The Endowment Model - VPFF · Demystifying Alternative Investments Supply side, acting super smart...

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The Endowment Model Orkla Finans Thursday June 4th

Transcript of The Endowment Model - VPFF · Demystifying Alternative Investments Supply side, acting super smart...

Page 1: The Endowment Model - VPFF · Demystifying Alternative Investments Supply side, acting super smart and comes up with the solution that explains partly the extraordinary growth of

The Endowment Model

Orkla Finans Thursday June 4th

Page 2: The Endowment Model - VPFF · Demystifying Alternative Investments Supply side, acting super smart and comes up with the solution that explains partly the extraordinary growth of

8. juni 20092

Trash or Treasure?

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Trick or treat, knep eller knask Förtella en historia om Alternativa Investeringar Sortera lite bland begrepp og sammanhang Detta är inte sanningen men troligtvis viktiga delar av den.
Page 3: The Endowment Model - VPFF · Demystifying Alternative Investments Supply side, acting super smart and comes up with the solution that explains partly the extraordinary growth of

8. juni 20093

The Endowment Model =

Alternative Investments Why?

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Forklara varför endowment modellen kopplas samman med Alternative Investments New Asset Classes, Improves the frontier, fler riskpremier Tro på aktive forvaltning og absolute return strategies Both if succesful strong improvement in riskadjusted returns Pendeln skall illusterar fenomenet att vi alltid verkar att hamna i ytterliggheter, går från bara alternatives till inga alternatives eller går från book value accounting till market value accounting tillbaka till mer book accounting. Lagom är best! Detta gäller för alternativa investeringar också.
Page 4: The Endowment Model - VPFF · Demystifying Alternative Investments Supply side, acting super smart and comes up with the solution that explains partly the extraordinary growth of

8. juni 20094

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Det är detta vi skall pröva att göra under de närmaste 25 min. Stoppa upp lite, tänka lite, gräva lite och pröva att förklara och se efter vad som är drivarna, finns det någon logisk förklaring
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8. juni 20095

What is it?Alternative investment

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaAn alternative investment is an investment product other than traditional investments such as stocks, bonds or cash. This broad definition makes it impossible to list all alternative strategies, but the most important areas are real estate, private equity, venture capital, commodities, and hedged or absolute return strategies.

Wine, art and antiques, indeed any business of value, might also be considered as an alternative investment. One common theme to alternative investments is that they are often hoped to have modest correlations with traditional investments and so to increase the diversification of investor's….

Highly Subjective!

Demystifying Alternative Investments

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Allt annat än noterade aktier, obligationer och kontanter Av många definerad som en tillgångsklass…stock, bonds and alternatives Traditional “Whitebox” Alternatives “Black or Greybox” AI Can be anything Finance theory talk about the true “Market portfolio” inklusive Human Capital. Alternatives is an attempt in getting closer to the “Market Portfolio” Alternatives especially through Hedge Fund and Absolute return strategies also introduces leverage as an important component. Kejsarens nya Klader, kanske eller delvis
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8. juni 20096

AI is a mixed bag

New Asset Classes and/or Risk PremiumsReal Estate, Private Equity…

They differ in that they are not tradable (liquidity)They differ in regards to transparency

But also contains active management

Hedge funds and Absolute Return

= Beta & Alpha

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Alternatives innehåller alltså en blandning av Riskpremier, nya tillgångsklasser Aktiv förvaltning, hedgefunds and absolute return strategies Undantaget är väl commodities som räknat är likvida att investera i
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8. juni 20097

What is Alpha & Beta?

Univers

(Market)Inv. Univers

Inv. Univers

Univers

(Market)

Demystifying Alternative Investments

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Om Univers = Markandsportföljen Om vårt investeringsunivers = Universet (Benchmark), dvs ingen missmatch då kommer varje positionsavvik av en investor motsvaras av samma avvik hos en annan (motsat tecken) investor. Aktiv forvaltning är I denna modellen ett noll summespel. Om vårt investeringsunivers är större än vår marknadsportfölj, univers (benchmark) så kan vi erhålla systematiska tilt mot risk premier, detta ger utslag som avvik och aktiv risk I detta fallet kan den “aktiva risken” innebära meravakstning för samtliga över tid, dvs inte ett nollsummespel Spörsmålet är då om detta är aktiv förvaltning eller bara en omdefinering av marknadsportföljen. Det finns en står gråsson mellan vad gäller aktive forvaltning. När blir en alpha tilt att anse som en Beta tilt, 1 år, 3år 5 år? Alpha kommer I två former En ren form Och en kvasi form blandning av (Alpha og Beta)
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8. juni 20098

β αTraditional

Alternatives

Total Return Relative Return/abs ret

Alternative investments, summary

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Då har vi alltså Beta marknadsexponering fördelat på traditionella och alternativa – totalavkastnming Alpha aktiv forvaltning/avik innanför traditionella och alternativa Alternativa Investeringar har inget med Shadow Banking att göra
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8. juni 20099

Demystifying Alternative Investments

Why? Where did it come from?Financial Theory and evolution of marketsNew Asset Classes means an improved efficient frontier

