice and spices) and "mititei" (The "Wee Ones" - small skinless grilled sausages) are among the favourites. Dessert: "Papanaşi" (cottage cheese donuts, topped with sour cream and fruit preserve), "clătite cu brânză" (crepes filled with cottage cheese, raisins and spices) and "cozonac" (traditional holiday sweet bread filled with walnuts, poppy seeds or cream cheese). A traditional drink enjoyed with appetizers is "ţuica" (a potent plum brandy) which varies in strength, dryness and bouquet according to the production area. Whether you travel in Romania along the coast of the Black Sea or in the Dobrudja Plateau near the Danube Delta region or in the Province of Moldova or along valley slopes of the scenic Carpathian Mountains or in Transylvania Province or in Walachia or in nearly any agricultural area throughout Romania, you’re in wine country. Romania is one of the world’s top-ranking producers of numerous delicious wines, some of which never leave its borders. Archaeological evidence of country-wide wine production in Romania’s grape-friendly soil and climate dates back to the classical Greek and Roman eras of settlement in Romania. Today, on a list of the world’s “Top 12 Wine Producers,” in which France ranks number one and Italy is listed as number two, Romania ranks tenth among the world’s top wine producers by volume. For the traveller interested in adding viniculture to his or her cultural itinerary, a trip to Romania offers many opportunities to visit wine-producing regions and to discover and sample the many different wines of Romania, from little known local and regional wines to Romania’s great wine labels, such as Murfatlar, Cotnari, Jidvei, Dealu Mare and Odobeşti. Romania’s climate and soil are hospitable to the production of many different types of wines, from dry, sparkling whites to rich, aromatic, purplish reds. And, since traditional Romanian fermentation methods do not employ chemicals, drinking these richly tasting wines seldom results in a hangover. (After www.romaniatourism.com)

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Glossary appetiser = aperitiv archaeological evidence = dovadă arheologică beef = carne de vită brine = saramură cold cuts = gustări reci fruit preserve = dulceaţă, gem hangover = mahmureală meal = masă (mic dejun, prânz, cină etc.) minced meat = carne tocată pickled cabbage = varză murată poppy seeds = seminţe de mac settlement = colonizare sour cream = smântână sparkling = spumos, spumoasă spice = condiment stuff (v.) = a umple top-ranking producer = producător de top vegetable spread = pastă de legume

Exercises

1. Answer the following. - What are your favourite appetisers, soups, entrées, and desserts? Why? - Which of the appetisers, soups, entrées, and desserts on page 117 are

really Romanian? - What is your favourite appetizer drink? Why? - What is your favourite wine? Why? 2. Right or wrong?

No. Statement Right Wrong

1 A traditional drink enjoyed with appetizers is "ţuica".

2 A trip to Romania offers many opportunities to visit wine-producing regions.

3 The main ingredients used by Romanian chefs are meats.

3. Identify the terms and phrases related to “cuisine”. A cuisine (from French cuisine, meaning "cooking; culinary art; kitchen"; itself from Latin coquina, meaning the same; itself from the Latin verb coquere,

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meaning "to cook") is a specific set of cooking traditions and practices, often associated with a place of origin. Religious food laws can also exercise a strong influence on cuisine. A cuisine is primarily influenced by the ingredients that are available locally or through trade. (For example, the "Asian" dish chop suey clearly reflected the adaptation of Chinese immigrant cooking styles to the different ingredients available in North America.) 4. Ask questions to which the underlined words are the answers. Cooking is an act of preparing food for eating. It encompasses a vast range of methods, tools and combinations of ingredients to improve the flavour or digestibility of food. It generally requires the selection, measurement and combining of ingredients in an ordered procedure in an effort to achieve the desired result. Constraints on success include the variability of ingredients, ambient conditions, tools and the skill of the individual cooking. The diversity of cooking worldwide reflects the myriad agricultural, economic, and cultural considerations that impact upon it. Cooking requires applying heat to food which usually, though not always, chemically transforms it, thus changing its flavour, texture, appearance, and nutritional properties. 5. Match the following.

