THE END OF WWII

DAY 9

TODAY’S OBJECTIVESOIDENTIFY EVENTS IN THE WAR IN EUROPE.

ODESCRIBE THE ALLIED OFFENSIVE IN AND THE LIBERATION OF EUROPE.

OEXPLAIN THE DEVELOPMENT AND THE USE OF THE ATOMIC BOMB.

ODESCRIBE THE ALLIED OFFENSIVE IN THE PACIFIC AGAINST JAPAN.

FREE FRANCE!!OJULY 25, 1944: UNDER GENERAL PATTON, ALLIES BREAK GERMAN LINE

OAUGUST 25, 1944: ENTER PARIS

LIBERATION OF PARISOWITHIN A MONTH… 1

MILLION TROOPS, 567,000 TONS OF SUPPLIES, 170,000 VEHICLES HAD BEEN TRANSPORTED TO FRANCE

OAUGUST 23 – PATTON REACHES SEINE RIVER

O2 DAYS LATER: FRENCH RESISTANCE LIBERATES THE CAPITAL – PARIS

OPARISIANS CELEBRATED AFTER 3 YEARS OF OCCUPATION

OPERATION MARKET GARDENO SEPTEMBER 1944: AIRBORNE

DIVISIONS WERE DROPPED ON HOLLAND

O GOAL: CAPTURE BRIDGES CROSSING THE RHINE RIVER INTO GERMANY

O HOLLAND HAD BEEN OCCUPIED FOR 4 YEARS

O ALLIED FORCES MET STRONG RESISTANCE SOUTH OF THE TOWN OF ARNHEM

O AFTER THE LIBERATION OF HOLLAND, ALLIED SOLDIERS LIBERATED BELGIUM

CELEBRATIONS!

BATTLE OF THE BULGEO OCT. 1944: ALLIES HAD PUSHED INTO

GERMANYO HITLER RESPONDS W/ GREAT “LAST

STAND” OFFENSIVEO ORDERS TROOPS TO BREAK

THROUGH ALLIED LINES AND RECAPTURE BELGIUM PORT OF ANTWERP

O DEC. 16, 1944: 8 GERMAN TANK DIVISIONS BREAK THROUGH AMERICAN FRONTO HITLER’S HOPE WAS TO BREAK

SUPPLY LINESO TANKS DROVE 60 MILES INTO ALLIED

LINESO CREATED A BULGE IN THE LINESO GAVE THE GREAT BATTLE ITS NAMEO MIDDLE OF THE ARDENNES

FORESTO ALLIED SUPPLY LINES WERE

STRAINED, NOT CUTO EARLY 1945: ALLIES WERE ABLE TO

PUSH THE OFFENSIVE BACK AND INTO GERMANY

BATTLE OF THE BULGE

BATTLE OF THE BULGE

BATTLE OF BASTOGNEODEC. 1944: SMALLER SIEGE OF BELGIUM

TOWN DURING THE BATTLE OF THE BULGE

OALL 5 MAIN ROADS OF THE FOREST CONVERGED ON THE TOWN OF BASTOGNE

OMADE THE CITY IMPORTANCE FOR BOTH THE NAZIS AND THE ALLIES – SUPPLIES

LIBERATION OF THE CONCENTRATION CAMPS

O BRITISH AND AMERICAN TROOPS PRESSED INTO GERMANY FROM THE WEST AND SOUTHO SOVIET TROOPS PRESSED IN FROM THE EAST

O TROOPS BEGAN COMING ACROSS CAMPSO FIRST: JULY 1944 - SOVIETS

YALTA CONFERENCEO FEBRUARY 1945: FDR, CHURCHILL AND

STALIN MEET IN YALTA (UKRAINE)O CALLED THE “BIG THREE”

