08.31.2012, PRESENTATION, Financing Infrastructure in Mongolia, Development Bank of Mongolia
The Enabling Environment for Social Accountability in Mongolia
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Transcript of The Enabling Environment for Social Accountability in Mongolia
The Enabling Environment forSocial Accountability in Mongolia
Healthy Society Demonstration, April 2005
Purpose of the Study
* Analyze Factors Influencing Social Accountability (SAc)
* Identify Priority Areas for Reforms
* Identify Areas of Capacity Building
With the Overall Goal of Enhancing Good Governance
ARVIN Analytical Framework
Assess Enabling Environment for:
Association
Resources
Voice
Information
Negotiation
Mongolian Country Context
Rapid Economic & Political Transition but… Corruption in Key Sectors
Decentralization and Deconcentration but… Lack of Downward Accountability Centralization of Fiscal Management
Mongolian Country Context
Socialist Legacy of Human Development but…
Poverty
Urban-Rural Disparity
Political Deference and Passivity
Religion not Focal Point for Activism
Oyuna (WB-UB) and Head Lama,
Gandantsemnal Monastery (UB)
Mongolian Country Context
Nomadic Individualism Spatial Distance
Mongolian Civil Society
Large Number of NGOs
Impressive Array of SAc Mechanisms
Constraints Lack of Resources Politicization Lack of Knowledge of CSOs
Healthy Society Protest, 4-05
Familiarity with CSOs:“How much do you know about
CSOs?”
Source: Opinion Poll (April-May 2005): Question Q.
Much, 0.3%
Nothing, 41.0%
Little, 51.0%
Some, 8.0%
Methodology: Interviews and Focus
Groups
Stakeholders: CSOs, Media Workers, Public Officials, International Donors and INGOs
CSO Focus Group, April 2005
Methodology: CSO Survey
Random Sample of Registered (35) Active CSOs (61) Topics:
Organizational Information Organizational Resources Involvement in Social Accountability
Information, Voice and Negotiation
“How frequently has your organization been involved in the following areas?”
0%15%30%45%60%75%
Com
men
t
Advo
cacy
Cont
act
Hear
ing
Com
mitt
ee
Budg
etAn
alys
is
Mon
itor
Budg
et
Mon
itor
Serv
ices
Oth
er
Source: CSO Survey, Question H.
Rarely13%
Almost Never10%
Not Apply4%
Almost Always
13%
Missing4%
Sometimes56%
“How frequently has your CSO received requested information from
officials?”
Source: CSO Survey, Question BB1.
Methodology:National Opinion Poll
Over 600 respondents 50% in Ulaanbaatar 50 % in 3 Aimags
Topics: Political Activism The Political Economy Public Officials CSOs
Uverkhangai, April 2005
60%
69%
37%
24%
14%
31% 30% 28% 29%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
“What is your level of confidence in the following social and political institutions?”
Source: Opinion Poll, Question I.
“Are CSOs making an important contribution in the following
areas?”
0%15%30%45%60%
Mob
ilize
Res
ourc
es
Org
aniz
eAc
tiviti
es
Info
on
Budg
ets
Mon
itor
GO
M
Publ
icD
ebat
e
Gat
her
Opi
nion
s
Info
GO
MPo
sitio
ns
Assi
stIm
plem
ent
Source: Opinion Poll, Question R.
Case Study on Legal Advocacy:
National Center Against Violence
Voice, Information and Negotiation in:
Advocating for Legal Reforms Law Against Domestic Violence
(2004)
Advocating Implementation Transfer Shelters to State
Case Study on Local Governance:
Women for Social Progress
Information to Promote Accountability Triangle News
Promoting Forum for Negotiation Business Development Consultation
Seeking Voice in Local Governance Opposition to Market Relocation
Uverkhangai Market,April 2005
Case Study on Environmental Protection:
Ongi River Movement
Negotiation Association with Public Officials Knowledge of Environment Laws
Information GOM and Independent Studies
Voice Petitions and Meetings Workshops and Marches Artisanal Mining
Case Study on Public Service Delivery:
School Councils Negotiation Capacity Undermined
Disempowerment of School Boards/Councils
Voice limited “Elected” Representatives
Import of Access to Information Misappropriated School Funding
Focused Study on Media
Significant Growth in Number of Outlets
Legal/Regulatory Constraints
Informal Restrictions
Internal Constraints Lack of Professionalism Weak Funding Base Lack of Neutrality
PRTV (Ulaanbaatar)
Enabling Environment: Voice
Finding V1: Mongolians lack awareness of their civil rights, including Freedom of Expression.
Recommendation: GOM and CSOs should undertake programs such as civic education to improve awareness and understanding of rights.
Finding V2: Defamation laws unreasonably restrict expression and media reporting.
Recommendation: The GOM, CSO and media should collaborate to review and reform Defamation laws.
Enabling Environment: Voice
Finding V3: Poor journalism undermines the public’s right to diversity of reliable information.
Recommendations: CSOs, media and GOM should conduct a broad social consultation to find solutions to poor media reporting, including the possibility of the formation of a media council.
Finding V4: The registration system poses a threat to media independence.
Recommendation: GOM, media, and CSOs should consider revising the media registration system.
Enabling Environment: Voice
Finding V5: Licensing system fails to promote public interest broadcasting.
Recommendations: The autonomy and capacity of CRC (Communications Regulatory Commission) should be enhanced so that broadcast licensing can promote diversity of content and ownership.
Finding V6: The capacity of PRTV to produce programming in the public interest is undermined by resource constraints and political influence.
Recommendations: GOM should-with Donor support-build PRTV capacity for efficient management and resource mobilization and respect the independence of its Council.
Enabling Environment: Information
Finding I1: Mongolians have insufficient information about the decisions and proceedings of the GOM.
Recommendations: The GOM should make information about its
decisions and proceedings more accessible. CSOs should continue explore ways to enhance their
provision of alternative sources of information. Donors should consider providing start-up support
for these activities but overtime these costs should be transferred to the GOM and CSOs.
Enabling Environment: Information
Finding I2: Secrecy laws and culture are inconsistent with open government and obstruct citizen access to information.
Recommendations: Secrecy laws should be amended, openness training should be provided--with possible funding from the Donor Community--and senior officials should send clear signals promoting openness.
Finding I3: Public officials are denying and/or delaying access to information held by public bodies.
Recommendations: An Access to Information law in line with constitutional and international standards should be adopted and its implementation promoted through training and publicity.
Enabling Environment: Negotiation
Finding N1: Most Mongolians are insufficiently aware of the role of CSOs in promoting social accountability.
Recommendations: Stakeholders should educate Mongolians about the importance of and opportunities for engaging the GOM which should promote direct citizen engagement.
Finding N2: Mongolia’s governmental structures limit accountability of national and local governments and constrain citizen participation.
Recommendation: GOM should encourage citizen participation in the budget process.
Enabling Environment
Finding N3: The Community Score Card (CSC) could be enhanced to provide more opportunities for Voice, Information and Negotiation.
Recommendation: World Bank-supported Sustainable Livelihoods Project should explore expanded use of Community Score Cards.