1. food a. a group of animals/plants arranged in a series in which each member eats the one below it and is eaten by the one above it

2. food aid b. a painful stomach disorder caused by eating food that contains harmful bacteria or poisonous substances

3. food bank c. a piece of electrical equipment that performs a number of operations in preparing food

4. food chain d. a place which gives food to poor people

5. food coupon e. a substance used as food that is to be cooked and/or mixed with other foods for eating

6. foodie f. a way of describing the contents of ready- packed food in most Western countries

7. food labelling g. (in the US) an official paper which the government gives to people who are unemployed or on a low income

8. food poisoning h. food provided by richer countries to countries which are in difficulty

9. food processor i. food stamp

10. food stamp j. someone who is very interested in cooking and good food

11. foodstuff k. something that living creatures take into their bodies to provide them with energy and to live

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6. Fill in the following. food – food aid – food coupon – food stamp

- Before 1989 there were frequent and serious … shortages. - Is she eligible for … ? - Milk is the natural … for young babies. - My parents are on … - Romania also has enough … - Specialists hope to develop a new sort of liquid plant- … - This store accepts …instead of cash. - Too many sweet … have increased my weight. - We always get lots of … in that restaurant, bit they never give us much to

drink.

7. What do you think about this? Perhaps the biggest challenge to staff during peak-demand periods is handling complaints. Not only are there more customers to serve, but more of those customers are frustrated because they have to wait longer to speak with someone and because their needs mean more to them at special times of the year. For example, parents who can't figure out how to operate that new computer they just purchased and who sit with an impatient child screaming to get at the latest software game are understandably under greater pressure. Customer complaints statistics, under normal-demand periods, are not encouraging. But it becomes even more difficult to handle complaints effectively during peak-demand periods. Complaint handling is something that very few people do well naturally. As a result, members of the staff need training in this critical area of customer communication. We have found that as little as a half day of complaint handling training can significantly improve customer retention rates, staff retention rates, and customer satisfaction. Such training needs to: - encourage staff to view complaints as simply the customer's point of view; - provide staff with adaptable, easy-to-use formulas; - allow practice of specific strategies for handling upset customers; 8. Put the following advice for tourists into Romanian. What does humour rely on here? There are these animals in a restaurant. The waiter comes over at the end of the night to collect for the drinks. The skunk says, "Don't look at me, I haven't got a scent." The cow says, "You'll have to ask one of the udders." The deer says, "I had a buck last week and I'm expecting a little doe soon." The duck says, "In that case, just put it on my bill."

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UNIT 20 AGRITOUR SOLUTIONS (I)

Whether you are just starting an agritourism venture or have been working at it for a while, we can assist you. We offer a variety of consulting packages to the farmer (or rancher) who is working to develop their farm as an educational resource farm and an agritourism destination. We can take you from the conceptual phase to grand opening, and continue our working relationship to help evaluate your success and create stepping stones for the future. We can do as much or as little of the work as you want. Projects are priced on the scope of work need to complete the project to your specification. Our services to the agritourism industry:

- agritourism workshops for groups; - branding and marketing; - building community partnerships & sponsorships; - bus tour development & training; - determining technology requirements; - developing a master plan or specialty tours; - direct farm marketing value-added; - direct mail marketing; - employee, school tour, and website development; - evaluating farm facilities; - farm safety issues; - farm tour development; - internet marketing; - marketing & management of maze ventures; - promoting special events; - what is your story and how do you tell your story; - workshops & speaking engagements for groups.