And…..We want and desperately need return

Breakdown of the equity bond correlation−

Asset liability mismatch−

LDI Liability driven investment

Compressed risk premiums−

Leverage

Can’t take downside risk−

Absolute Return

But we lack guidelines to pursue these alternatives

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Ett försök att komma närmare den optimala marknadsportföljen (Den innehäller alla aktiva inklusive Human Capital etc, full ständigt global) Detta ligger förankrat i teorin The breakdown, vi skall se närmare på den, skapade ett enormt hål och behov för en lösning, detta gäller pensionbolag men lika aktuellt för den enskilda individen Detta var detta sammanbrotted som gjorde att vi bli underskott I deckningen av våre forpliktelser- Vi tränger avkastning!!!!! Detta sammanbrottet startade en hel våg av nya investerings losningar LDI, inget annat än immunisering Pratas inte så mycket om detta idag pga motpartsrisk och funding kostnad I krisen Low interest rate policy and bond yields och små riskpremier skapade behov för så kallade avkastningsforbättrade åtgärder nämligen “leverage”
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Demystifying Alternative Investments

Supply side, acting super smart and comes up with the solution that explains partly the extraordinary growth of the financial service sector

Let’s call it an asset classLet’s call it an asset class

Too much money chasing too few goodsToo much money chasing too few goods

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Because with aboard decision that Alternatives is an asset class we can do what we before was prohbited from. Why did the allocation turn out to be so big and significant Optimiser and corner solution, illustrate
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Correlation Equity/Bonds

-0,80

-0,60

-0,40

-0,20

0,00

0,20

0,40

0,60

0,80

1,00

des.

77

des.

79

des.

81

des.

83

des.

85

des.

87

des.

89

des.

91

des.

93

des.

95

des.

97

des.

99

des.

01

des.

03

des.

05

des.

07

Assets Liabilities LiabilitiesAssets

The breakdown of equity/bond correlation

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Det vanliga är att dessa har en positiv samvarerkan vilket gör att de I normala fall reducerar utfallen av verdiändringar Detta är viktigt för när denna går negativ så betyder det att tex att när vi tappar på tillgångssidan så ökar samtidigt våra förpliktelser, vi träffas från båda sidor. Skaper ett enormt behov till avkastning
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*

* *

* *

Return

Risk

Asset Classes

1

*

Asset Classes•Equity

•Bonds

•Emerging

•High Yield

•Real Estate

•Private Equity

•Hedge Funds

Investor forced to chose portfolio far to the rightInvestor forced to chose

portfolio far to the right

Concentrated portfolios into alternativesConcentrated portfolios

into alternatives

Why did the allocation get so big?

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Pendeln, to much Man utgår ifrån att marknaden kan leverera avkastning och löser sedan för den avkastning man tränger Man bör heller utgå ifrån vad markanden kan leverera och sedan ta sitt inv beslut
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Hedge Fund Industry $BSource: Barclay Hedge Databas

$0,00

$500,00

$1 000,00

$1 500,00

$2 000,00

$2 500,00

Dec-97

Dec-98

Dec-99

Dec-00

Dec-01

Dec-02

Dec-03

Dec-04

Dec-05

Dec-06

Dec-07

Dec-08

1stQtr

2009

PE $ bnSource Prequin

$0,00

$500,00

$1 000,00

$1 500,00

$2 000,00

$2 500,00

$3 000,00

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Growth of AUM

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Enormt infløde av av medel “ The holy Grail” Gäller allt innanför Alternativa Samma vad gäller Eiendom, Indfra struktur – har inte tagit med data därifrån Värt att noter PE deras tillgå¨ngar minskar ej har de något att göra med Inlåsning Kommitertat kapital “Stale Pricing” Detta ger troligtvis en enorm utjämningseffekt.
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Principal-Agent & incentives

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Citigroup’s chief executive, Charles O. Prince

Citigroup’s chief executive, Charles O. Prince

“As long as the music is playing, you’ve got to get up and dance,” he told The Financial Times on Monday (10. July 2007), adding, “We’re still dancing.”

“As long as the music is playing, you’ve got to get up and dance,” he told The Financial Times on Monday (10. July 2007), adding, “We’re still dancing.”

Principal-Agent & Incentives

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Hedge fund as an asset class

Ex Long/Short Equities

It is not an asset class it’s Equities!It is not an asset class it’s Equities!

It is an active investment strategyIt is an active investment strategy

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8. juni 200917

Investment Guidelines & Constraints How important is it?

A study showed that given an ability to forcast you can lose as much as 40% - 70% of estimated excess return.

Article: ”Portfolio Constraints and the Fundamental Law of Active Management” by Clarke, de Silva & Thorley, Financial Analyst Journal 2002

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Det spelar en väldigt stor roll för att skapa bättre riskjusterad avkastning Det finns en förankring, teoretisk mm, man kan till och med räkna på vad det kostar. Men som med allting ökade frihetsgrader kan också skapa större skada om den hamnar i fel händer Det är här investorskydd, MIFID, begränsnngar kommer in. Balansgången är avvägningen dem imellan
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.

Risk

Two different decisions

Should be dealt with separately

- Improves the efficient frontier, new asset classes, Beta

- Contains active management, Alpha est(@) =0

Trash or Treasure?

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Here to stay But with the right allocation Not ment for everyone Hedgefund strategies If you belive in active management don’t make it more difficult. You need to able to amximize your skill to avoid hazordious risk taking
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What about Yale & and other endowments

They are down, allocation into alternatives is/was 50-60%Liquidity and funding problems. H & Y support 35-44 % of university’s budgetTo early to question a model that have delivered excellent return over the past 10-20 yearsMost likely outcome is a reduced allocationSome other constraints/actions are possible

Presenter
Presentation Notes
Model here to stay “strong theoretical” foundation But will be adjusted