The Emerging Global Identity & Tracking System October 28, 2004
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Transcript of The Emerging Global Identity & Tracking System October 28, 2004
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The Emerging Global Identity & Tracking System
October 28, 2004
Barry Steinhardt
Director, Technology & Liberty Project
American Civil Liberties Union
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“Policy Laundering”
Cycling policies through international bodies that can’t be
enacted directly at home
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Biometric Passports
• Required by US Congress
• Standards created by ICAO
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Biometric Passports
• Face-Recognition set as the standard
• RFID chips included too• Standards allow for
optional use of other biometrics
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RFID Chips
• Can be read at a distance (20m in tests)– see http://tinyurl.com/46vml
• No encryption
• Could enable tracking
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Face Recognition
• Highly unreliable biometric
• Allows tracking-at-a-distance
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Once created, biometric passports will:
• Become gold standard of identity verification around the world
• Become template for domestic National ID systems
• Increasingly be demanded for more and more purposes, abroad and domestically
• Be subject to private sector “piggybacking”
• Eventually they may become practical necessities
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Expansion is inevitable
• Be used for more and more purposes
• Contain ever-more information
• Incorporate more biometrics, such as fingerprints and iris scans
Once created, passports are likely to:
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Passports won’t exist in a vacuum
• National Identity systems
• Immigration database systems
• Passenger profiling systems
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“Policy Laundering”
• National ID proposals failed in US• US sets standards for allies• US prods international body (ICAO) to
set standards• US complies with international standards
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NGO input could have improved the product
• Biometrics can be implemented in ways that prevent use for surveillance or tracking
• Local storage• 1-1 checks• biometric systems related to physical
characteristics which do not leave traces (e.g. shape of the hand but not fingerprints)
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Attempts to participate were rebuffedNGOs Ignored
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Passenger Screening
February 2002:
CAPPS II (version 1.0)Data mining, wide sharing, the works
August 2003
CAPPS II (version 2.0)Commercial data, Red light/Green light,
August 2004
“Secure Flight”CAPPS version 3.0: Watch lists, commercial data
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Secure Flight Compared to CAPPS II
Program Elements CAPPS II
Secure Flight
Provides no protection against terrorists with Fake IDs √ √ Provides no meaningful way for individuals to challenge their security designation √ √ Centers around reliance on secret, inaccurate government terrorist watch lists √ Checks personal information against private databases √ √ Requires collection of personal information from travelers making reservations √ √ Expands program beyond terrorists √ *Uses computer algorithms to rate individuals’ “threat to aviation” √ *
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Passenger Screening Foisted On Canada & EU
• Must be international to work
• EU-US agreement reached over parliamentary objection – Canada too
• International agreements reached while domestic program still embattled