O DISCUSSED THE FATE OF GERMANY AFTER THE WAR

O STALIN: HARSH PUNISHMENTO DIVIDE GERMANY INTO ZONES OF

OCCUPATIONO CHURCHILL DISAGREED; FDR ACTS AS

MEDIATORO FDR WANTS STALIN TO JOIN WAR AGAINST

JAPANO ALSO WANTED SUPPORT FOR A NEW

WORLD PEACE ORGANIZATION – UNITED NATIONS

O RESULTS: CHURCHILL AGREES TO SEPARATE GERMANYO 4 ZONES: BRITISH, AMERICAN, FRENCH,

SOVIETO STALIN AGREES TO “FREE” ELECTIONS IN

POLAND; ALSO JOINS WAR AGAINST JAPAN

THE BIG THREE

CHURCHILL

FDR

STALIN

DEATH OF FDR

OAPRIL 12, 1945: FDR DIESOWHILE POSING FOR

A PORTRAIT, THE PRESIDENT SUFFERS A STROKE

ODOES NOT LIVE TO SEE V-E DAY

OVICE PRESIDENT, HARRY S. TRUMAN (MISSOURI) BECOMES COMMANDER-IN-CHIEF

GERMANY SURRENDERS!!O APRIL 25, 1945: SOVIET ARMY

PUSHES INTO BERLIN (GERMAN CAPITAL)O LINKED ALLIED AND SOVIET

TROOPS TOGETHERO APRIL 30: HITLER REALIZES

THE WAR IS LOSTO COMMITS SUICIDE IN HIS

BUNKER AS THE BATTLE OF BERLIN RAGES ABOVE HIM

O ALSO W/ HIM: MISTRESS EVA BRAUN

O AFTER THE SURRENDER OF BERLIN, GERMAN FORCES ALL OVER EUROPE BEGIN TO SURRENDER

O MAY 7, 1945: GERMANY SURRENDERS

O MAY 8, 1945: NEWS OF SURRENDER REACHES THE WEST AND CELEBRATIONS OF “V-E DAY” BEGIN

HITLER AND EVA BRAUN

CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITYOALLIED ARMIES

DISCOVER EVIDENCE OF THE HOLOCAUSTO 12 MILLION PEOPLE

DIED IN THE CAMPS

ONUREMBERG TRIALS: PROSECUTION OF SURVIVING 24 NAZI LEADERSO HELD IN THE GERMAN

TOWN OF NUREMBERG

O12 OF 24 WERE SENTENCED TO DEATH; REMAINING WERE SENT TO PRISON

“I WAS ONLY FOLLOWING ORDERS.”

IWO JIMA AND OKINAWA

O VICTORIES PAVED THE ROAD FOR THE INVASION OF JAPAN O #1 GOAL AT THE BEGINNING OF THE WAR W/

JAPANO ALLIED LEADERS (INCLUDING TRUMAN) KNEW IT

WOULD BE A STRUGGLEO JAPAN HAD SHOWN HOW IT WAS GOING TO

DEFEND ITS COUNTRY – STILL HAD A HUGE ARMYO TRUMAN SAW ONLY ONE WAY TO AVOID AN

INVASION – DECIDED TO USE A NEW, POWERFUL WEAPON

THE MANHATTAN PROJECT

O LED BY GENERAL LESLIE GROVESO RESEARCH DIRECTED BY SCIENTIST J.

ROBERT OPPENHEIMERO CONSIDERED THE BEST KEPT SECRET OF

AMERICAN HISTORYO PEAK: 600,000 PPL EMPLOYED (5 KNEW

THE PURPOSE) O TRUMAN DIDN’T KNOW UNTIL AFTER

FDR’S DEATHO BEGAN W/ ALBERT EINSTEIN INFORMING

THE US ABOUT GERMANY’S INTENT TO DEVELOP ENRICHED URANIUM – “BUILD A BOMB”

                           

TRINITY TESTO DISCOVERY OF NUCLEAR FISSION AND

PLUTONIUMO IT WAS ONLY A MATTER OF TIME

BEFORE A BOMB WAS BUILT O NO ONE KNEW IF IT WOULD WORK!!

O JULY 16, 1945: FIRST NUCLEAR BOMB IS SET OFF O DESERT SOUTH OF ALAMOGORDO,

NMO NICKNAMED THE “GADGET”O CRATER: 10 FEET DEEP AND

1,110 FEET WIDEO “MUSHROOM CLOUD” WAS CREATEDO FELT 180 MILES AWAYhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ru2PWmGIoB8

TRINITY TEST

"Now I have become Death, the destroyer of worlds."

