The Endocrine The Endocrine SystemSystem

►The Endocrine The Endocrine System are the System are the glands that secrete glands that secrete hormones into the hormones into the bloodstreambloodstream

Endocrine SystemEndocrine System

►One of the body’s two One of the body’s two communication systemscommunication systems Nervous and endocrineNervous and endocrine

►A set of glands that produce A set of glands that produce hormones-- chemical messengers hormones-- chemical messengers that circulate in the bloodthat circulate in the blood

HormoneHormone

►Chemical messengers produced by Chemical messengers produced by the endocrine glands and circulated the endocrine glands and circulated in the bloodin the blood

►Similar to neurotransmitters in that Similar to neurotransmitters in that they are also messengers they are also messengers

►Slower communication system, but Slower communication system, but with longer lasting effectswith longer lasting effects

Endocrine SystemEndocrine System

HypothalamusHypothalamus

►Brain region that controls Brain region that controls the pituitary glandthe pituitary gland►Controls homeostasis – Controls homeostasis – the bodies ability to the bodies ability to remain at a status quo remain at a status quo levellevel

Pituitary GlandPituitary Gland

►The endocrine system’s gland The endocrine system’s gland that controls the other endocrine that controls the other endocrine glandsglands

►Called the “master gland”Called the “master gland”►Located at the base of the brain Located at the base of the brain

and connects to the and connects to the hypothalamushypothalamus

Pituitary GlandPituitary Gland►Controls thirst by Controls thirst by

controlling the controlling the amount of water in amount of water in the body’s cellsthe body’s cells

►Controls female Controls female contractions, and contractions, and tells the mammary tells the mammary glands to produce glands to produce milk for newbornsmilk for newborns

Pituitary GlandPituitary Gland

►May control grooming May control grooming habits, companionship, and habits, companionship, and sexual behaviorsexual behavior

►Controls the flow of the Controls the flow of the human growth hormones – human growth hormones – dwarfism and gigantismdwarfism and gigantism

Pineal GlandPineal Gland►Responsible for the hormone Responsible for the hormone

“Melatonin”“Melatonin”►Increased levels of Melatonin Increased levels of Melatonin

cause behaviors associated cause behaviors associated with sleepwith sleep

►Decreased levels of Decreased levels of Melatonin cause behaviors Melatonin cause behaviors associated with wakefulnessassociated with wakefulness

Thyroid GlandThyroid Gland

►Endocrine gland that helps regulate the Endocrine gland that helps regulate the energy level in the bodyenergy level in the body

►Located in the neckLocated in the neck

Endocrine SystemEndocrine System

Thyroid GlandThyroid Gland

►controls body temperature controls body temperature ►Controls metabolism – our body’s Controls metabolism – our body’s

ability to transform the food we ability to transform the food we eat into usable energyeat into usable energy

►Overactive? Behaviors may Overactive? Behaviors may include excitability, insomnia, include excitability, insomnia, ADD, agitation, difficulty focusingADD, agitation, difficulty focusing

►Reduced Activity? Behaviors may Reduced Activity? Behaviors may include sleepiness, reduced include sleepiness, reduced muscle tone, overweightmuscle tone, overweight

Adrenal GlandAdrenal Gland

►Endocrine glands that help to Endocrine glands that help to arouse the body in times of stressarouse the body in times of stress

►Located just above the kidneysLocated just above the kidneys►Release epinephrine (adrenaline) Release epinephrine (adrenaline)

and norepinephrine (noradrenalineand norepinephrine (noradrenaline))

Endocrine SystemEndocrine System

Adrenal GlandsAdrenal Glands

►Increase heart rate, blood Increase heart rate, blood pressure, and blood sugarpressure, and blood sugar

Pancreatic GlandPancreatic Gland

►Regulates the level of blood sugar Regulates the level of blood sugar (insulin) in the blood(insulin) in the blood

Endocrine SystemEndocrine System

PancreasPancreas

►Insulin is needed in the body to Insulin is needed in the body to break down sugars in the bodybreak down sugars in the body

►Too much insulin in the body Too much insulin in the body devours all of the sugar in the devours all of the sugar in the blood. Behaviors exhibited blood. Behaviors exhibited include sluggishness and include sluggishness and inattentiveness.inattentiveness.

►Too little insulin causes a Too little insulin causes a buildup of sugar in the blood buildup of sugar in the blood and makes the kidneys use a lot and makes the kidneys use a lot more water to flush it out of the more water to flush it out of the body. The extra water needed body. The extra water needed to flush the sugar comes from to flush the sugar comes from surrounding cells, which in turn surrounding cells, which in turn dehydrates them and leaves dehydrates them and leaves them vulnerable to infection them vulnerable to infection and poisons.and poisons.

Sex GlandsSex Glands

►Ovaries (females) and testes (males) are Ovaries (females) and testes (males) are the glands that influence emotion and the glands that influence emotion and physical development.physical development.

►Testosterone – primary males hormoneTestosterone – primary males hormone►Estrogen – primary female hormoneEstrogen – primary female hormone►Males and females have both estrogen Males and females have both estrogen

and testosterone in their systems.and testosterone in their systems.

Endocrine SystemEndocrine System

GonadsGonads

►Testicles – release androgens Testicles – release androgens (male hormones)(male hormones)

►Ovaries – release estrogens Ovaries – release estrogens (female hormones)(female hormones)

►The presence of these chemicals The presence of these chemicals influence male and female influence male and female reproductive characteristicsreproductive characteristics..