Developing a Philosophy. We work with the farmer to develop a special philosophy for redeveloping the farm as a heritage/tourism attraction and an education resource through developing a positive attitude, understanding the preservation of agriculture, creating memorable moments for adults and children, promoting good customer service, choosing the right employees. Marketing. We produce a market study providing the area demographics, understanding the nuances of local competition, clear identification of the customer(s). Analyze the farm’s assets and work with the farmer to create a destination for educational and tourism visitors. (After www.agri-toursolutions.com)

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Glossary agritourism destination = destinaţie agro-turistică assets = avere, punct forte branding = marcare bus tour development = elaborarea unui tur cu autobuzul consulting package = pachet de consultanţă customer service = serviciu la cererea clientului direct farm marketing = comercializarea direct la fermă direct mail marketing = comercializarea prin poştă educational resource farm = fermă cu resurse educative employee = angajat(ă) farm facilities = dotări la fermă farm safety issue = problemă legată de siguranţa fermei farm tour development = elaborarea unui tur al fermei grand opening = deschiderea/inaugurarea oficială heritage attraction = atracţie din punctual de vedere al moştenirii culturale internet marketing = comercializarea pe Internet marketing = comercializare master plan = plan principal on the scope of … = în funcţie de scopul … partnership = parteneriat preservation = conservare price (v.) = a stabili preţul school tour = excursie şcolară, tur şcolar specialty tour = tur specializat sponsorship = sponsorizare stepping stone = treaptă technology requirements = cerinţe tehnologice training = formare, pregătire venture = afacere comportând multe riscuri website development = elaborarea unui site pe Internet workshop = atelier

Exercises

1. Answer the following. - Is agritourism really a solution for Romanian agriculture? - What services does AgriTour supply? - Would you start an agritourism business? - What products would you choose to supply?

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2. Right or wrong?

No. Statement Right Wrong

1 A farmer (or rancher) may work to develop his farm as an educational resource farm and an agritourism destination.

2 AgriTour can take agritourism farmers from the conceptual phase to grand opening and help evaluate your success.

3 AgriTour can work with the farmer to create a destination for educational and tourism visitors.

3. Identify nouns in the text. A joint venture (often abbreviated JV) is a legal entity formed between two or more parties to undertake economic activity together. The parties agree to create a new entity and they share the revenues, expenses, and control of the enterprise. This is in contrast to a strategic alliance, which involves a less rigid arrangement for the participants. Legal improvement has brought many benefits for joint ventures, along withbeneficial tax treatment. 4. Fill in with the adjectives below. concrete – cultural – economic – explicit – massive – personal – symbolic

A brand is a collection of feelings toward an … producer; more specifically, it refers to the … symbols for the brand, such as a name and design scheme. Feelings are created by the accumulation of experiences with the brand, both directly relating to its use, and through the influence of advertising, design, and media commentary. A brand is a … embodiment of all the information connected to a company, product or service. A brand serves to create associations and expectations among products made by a producer. A brand often includes an … logo, fonts, colour schemes, symbols, which are developed to represent implicit values, ideas, and even personality. The brand, and "branding" and brand equity have become increasingly … components of culture and the economy, now being described as " … accessories and … philosophies". 5. Match the following.

1. market day a. a day in the week when a town has a market

2. market economy b. a dealer buying and selling securities

3. market forces c. a service or product which sells better than any other of its kind

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4. market garden d. a space for a product or service to fill in the area of buying and selling

5. market leader e. a system of producing wealth based on the free operation of business and trade without government controls

6. market maker f. a town where a market is held, especially one for buying and selling sheep, cattle etc

7. market niche g. an area for growing vegetables and fruit for sale

8. market price h. the amount of a particular type of goods or services sold by a company when compared with the total amount of such goods etc sold

9. market research i. the free operation of business and trade without any controls by government, so that prices and wage levels depend on demand

10. market share j. the price which buyers will actually pay for something

11. market town k. the process of collecting information about what people buy and why, usually done by companies to increase sales

12. market value l. the value of a product based on the price that people are willing to pay for it rather than the cost of making or building it

6. Fill in the following. market day – market niche – market research – market share

- … in Timişoara are Wednesdays and Fridays. - I usually go into town on … - Romanians should do more … to succeed. - That company found a … for agritourism. - We are aiming to increase our … in agritourism.

