THE ELECTRONIC EYE
-
Upload
aiswarya-khilar -
Category
Documents
-
view
3.654 -
download
0
Transcript of THE ELECTRONIC EYE
Free Powerpoint Templates
“ELECTRONIC EYE”: A Ray of Vision For the Blind…
Presented by: Biswa Bandini Aastha KhamariAiswarya Lakshmi Khilar
Roll No.: 12EEE052
12EEE053
(Current Research and Future Prospects)
CONTENTS:- WHAT IS ELECTRONIC EYE ?
BLINDNESS
TECHNIQUES FOR ELECTRONIC EYE
MARC
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
CONCLUSION
WHAT IS ELECTRONIC OR BIONIC EYE?
ELECTRONIC OR BIONIC EYE REFERS TO BIOELECTRONIC EYE.
THE ELECTRONIC DEVICE WHICH REPLACES FUNCTIONALITY OF A PART OR WHOLE OF THE EYE.
BLINDNESS BLINDNESS MEANS LOSS OF VISION.
A COMPLETELY BLIND INDIVISUAL UNABLE TO SEE ANYTHING EVEN WITH THE USE OF EYE GLASSES , CONTACT LENSES , MEDICINE OR SURGERY.
8O% OF BLINDNESS OCCURS IN PEOPLE OVER 50YEARS OLD.
COMMON CAUSES :- MACULAR DEGENERATION , TRAUMATIC INJURIES , GLAUCOMA etc.
LESS COMMON CAUSES :- VIT-A DEFICIENCY , RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA , RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY etc.
TECHNOLOGIES APPLIED IN BIONIC EYE :-
MIT – HARVARD DEVICE
ASR(ARTIFICIAL SILICON RETINA)
MARC(MULTI UNIT ARTIFICIAL RETINA CHIPSET SYSYEM)
ARGUS II
HOLOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGY
MIT-Harvard device Epi-Retinal Approach
Microelectrode array replaces damaged photoreceptors
Image Acquisition - Using CCD Camera
Patient spectacle holds the camera and power source
Epiretinal Approach involves a
semiconductor based device positioned
on the surface of the retina to try to simulate
the remaining overlying cells of the retina.
Subretinal Approach involves
implanting the ASR chip behind the
retina to simulate the remaining
viable cells.
ASR (ARTIFICIAL SILICON RETINA)
ARGUS II The Argus II epiretinal
prosthesis system allowsletter and word reading and long-term functionin patients with profound vision loss.
Test I: letter identification
Test II: letter size reduction
Test III: word recognition
HOLOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGY Computer-generated holography,
could be used in conjunction with a technique called optogenetics, which uses gene therapy to deliver light-sensitive proteins to damaged retinal nerve cells.
“The basic idea of optogenetics is to take a light-sensitive protein from another organism, typically from algae or bacteria, and insert it into a target cell, and that photosensitizes the cell,”
MARC(Multiple Unit Of Artificial Retinal Chipset System)
Photograph of MARC Chip
MARC Photoreceptor
MARC System Block Diagram
On-Going Development:Argus III
The Argus III will work by taking the image from a camera and wirelessly transmitting it to an electronics package. That package will stimulate undamaged retinal tissue using a thin film transistor electrode array.
Augmented Reality: Argus II
Sent it to the eye implant
Process the new image
Add the graphics
Take the input from the camera
Advantages Disadvantages
Compact Size – 6x6 mm
Diagnostic Capability
Reduction of stress upon retina
Costly
If a single part of the chip is damaged the total technique will be meaningless.
Conclusion Its been 40 years since Arne Larsson received the first fully implanted
cardiac pacemaker at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm.
Researchers throughout the world have looked for ways to improve people's lives with artificial, bionic devices.
Bionic devices are being developed to do more than replace defective parts.
Researchers are also using them to fight illnesses.
Providing power to run bionic implants and making connections to the brain's control system pose the two great challenges for both electrical & biomedical engineering.
Scientist are now looking at devices like bionic arms, tongues, noses etc.