The EMC Directive 2004/108/EC By Ken DeVore Director, F-Squared Laboratories MarylandOhioNorth...

The EMC Directive2004/108/EC

By Ken DeVore

Director, F-Squared Laboratories

Maryland Ohio North Carolina

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• Brief overview of Electromagnetic Interference and Electromagnetic Compatibility• EMC Directive • Apparatus and Fixed Installations• Examples of EMC Test Methods• What information is needed for a quote

PresentationOutline

The Choices You MakeNow

Can Provide for a Successful Evaluation

Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Electrical / Electronic equipment malfunctions due to Electromagnetic

Disturbances

Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) An electrical system or product's ability to

operate without causing EMI that would interfere with other equipment (Emissions)and without being affected by EMI from otherequipment or the environment (Immunity)

The coupling between systems is a physical phenomenaLimits and levels in standards are expressed in terms of these

Phenomena

There are 5 basic modes of coupling

• Electrostatic • Capacitive • Inductive

• Conductive • Electric (E) and magnetic (H) radiation fields

Methods ofCoupling

“any state or process known through the senses rather than by

intuition or reasoning”

PhenomenaDefined

BASIC CONCEPTBASIC CONCEPT

Electromagnetic Fields Are Everywhere

They are NORMAL

There are two paths

Radiated (Airborne)

&

Conducted on Wires

Equipment covered by Directive 1999/5/EC on Radio and telecommunications terminal equipment (R&TTE)

Certain Aeronautical products as referred to in EC regulation No1592/2002 Radio equipment used by radio amateurs Benign equipment

There areExemptions

Note – exemptions mean there is redirection for EMC compatibility

2004/108/EC 2004/108/EC Directive – What Changed?Directive – What Changed?

• Clarification of scope and some definitions• Definition of compliance methods – DoC• Elimination of mandatory NB/CB examinations• Requirement for unique product identification• Clear treatment of fixed installations and their

compliance obligations

APPARATUSAny

finished product or

combination thereof

The Scope of the New Directive

FIXED INSTALATIONSA particular combination

of apparatus usedpermanently at

pre-defined locations

Give Consideration to - - -RF Emissions and Immunity

Line Emissions and Immunityand Transients

By using good - - -Segregation

ShieldingFiltering

Grounding & Bonding

Fixed Installation shall be installedapplying good EMC engineering practices

Mobile installations are defined as a combination of apparati

intended to be moved and operated in a range of locations are deemed

to be apparatus.

All provisions of the EMC Directive, as defined forapparatus, apply to mobile installations.

THIS INCLUDES MOBILE

INSTALLATIONS

The strategy is to manage and control EMC to ensure the safe and reliable operation of the Fixed Installation Project.

Functional Safety consideration of EMC issues and the impact these may have on the safe operation of the equipment and neighboring environment.

Functional Operation consideration The operation of the products and co-located equipment and systems may not be guaranteed by solely complying with EMC regulations or test standards

FIXED INSTALLATIONS

Equipment shall be designed and manufactured toensure that:

1. That the disturbance generated does not exceed the level above in which radio and telecommunications equipment or other equipment cannot operate as intended……and

2. It has a level of immunity to the disturbances to be expected in its intended use which allows it to operate without unacceptable degradation of its intended use

MEET THE EMC ESSENTIAL REQUIREMENTS

• Description of product Component selection• Description of environment Shielding, filtering, cables etc• Specific precautions• Performance criteria• EMC test data and reports • Design considerations and Technical Rationales

An EMC Technical Assessment

Consists of - - -

Develop an EMC Plan for Success

• Describe the project including systems and equipment• Define the technical description• What are the project EMC requirements?• What are the project roles and responsibilities• Provide for EMC Testing• EMC Design Studies/PreScan EMC Testing• EMC Maintenance requirements• Don’t forget about your key subcontractors

Perform aGap Analysis

An EMC gap analysis design study will need to be performed to gather the EMC compliance status ofequipment in terms of Declarations of Conformity, EN standards and if possible test reports.

EMC testing of individual suppliers’ equipment may be required where inadequate EMC performance is identified through the EMC gap analysis.

Where you think you are….where you need to be

This is your mind about now……

Lets try to bring this all together to make sense

Typical EMC Typical EMC Test StandardsTest Standards

– Radiated Emissions – CISPR 11 or CISPR 22– Conducted Emissions – CISPR 11 or CISPR 22– Harmonic Emissions – EN 61000-3-2– Flicker – EN 61000-3-3– Electrostatic Discharge – EN 61000-4-2– Radiated Immunity – EN 61000-4-3– Electrically Fast Transient Immunity – EN 61000-4-4– Surge Immunity – EN 61000-4-5– Conducted Immunity – EN 61000-4-6– Magnetic Immunity - EN 61000-4-8– Voltage dips/interrupts – EN61000-4-11

Electrical PortsInputs/Outputs

Testing - Guidance

Port Identity3m and less >3m (9.8 ft.) >10m (32.8 ft.) >30m (98.4 ft.)

Input AC Power Conducted Im. EFT Im. Surge Im. Dips/Interrupts Im.

Output AC Power Conducted Im. EFT Im. Surge Im.

Input and Output DC Power

Conducted Im. Conducted Im EFT Im. Surge Im. (EN61326)

Conducted Im. EFT Im. Surge Im.

Signal I/O Conducted Im. EFT Im.

Conducted Im. EFT Im. Surge Im.

Functional Earth Conducted Im. Conducted Im, EFT Im.