TRUMAN’S DECISION

OPRESIDENT TRUMAN MUST MAKE THE CHOICEOEND THE WAR WITH THE BOMB OR

INVADE AND FIGHT A BLOODY BATTLE IN JAPAN

O JULY 25, 1945: TRUMAN GAVE THE ORDER TO DROP 2 BOMBS ON JAPANESE MILITARY TARGETSOGAVE JAPAN A FINAL WARNING TO

SURRENDER OR FACE “PROMPT AND UTTER DESTRUCTION”

OWITHIN THE NEXT MONTH, TWO A-BOMBS WOULD BE DROPPED ON JAPANESE CITIES

USS INDIANAPOLIS AND TRANSPORT

O JULY 26: SHIP DELIVERS CRITICAL PARTS FOR THE FIRST ATOMIC BOMB TO BE USED ON JAPANO PHILIPPINES

O JULY 30: ATTACKED BY A JAP SUBMARINEO SINKS IN SHARK INFESTED

WATERSO SECRETIVE: SURVIVORS FLOAT IN

WATER FOR 4 DAYS BEFORE BEING RESCUED

O LAST VESSEL TO BE SUNK BY ENEMY IN WWIIO NEVER BEEN FOUND

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u9S41Kplsbs

HIROSHIMAO MILITARY CENTER – POP.

300,000O PRODUCTION OF

CHEMICAL WEAPONSO ONLY CITY W/O POWS

O AUGUST 6TH : B-29 BOMBER ENOLA GAY TAKES OFF (EARLY MORNING) – PILOT: COL. PAUL TIBBETSO CARRYING A-BOMB,

“LITTLE BOY” - 9,700 POUNDS

O PRIMARY TARGET: HIROSHIMA

O EXPLODED AT 8:15 AMO 200,000 DIEO JAPAN DID NOT SURRENDER!

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t19kvUiHvAE

BEFORE AND AFTER

“LITTLE BOY”

MUSHROOM CLOUD

HIROSHIMA

HIROSHIMA VICTIMS

NAGASAKIO TRUMAN DID NOT RECEIVE THE

SURRENDER OF JAPAN AFTER THE HIROSHIMA BOMBINGS

O NAGASAKI: LARGEST SEA PORT IN SOUTHERN JAPANO GREAT INDUSTRIAL IMPORTANCE

(SHIPPING)O OLDER, MORE TRADITIONAL

JAPANESE INFRASTRUCTUREO AUGUST 9TH, 1945: B-29 BOMBER,

BOCKSCAR DROPPED “FAT MAN” ON NAGASAKI

O 80,000 WOULD EVENTUALLY DIE FROM THE BOMBING (SOME FROM RADIATION POISONING)

O AUGUST 10TH: DISCUSSION BEGAN OF THE NEXT BOMBhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ncq_Wye43TM

NAGASAKI

NAGASAKI

NAGASAKI VICTIMS

IMPORTANCE OF BOMBINGS

OJAPAN WAS FORCED TO SURRENDER

OSOVIET UNION WAS FORCED TO TAKE NOTE OF US POWER

OBEGINS THE “ARMS RACE” W/ SOVIETS

OPREFACE TO THE COLD WAR

SURRENDER OF JAPANOEmperor Hirohito order

“control of the situation”OSoviet Union had

declared war (broke non-aggression pact)

O“I cannot bear to see my people suffer any longer.”

OAugust 14th: announcement of surrenderO“V-J Day”

OVictory over Japan

USS MISSOURI

OSEPT 2ND: FORMAL CEREMONIES OF JAPANESE SURRENDER TAKE PLACE

OU.S. BATTLESHIP, USS MISSOURIOTOKYO BAY

O“TODAY THE GUNS ARE SILENT.” MACARTHUR

Macarthur’s Speech

USS Missouri

REBUILDING BEGINS

OYalta Conference:O Formation of United

Nations

OOccupation of Japan:O Under General Douglas

MacarthurO Tojo (Prime Minister)

sentenced to deathO Transformed Japan’s govt.

and economyO Women’s suffrage, and other

basic freedoms

O Constitution is still called, “Macarthur Constitution”

UNITED NATIONSOAPRIL 25TH: 50 NATIONS MEET IN SAN

FRANCISCO, CA TO ESTABLISH A NEW PEACEKEEPING BODY

O JUNE 26TH: DELEGATES SIGNED CHARTER THAT ESTABLISHED THE UN

OWILL BECOME AN ARENA FOR THE US AND THE SOVIET UNION TO USE AS A FORUM TO SPREAD THEIR INFLUENCE OVER THE WORLD!!

UNITED NATIONS HEADQUARTERS

THE END OF WORLD WAR II