7. Put the following into Romanian. Internet marketing is the use of the Internet to advertise and sell goods and services. Internet Marketing includes pay per click advertising, banner ads, e-mail marketing, search engine marketing (including search engine optimization), blog marketing, and article marketing. Internet marketing is a component of electronic commerce. Internet marketing can include information management, public relations, customer service, and sales. Electronic commerce and Internet marketing have become popular as Internet access is becoming more widely available and used. Well

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over one third of consumers who have Internet access in their homes report using the Internet to make purchases. Internet marketing first began in the early 1990s as simple, text-based websites that offered product information. It then evolved into advertisements complete with graphics. The most recent step in this evolution was the creation of complete online businesses that use the Internet to promote and sell their services and goods. Internet marketing is associated with several business models. The main models include business-to-business and business-to-consumer (B2C). B2B consists of companies doing business with each other, whereas B2C involves selling directly to the end consumer. When Internet marketing first began, the B2C model was first to emerge. B2B transactions were more complex and came about later. A third, less common business model is peer-to-peer (P2P), where individuals exchange goods between themselves. An example of P2P is Kazaa, which is built upon individuals sharing files. 8. Does the following joke ring a bell?

A retailer was dismayed when a competitor selling the same type of product opened next-door to him, displaying a large sign proclaiming "Best Deals. Not long after that, he was horrified to find yet another competitor move in next door, on the other side if his store. It's large sign was even more disturbing -"Lowest Prices.” After his initial panic, and concern that he would be driven out of business, he looked for a way to turn the situation to his marketing advantage. Finally, an idea came to him. Next day, he proudly unveiled a new and huge sign over his front door. It read: "Main Entrance!"

Supplementary Reading: The Four Ps In popular usage, "marketing" is the promotion of products, especially advertising and branding. However, in professional usage the term has a wider meaning that recognizes that marketing is customer centred. Products are often developed to meet the desires of groups of customers or even, in some cases, for specific customers. McCarthy divided marketing into four general sets of activities. His typology has become so universally recognized that his four activity sets, the Four Ps, have passed into the language. The four Ps are: - Product: The Product management and Product marketing aspects of

marketing deal with the specifications of the actual good or service, and how it relates to the end-user's needs and wants.

- Pricing: This refers to the process of setting a price for a product, including discounts.

- Promotion: This includes advertising, sales promotion, publicity. - Placement or distribution refers to the point of sale.

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UNIT 21 AGRITOUR SOLUTIONS (II)

Farm Branding. We introduce the farmer to the concept of branding. Discuss the value of creating a design theme and logo family in a style and format that will adapt to many different uses. Layout the structure of an Internet presence, in terms of domain name, hosting company, email and website development/maintenance. Develop a media strategy for production of website and collateral materials, such as brochures, posters, stationery, flyers, business cards, rack cards, newsletters, apparel, bumper stickers, etc. Marketing Plan Evaluation. After the key marketing elements are in place, we monitor the success of the website for search ability, adequate bandwidth, traffic, workability and efficiency. Develop a strategy for email marketing with newsletters, online flyers, coupons, etc. Create a calendar for production of new collateral pieces with each farm season. Areas of Development. Farm Facilities. Identify and resolve safety and liability issues. Address sanitation, in terms of restrooms, hand-washing/sanitizing, and employee hygiene. Plan for country store, produce market, and/or crafts market. Place picnic areas, pavilions, playgrounds and rest areas for elderly or physically challenged. Farm Tour Development. Identify tour opportunities by theme and type. Tour types: Bus, school and self-guided. Tour themes: Educational, ‘experience the farm’, and gardens. Related topics: Hayrides and weenie roasts, tour scripts, setting dates, tour supplies and handouts. Agritourism Technology. Recommend, install and/or configure hardware and software required for efficient agritourism operation. Build Partnerships. Research and identify partnerships within the agriculture industry, the local community, and other entities. Examples: Media contacts, corporate sponsors, legislative officials, historical societies, arts councils, craft guilds, and other not-for-profit organizations. Create Special Events. Encourage research of local history, demographics evaluation, and community resources to help identify successful event themes and scheduling. Events may include cornfield maze, fall harvest celebrations, spring lambing/calving, sheep shearing, pumpkin patch working, wildflower picking, Christmas tree sales, homestead holiday celebrations, hayrides, arrow hunting, and many more. Festivals may be planned throughout the year to enable visitors to experience the farm in each season. Aid in planning for the farm to host group events such as corporate outings, family reunions, church and scouting field trips, and farm parties. (After www.agri-toursolutions.com) Glossary

