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The Endocrine System
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Transcript of The Endocrine System
Mr. MahLiving Environment
Lecture 8
The Endocrine System
SWBAT: Identify the general function and
major organs of the endocrine
system.
The Endocrine Systemmade up of glands that release their products (hormones) into the bloodstream so “messages” can be delivered throughout the body
Gland = an organ that produces and releases a substance
Hormones affect other endocrine glands or body systems
Major PartsPituitaryHypothalamus
ThyroidParathyroidAdrenalPancreasReproductive
Pituitary GlandPituitary gland: a small
gland located on a stalk hanging from the base of the brain - AKA
“The Master Gland” Primary function is to control other
glands.Produces many hormones.Secretion is controlled by the
hypothalamus in the base of the brain.
GigantismTallest Man in History
Robert Wadlow8 Foot 11 Inches
Weighed 490 lbs
Died at the age of 22.
Gigantism AKA Acromegaly
Pituitary Disorderproduces excess Human Growth Hormone
Very hard to detectCan result in:
Severe disfigurement of face and joints
Premature death
Yao Ming?Yao is 7 feet 6
inches tallEarl Boykins is the
shortest basketball player in the NBA at 5 feet 6 inches.
Gigantism or Acromegaly?NOPE! Yao is just born from pure genetics. His parents were 6’10 (dad) and 6’3 (mom)
HypothalamusPart of brain and pituitary glandCONTROLS PITUITARY SECRETIONS
Hypothalamus releases hormones into blood pituitary controls production and release of other hormones
Thyroid GlandAt base of neck wrapped around
the upper tracheaMAJOR ROLE: regulation of metabolism
Produces Thyroxin – Hormone that affects your metabolism
Hyperthyroidism: too much thyroxin nervousness, increased body temp and metabolism rate, increased blood pressure, weight loss
Hypothyroidism- too little thyroxin opposite effects
Parathyroid Glandssmall, pea-shaped glands,
located in the neck near the thyroid
Usually 4 - number can varyregulate the level of calcium in the body
Pancreasa key gland located near the duodenum
secretes several key digestive enzymesinsulin stimulates liver and muscle cells to remove glucose from blood and store as glycogen or fat
include 2 types of cells:alpha ( )beta ()
each secretes an important hormone.
Cell Types in the Pancreas
Alpha () cells release glucagon, increasing blood glucose levels.
Beta Cells () release insulinInsulin the rate at which various body cells take up glucose. Thus, insulin lowers the blood glucose level.
Insulin is rapidly broken down by the liver and must be secreted constantly.
Diabetes mellitusPancreas fails to produce or
properly use insulinToo much glucose can lead to cell
damageType I – autoimmune disorder –
usually under age 15, produce little or no insulin so must inject insulin daily
Type II –usually older than 40, low to normal insulin production but insulin/receptor interaction is inefficient – treat with diet, exercise, pills or insulin injections
Adrenal Gland2 small glands that sit atop both kidneys. Each has 2 parts, each with different
functions.Adrenal Cortex (80% of the gland) – secretes 24 different hormones
Adrenal Medulla secretes the hormones norepinephrine and epinephrine (Adrenaline)
Adrenal Gland ContinuedAdrenal Medulla
Hormone release controlled by nervous system
Prepares body for energy–intensive activities
Ex: Epinephrine – “fight or flight response”Both increase heart rate, blood pressure and blood flow to muscles, opens air passageways wider, releases extra glucose general increase in body activities
Reproductive GlandsAlso called gonads: ovaries,
testes2 Main functions = produce gametes and
secrete sex hormonesOvary hormones:
-Estrogen: development of egg and female characteristics
-Progesterone : prepares uterus for arrival of developing embryo
Testes hormone:-Testosterone: required for
normal sperm production and development of male characteristics
Gonads and Ovaries:Female ovaries produce eggsMale gonads produce sperm
Estrogen and Progesterone have several functions, including sexual development and preparation of the uterus for the egg.
Testes:Located in the scrotumProduce sperm for reproductionMake testosterone -
Promotes male growth and masculinization