Cable length 1 meter = 3.2808399 feet

Intentional RadiatorsIntentional Radiators are subject to rules are subject to rules (FCC, RTTE, etc) for preventing interference and (FCC, RTTE, etc) for preventing interference and maximizing the available spectrummaximizing the available spectrum

All other electrical products areAll other electrical products are non-non-intentional intentional RadiatorsRadiators, such as electrical , such as electrical circuits, are not designed to generate RF circuits, are not designed to generate RF energy, but do. As a result, they energy, but do. As a result, they couldcould interfere interfere with other deviceswith other devices

RADIATED RADIATED EMISSIONSEMISSIONS

RadiatedEmissions

Verifies that the product's EM emissions do not exceed a level that will interfere with the operation of other electrical devices in the operating environmentin which the equipment willbe installed or utilized

Radiated EmissionsSimulation

PerformedAt a

Defined Level in

V/m

Evaluation of Radiated Emissions at Your

Location – Clearance Requirements

Use shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your “vent” openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible

Radiated EmissionsDesign Tips

ConductedEmissions

This is energy that is transmitted from an electrical device through the power cord and back into the electrical system

Conducted EmissionsSimulation

SignalMonitoring

Device

Signal monitoring

Coming from the device

Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your “vent” openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded the port properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible

Conducted EmissionsDesign Tips

HarmonicEmissions

Harmonics is a distortion of a normal sine wave. When a product produces distortion it does this at multiples of the power line frequency are generated.

Harmonic EmissionsSimulation

Signal Monitoring

Device

Signal monitoring


Harmonics Emissions Design Tips

Use power factor correction circuits The current and voltage wave forms need to be sinusoidal

FlickerEmissions

The term “flicker” applies touncontrolled intermittent Emissions. It is also knownas surge emission. ie: light flicker

Flicker Emission Simulation

CurrentMonitoring

Device

Current monitoring


Flicker Emissions Design Tips

Use pre-approved power supplies

ESD Immunity

Electrostatic Discharges are applied to all relevant points while the apparatus is in operation. These are appliedeither by air and by contact

ESD ImmunitySimulation

Consider the acceptable limits of performance for your devicewithin the application of use

Electro-static discharge

ESD ImmunityDesign Tips

Make sure the enclosure has a common ground planeMake sure the AC mains has the 3rd wire Ground and is used If a plastic enclosure, consider conductive coatings or another sort of shielding With keyboards consider using a “back-plane” ground sheet

Radiated Immunity

Evaluated by controlling a signal source and power levels to generate field levels over a defined set of frequencies

Radiated Immunity

Simulation


Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your “vent” openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible

Radiated ImmunityDesign Tips

EFT(Electrical Fast Transients)

Immunity

EFT is a test process to demonstratethe equipment’s resistance to line transients through the connecting leads simulating relay and contact bounce

EFT ImmunitySimulation

ControlledSignalSource


Signal injection

EFT ImmunityDesign Tips

Make sure the enclosure has a common ground plane Does your unit have a power line filter Are there transient suppression components employed on the PCBA Use shielded cables Employ multi-layer PCBs Use shielded cables

Surge Immunity

This tests the equipment’s level of resistance or immunity to surges caused by over voltages from switching and lightning transients

Surge ImmunitySimulation

ControlledPulse

Source


Pulse injection

Use pre-approved power supplies Are there surge suppressors installed

Surge ImmunityDesign Tips

Conducted Immunity

Evaluates the product’s ability to resist electrical signals that may be generated by the switching of inductive loads or contactors

Conducted ImmunitySimulation



Signal injection

Conducted ImmunityDesign Tips

Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Are there I/O line filters Use ferrites on cabling if needed Use multi-layer PCBs where possible Are you using a power line filter

Magnetic Field Immunity

Evaluates the product’s ability to resist Magnetic Fields that may be present In the product’s installation

Magnetic Field ImmunitySimulation



EM Field Exposure

Are you using shielded cabling Is your enclosure shielded Limit your “vent” openings in the enclosure Use ferrites on cabling if needed Make sure the connectors are grounded properly Make sure the enclosure has a continuous ground Use multi-layer PCBs where possible

Magnetic Field ImmunityDesign Tips

Voltage Dips & Interrupts Immunity

Simulates voltage variations, and interruptions caused by short circuits or rapid changes in power. This may cause a sudden and extreme increase in current and a reduction in voltage

Voltage Dips/interrupts ImmunitySimulation

ControlledVoltageSource


Voltage injection

Voltage Dips/interrupts Immunity

Design Tips

Use pre-approved power supplies

Have you NoticedCommonality in

EMC Design Tips?

Shielded cabling Grounding Filtering where necessary Good workmanship practices Using approved power supplies

• Addressing special cases unique to the environment• Addressing limitations with the standards• Ensuring installed systems and not just the individual equipment are EMC compliant• EMC must also be maintained during installation and maintenance

You may find the need todefine additional requirements

that could include:

DOC DOC Annex IV Annex IV

of the EMC of the EMC DirectiveDirective

The EC declaration of conformity must contain:

– A reference to the applicable directive– Identification to the apparatus– Name and address of manufacturer and

authorized Community representative if applicable

– Dated reference to the specifications to which conformity is declared

– Date of the declaration– Identity and signature of person empowered

to bind the company

What are the BasicsFor an RFQ?

Identify the countries you wish to place the product Draw a simple block diagram

DeviceOr System

ForEvaluation

220VAC/50Hz/5A

I/O in from PC (3m)48VDC Motor Power (10m)

I/O out to Actuator (15m)

List all electrical inputs & outputs and identify if they are power or I/O Provide the maximum lengths for each input & output cable Identify any fluid, gas or air requirements and pressures

120psi air inputCourtesy Power Outlet 220VAC

Ken [email protected]

704-918-4609 or 440-832-0775

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The EMC Directive 2004/108/EC By Ken DeVore Director, F-Squared Laboratories MarylandOhioNorth...

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