adequate bandwidth = lăţime adecvată a bandei apparel = echipament, îmbrăcăminte

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arrow hunting = vânătoarea cu arcul bumper sticker = abţibild business card = carte de vizită pentru oamenii de afaceri cornfield maze = labirint în lanul de porumb corporate outing = ieşire organizată pentru angajaţii unei companii country store = magazine sătesc craft guild = breasla meşteşugărească elderly = cei mai bătrâni/în vârstă employee hygiene = igiena angajaţilor fall harvest celebration = sărbătoarea recoltei flyer = fluturaş hand-washing/sanitizing = spălatul mâinilor homestead holiday celebration = sărbătoare petrecută acasă liability issue = problemă legată de solvabilitate physically challenged (the) = cei dizabilitaţi/handicapaţi pumpkin patch = sculptarea dovlecilor rack card = program al curselor de cai restroom = cameră de odihnă sanitation = igienizare scouting field trip = excursie organizată pentru cercetaşi sheep shearing = tunsul oilor spring lambing/calving = momentul din timpul primăverii când se nasc miei/viţei stationery = papetărie tour supplies = cele necesare unui tur weenie roast = turneu de concerte wildflower picking = culesul de flori sălbatice

Exercises

1. Answer the following.

- Which of the activities mentioned in the text are also carried out in Romania?

- Which of these (or other) activities would you carry out if you ran your own tourist farm?

2. Right or wrong?

No. Statement Right Wrong

1 AgriTour develops a strategy for direct mail marketing with newsletters, online flyers, etc.

2 AgriTour solves safety and liability issues. 3 AgriTour identifies touring and other opportunities.

4 AgriTour introduces the farmer to the concept of branding.

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3. Summarize what the following text is about in no more than a sentence. After working in a store for Stone and McKenna in Fort Smith William Henry moved to Sallisaw, July 4, 1893, and established The Economy Store, the second general merchandise store in Sallisaw and by careful, diligent, and conscientious, business methods prospered, and eventually massed, what in that period, was a small fortune. Out of this business grew the McDonald Mercantile Company, later McDonald and Matthews. He established and was president of the Merchant National Bank. This bank later became the First National Bank with his son, Ed, president. The depression and disaster to farmers, merchants, and bankers which began in the twenties brought about reverses and disaster to all involved. Rugged honesty and determination to save the institutions, in which he was interested, revealed a spirit of loyalty, integrity, and sacrifice. He put up all he had in an attempt to overcome the adverse tide, but it was a futile effort. 4. Fill in with the verbs below. became – entered – held – moved – was

After the closing of the store, Jim, who says he grew up in the store becoming buyer and manager, … to Chickasha, Oklahoma where he … a salesman for Hamilton Brown Shoe Company. Later he … a travelling salesman for Peters Brand of International Shoes - a job he … for thirty years. To be near a college for his children he … to Norman in 1933. After retirement he … the Real Estate business in Norman. Jim, the only surviving child of W. H. McDonald lives in Norman with his wife, Billie. Ed … secretary of the State Highway Commission for several years. The bridge across the Arkansas River at Kerr Dam in Sequoia County is named for Ed McDonald. 5. Match the following.

1. sale a. a person who goes from place to place, selling a firm’s goods

2. sales tax b. the division of a business that is responsible for selling products or services

3. sales representative c. the exchange of a commodity for money; the action of selling something.

