The End of the Civil WarReconstruction and Reunification

Learning Target: I can explain the post war challenges facing the nation.

Set Questions:1. What does the word emancipate mean?

2. How was the South’s economy and infrastructure affected

by the war?

3. What side did African Americans troops fight in large

numbers for?

4. After the First Battle of Bull Run both sides realized what?

5. Who is remembered for his march to the sea?

6. Due to the Civil War did the Confederate States gain

independence?

The War Ends• Lee surrenders to Grant• Appomattox Court House – 4/29/1865

“The war is over, the rebels are our countrymen again.” -Ulysses S Grant

To Continue?????• Some Southern leaders want to continue the war• Lee decided against this

• Why did the South lose:• Factories• Manpower• Railroads

The War’s Toll• Around 620,000 Americans died• 260,000 Confederacy• 360,000 Union• 37,000 African Americans

Question

• How could the North have won if it suffered so many more casualties?• Higher Population• Immigration

The War’s Toll• The South was DEVASTATED• Factories and Cities were burned• Railroad tracks and farms were destroyed• Working age men were killed or wounded

Lincoln’s Plan

• Lincoln wanted a “Soft Policy” towards the South• Wants to win over Southerners and their leaders

• Ten Percent Plan• As soon as 10% of the State’s voters swore an oath of

loyalty to the Federal Government that state could again send representatives to congress

Lincoln’s Assassination

• Assassinated April 14, 1865 at Ford’s Theatre in Washington D.C. by

• John Wilkes Booth

The Freedmen’s Bureau• Created by Congress in 1865• Help emergency relief for freed slaves• Education• Housing• Jobs

The Thirteenth Amendment• Approved January 1865• Bans both slavery and all kinds of forced labor• Throughout the ENTIRE nation

• Question: What is the difference between the 13th amendment and the Emancipation Proclamation?

• 13th Amendment ends slavery everywhere in the country• Emancipation Proclamation ends slavery only in the

rebelling states

The Fourteenth Amendment• Granted Citizenship to ALL people born or naturalized in

the United States

• Why did I capitalize ALL?• This now includes African Americans.

• What states would try to take citizenship rights away and from whom?• The South was trying to stop African Americans from

becoming citizens.

The Fifteenth Amendment

• Prohibits all states from denying voting rights on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

• Why would southern states try to block African Americans from voting?• They did not want the African American voters from

electing officials that would help them.

Problems in the South• Even after the 13th and 14th amendment racial discrimination

persisted• Segregation in public places and schools

Segregation

Segregation

The Klu Klux Klan• The KKK and other radical groups start up in the South • Many Southern whites are appalled at now being “equal” to

African Americans in the eyes of the law.• These groups tried to intimidate African Americans from

voting and taking an active role in public life.

The Civil Rights Movement

• Start in the 1950’s by prominent African American social leaders.

• Civil Disobedience• Marches• Sit Ins• Rosa Parks

Martin Luther King Jr.

Sit Ins

Marches

Separate but Equal? – Little Rock 9

Integration