The Endocrine System. Consists of: –Glands: Tissue that secretes hormones –Hormones: Chemicals...
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Transcript of The Endocrine System. Consists of: –Glands: Tissue that secretes hormones –Hormones: Chemicals...
The Endocrine System
The Endocrine System
• Consists of:– Glands: Tissue that secretes hormones– Hormones: Chemicals that are produced in
one area and are sent to a specifically targeted area
Thyroid &Parathyroid Glands
Adrenal Glands
OvariesTestes
Pancreas
Hypothalamus,Pituitary Gland& Pineal Gland
Thymus Gland
What does the endocrine system do?
1. Regulate processes i.e. growth, development, reproduction
2. Coordinate production, use, storage of ATP (energy)
3. Maintain homeostasis- nutrition, metabolism, excretion, salt/water balance
4. React to stimuli from outside body
5. Send chemical messages to cells (specific target on cell’s membrane)
How do hormones work within the body?
• Positive Feedback• Increase desired
response• Increase in hormone
1 an increase in hormone 2
• Negative Feedback• Reduce desired
response• Increase in hormone
1 decrease in hormone 2
•Feedback mechanisms- body’s response to hormones
How do hormones work at the cellular level?
1. Gland releases hormone into the blood
2. Receptor in target cell recognizes hormone
3. Proteins in between and activates enzymes
4. Secondary messengers
5. Enters nucleus
Malfunctions
• Hyper- positive feedback more hormone than normal produced
• Hypo- negative feedback less hormone than normal being produced
Malfunctions
• Goiter– Enlargement of thyroid
gland– Iodine deficiency
• Diabetes– Islets of Langerhans-
region of pancreas that contains insulin- producing cells (beta cells)
– These cells are destroyed reduction in insulin higher glucose levels in blood
Malfunctions
• Hypothyroidism– Less thyroid hormone produced by thyroid
• Fatigue• Depression• Weight gain/Water retention
• Hyperthyroidism– More thyroid hormone produced by thyroid
• Weight loss• Loss of hair• Eyes bulge• Fatigue• Tremor