4. sales resistance d. money charged in addition to the ordinary price of an article or service

5. sales slip e. a receipt given in a shop

6. sales talk f. talking intended to persuade or sell, especially by praising what is for sale

7. sales department g. unwillingness to buy; ability to refuse being persuaded by a salesperson

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6. Fill in the following. saleroom – sales – salesman – salesperson – sales tax – saleswoman

- A male salesperson is a … - A place where auction sales are held is a … - A shop assistant is a … or a … - A shop assistant is also called a … - He was appointed … director. - Most states in Europe have a … added to most sold products. 7. Supply the verbs corresponding to the words underlined in the texts below. a) In marketing a coupon is a ticket that can be exchanged for a financial

discount when purchasing a product. Customarily, coupons are issued by manufacturers of consumer packaged goods or by retailers, to be used in retail stores as a part of sales promotions. They are often widely distributed through mail, magazines, newspapers and the Internet. Internet coupons have become very popular as of late, because the cost is borne by the user (who has to print the coupons himself) rather than the businesses.

b) A newsletter is a regularly distributed publication generally about one main topic that is of interest to its subscribers. Many newsletters are published by societies, associations, and businesses to provide information of interest to their members or employees. Some newsletters are created as money-making ventures and sold directly to subscribers.

8. Supply antonyms for the words underlined in the texts below. a) A hayride is a pleasure ride in an open truck, wagon or sleigh which has

been decorated with hay or straw and similar farm life paraphernalia. It is usually organized commercially at night.

b) Placer mining is an open-pit or open-cast form of mining by which certain valuable minerals are extracted from the surface of the earth without tunnelling. Excavation is accomplished using water pressure or surface excavating equipment.

c) Sheep shearing, typically just called shearing, is the process by which the woollen fleece of a sheep is removed. The person who removes the sheep's wool is called a shearer. The annual shearing most often occurs in a shearing shed, a facility especially designed to process dozens of sheep per day.

d) Weenie Roast is an annual concert tour that began in 1993. The concert has always aired on the second or third Saturday in June since it was aired until 2004. It now airs in May starting from 2005.

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9. Think of a product you would like to sell and choose the best form of advertising among the following. Motivate your choice. Print Newspapers and Magazines - Advantages: information is known about the people who read certain papers - Disadvantages: often not in colour and are static and silent Posters and Billboards - Advantages: high visual impact for a long time and will be seen by a lot of

different people - Disadvantages: are only seen for a few seconds by drivers and are

vulnerable to weather and graffiti Yellow Pages - Advantages: anyone looking in the Yellow Pages wants to buy - Disadvantages: a lot of your competitors are on the same page you are Media Television - Advantages: can reach millions of people all over the country - Disadvantages: very expensive Radio - Advantages: cheaper than T.V, can be used to reach certain listeners - Disadvantages: sound only, smaller audiences Cinemas - Advantages: very high visual and sound effect, captive audience - Disadvantages: are relatively expensive Communications Leaflets and junk mail - Advantages: cheap to produce and distribute - Disadvantages: are easy to ignore Telephone - Advantages: direct to customer, interactive, receive instant feed back. - Disadvantages: makes some customer feel their privacy has been violated,

sometimes has negative results. Websites - Advantages: high visual impact, interactive and can link directly to buying

the product, is relatively cheap - Disadvantages: there is a lot of competition so getting people's attention

may be difficult, needs to be continually updated, can become expensive 10. Put the following joke about tourists into English. Doi scoţieni în compartimentul unui tren: - Ştiţi, sunt în voiaj de nuntă, fac o călătorie în Italia, spune unul. - Dar soţia dumneavoastră unde este? întreabă celălalt. - A, pe soţie am lăsat-o acasă, ea a mai fost măritată şi a mai văzut Italia.

