The Endocrine System
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Transcript of The Endocrine System
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THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
By: Kasey Carns & Amberly Anderson
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Major Glands/Organs
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HypothalamusRoles/Functions:
• The portion of the brain that maintains the body's internal balance (homeostasis)
• The hypothalamus is the link between the endocrine and nervous system.
• Produces releasing and inhibiting hormones, which stop and start the production of other hormones throughout the body.
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Pituitary (the master gland)
Roles/Functions:
• Help regulate the functions of other endocrine glands.
• The hypothalamus sends signals to the pituitary to release or inhibit pituitary hormone production.
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Pineal Gland
Roles/Functions:
• Produces melatonin, which helps maintain circadian rhythm and regulate reproductive hormones.
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ThyroidRoles/Functions:
• Regulates your metabolism, which is your body's ability to break down food and convert it to energy.
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AdrenalRoles/Functions:
• The adrenal cortex (outer part): Produces hormones that are vital to life, such as cortisol (which helps regulate metabolism and helps your body respond to stress) and aldosterone (which helps control blood pressure)
• The Adrenal Medulla (inner part): Produces non-essential hormones, such as adrenaline (helps you react to stress).
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PancreasRoles/Functions:
• Maintains the body’s blood glucose balance.
• Primary hormones of the pancreas include insulin and glucagon.
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Thymus glandRoles/Functions:
• Thymosin is the hormone of the thymus, and it stimulates the development of disease-fighting T cells.
• Located behind your sternum and between your lungs but is only active until puberty.
• After puberty the thymus gland starts to slowly shrink and become replaced by fat.
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Female Gonads (Ovaries)
Roles/Functions:• Maintains the health
of the female reproductive system.
• They secrete two main hormones: estrogen and progesterone, which are vital to normal reproductive development and fertility.
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Male Gonads (Testes)Roles/Functions:
• Secrete testosterone, which is necessary for proper physical development in boys.
• In adulthood, testosterone maintains muscle strength and bone density.
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Positive vs. Negative Feedback
Negative feedback controls the rate of a process to avoid accumulation of a product. The rate of a process will continuously accelerate under positive feedback as long as substrate is available.
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Negative FeedbackStimulus response chain: Destabilizing stimulus is sensed. Hormone secretion is triggered. Hormone activity lowers to bring process back to pre-
stimulus state.
Example:When blood calcium level drops, parathyroid glands sense that and secrete hormones that cause release of calcium from bone. Blood calcium levels return to normal, secretion stops.
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Positive Feedback
In childbirth, stretching of uterus brings out production of hormones that stimulate contraction of uterine muscles; this leads to more stretching of uterus, more hormone secretion, more muscle contractions; loop is broken upon birth of a baby.