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UNIT 22 AGRITOURISM IN ROMANIA

A.N.T.R.E.C. (Asociaţia Naţională de Turism Rural, Ecologic şi Cultural) is an association that identifies, develops and promotes the Romanian hospitality and rural tourism. The association is known nationally and internationally as a leader in the development of the Romanian rural tourism, in encouraging the ecological spirit and preserving Romanian traditional culture. It is a non-governmental apolitical organization, member of the European Federation for Rural Tourism - EUROGITES. The association was founded in 1994 and now it has 32 county branches, a number of 3500 members - owners of tourist and agro-tourist pensions from 900 localities. In 1994 the Association was awarded with “OSCAR CAPITAL” prize for promoting this type of rural tourism with the biggest social and economical impact in the rural environment. The purposes of A.N.T.R.E.C. are as follows: to identify and promote the rural tourist potential; to organize professional training courses for hosts, rural tourism agencies through seminars, short and long term courses, experience exchange between A.N.T.R.E.C. and similar organizations from the country and abroad; to send information related to the rural tourism to the whole A.N.T.R.E.C. network and of the involved institutions directly or indirectly in promoting and developing rural tourism; to organize advertising campaigns for the classified and homologated units, included in the network, by the mass media. Its key functions are: Representation / Lobby; Marketing/ Promotion; Quality control / Standard products; Preparation / Training; Reservations / Information. A.N.T.R.E.C. appeared from the acute need to identify and promote the Romanian rural tourist potential. Considering the relatively small size of the business in the field it was obvious that the singular promotion efforts of the rural pension owners were insufficient and they couldn’t have had a significant impact. A.N.T.R.E.C. tried and succeeded in 11 years of existence to provide in the mass-media and on the Internet the visibility of the efforts and the activities of the rural tourist lodging owners, of the services that they provide, succeeding to attract a large number of Romanian and foreign tourists, eager to meet the Romanian village and its people. The association's activity, as a non-governmental organization, targets on one hand, to support its members, the lodging owners, and on the other hand to promote the rural tourism idea, of the Romanian village, as a tourist destination. (After www.antrec.ro)

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Glossary as follows = după cum urmează be awarded with … (v.) = a fi premiat cu … county branch = filială judeţeană develop (v.) = a elabora eager to = dornic/nerăbdător să experience exchange (v.) = a face schimb de experienţă from abroad = din străinătate in the field = în domeniu involved = implicat(ă) key function = funcţie cheie lodging owner = proprietar de locuinţă obvious = evident(ă) preserve (v.) = a conserva professional training course = cursuri de pregătire profesională promote (v.) = a promova provide (v.) = a furniza, a asigura rural environment = mediu rural succeed (v.) = a reuşi target (v.) = a ţinti the whole = întreg, întreagă

Exercises

1. Answer the following. - What is A.N.T.R.E.C.? - When was it founded and why? - What are its purposes? - What are its key functions? - What did it succeed? - What are its targets?

2. Right or wrong?

No. Statement Right Wrong

1 A.N.T.R.E.C. identifies and promotes rural tourist potential.

2 A.N.T.R.E.C. is an association that identifies European hospitality and rural tourism.

3 A.N.T.R.E.C. organizes advertising campaigns for the unclassified and homologated units.

4 A.N.T.R.E.C. was awarded the OSCAR

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3. Identify the terms and phrases related to “crafts”. An artisan, also called a craftsman, is a skilled manual worker who uses tools and machinery in a particular craft. Artisans were the dominant producers of goods before the Industrial Revolution. The term craftswoman is also used and a craftsman’s work exhibits craftsmanship. According to Classical economics theory, the division of labour occurs with internal market development (Adam Smith). However, according to economist John Hicks, merchants and artisans originated as servants to the rulers, which occurred much earlier. 4. Fill in with the prepositions below. beyond – by – from – of – to

Handicraft, also known as craftwork or simply craft, is a type … work where useful and decorative devices are made completely by hand or using only simple tools. Usually the term is applied … traditional means of making goods. The individual artisanship of the items is a paramount criterion; such items often have cultural and/or religious significance. Items made … mass production or machines are not handicrafts. Usually, what distinguishes the term handicraft … the frequently used category arts and crafts is a matter of intent: handcrafted items are intended to be used, worn, et cetera, having a purpose … simple decoration. Handicrafts are generally considered more traditional work, created as a necessary part of daily life, while arts and crafts implies more … a hobby pursuit and a demonstration/perfection of a creative technique. In practical terms, the categories have a great deal … overlap. 5. Match the following. 1. rural a. a postal address outside towns (RFD)

2. rural free delivery

b. a small road in the country, which is used by the US Post Office for delivering mail, as people who do not live on a rural route cannot have mail delivered directly to their houses

3. rural route c. of or like the countryside; concerning country or village life

6. Supply the adjective corresponding to the words underlined in the text below. A.N.T.R.E.C. remained true to its basic principles. It suggested laws and rules modifications according to the current tendencies of rural tourism, contributing to the development of the idea of rural tourism in Romania. Rural tourism supported the communities’ development, determining people to start a business, to make investments. In addition, as the statistics show, people of the

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21st century are looking more and more for a piece of nature to spend their vacation or the weekend. Luckily, in Romania, there are such blessed places: starting with the Delta and moving towards Bucovina and Transilvania. In addition, the quality - price ratio is excellent. Tourists are searching for places where they can afford good quality services. A.N.T.R.E.C. is a professional organization that succeeded to create an impact both nationally as well as internationally. Alongside the Ministry of Tourism, it launched various tourist programs, which proved to be extremely appreciated by tourists, bearing witness to the significance rural tourism has gained in Romania. 7. Supply the plural form of the nouns underlined in the text below. During the year 2004 - as a result of some courses sustained by an A.N.T.R.E.C. French expert, it began the thematic classification of the agritourism pensions, parallel with the classification made by the National Authority for Tourism. So, agritourism pensions will be classified according to the European model, in: - Family pensions - in which will be included those houses having at most 5

rooms - and group pensions – having more than 5 rooms; - Agritourism pensions - at these pensions, the owners have a small farm,

garden, and animals and offer the tourists natural, ecological products, from their own production or from other farms in the village;

- Appealing pensions / recommended pensions - are those pensions that provide the tourists something special, innovatory;

- Pensions for fishing / hunting / skiing / wineries. A.N.T.R.E.C. proved that there can be a good communication between a non-governmental organization and a government institution and that together they can develop interesting projects. 11 years ago, there were not many that knew about "rural tourism" and had little confidence in the future of the agritourism lodging. Today, the A.N.T.R.E.C. network consists of 3500 homologated and in course of homologating pensions, with more than 20.000 accommodations, some of them already answering the European standards. 8. Make a description of your dream agritourism facility. Do not forget to speak about the following: buildings, lands, events, etc. 9. Choose an area you like in Romania and design a leaflet promoting it for international tourists.

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Supplementary Reading: UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Romania

There are seven UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Romania: - Danube Delta (1991); - Churches of Modavia (1993); - Monastery of Horezu (1993); - Villages with fortified churches in Transylvania (1993, 1999); - Dacian Fortresses of the Orăştie Mountains (1999); - Historic Centre of Sighişoara (1999); - Wooden Churches of Maramureş (1999). The painted churches of northern Moldavia are seven Romanian Orthodox churches in Suceava County, Romania in northern Moldavia, built approximately between 1487 and 1532.

Name Village Built Church of the Beheading of St. John the Baptist Arbore 1503Church of the Assumption of the Virgin of the former Humor Monastery Humor 1530

The Church of the Annunciation of the Moldoviţa Monastery Moldoviţa 1532

Church of the Holy Rood of Pătrăuţi Pătrăuţi 1487Church of St. Nicholas and the Catholicon of the Probota Monastery Probota 1531

Church of St. George Suceava 1522Church of St George of the former Voroneţ Monastery Voroneţ 1487

The seven Transylvanian villages with fortified churches located in Southern Transylvania are organised around a fortified church:

Name County UNESCO's name of the asset

Biertan Sibiu County The site of Biertan with the fortified church and a part of the town.

Câlnic Alba County Câlnic. Dârjiu Harghita County Dârjiu.

Prejmer Braşov County Prejmer. Saschiz Mureş County Saschiz.

Valea Viilor Sibiu County Valea Viilor. Viscri Braşov County Viscri.

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