The Election of Franklin Delano Roosevelt IB History of the Americas.
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Transcript of The Election of Franklin Delano Roosevelt IB History of the Americas.
The Election of Franklin The Election of Franklin Delano RooseveltDelano Roosevelt
IB History of the AmericasIB History of the Americas
FDR: Politician in aFDR: Politician in aWheelchair: BackgroundWheelchair: Background
Charismatic, tall, athletic, Charismatic, tall, athletic, handsomehandsome
Could also be superficial Could also be superficial and arrogantand arrogant
Born wealthy; 5th cousin Born wealthy; 5th cousin of Theodore Rooseveltof Theodore Roosevelt
Graduated from HarvardGraduated from Harvard 1913 – 1920 – assistant 1913 – 1920 – assistant
secretary of the navysecretary of the navy
Background (cont’d)Background (cont’d)
1921 – at age 39, contracted polio1921 – at age 39, contracted polio Paralyzed from waste downParalyzed from waste down Disease made him more compassionate and strongDisease made him more compassionate and strong
Served in NY legislature and was nominated to Served in NY legislature and was nominated to vice presidency in 1920vice presidency in 1920
1928 – 1932 , Served as governor of New York1928 – 1932 , Served as governor of New York Used state spending to relieve sufferingUsed state spending to relieve suffering Condemned by conservatives as a “traitor to his Condemned by conservatives as a “traitor to his
class”class”
His wife, EleanorHis wife, Eleanor
Strong woman who Strong woman who traveled andtraveled and
campaigned for her campaigned for her husbandhusband
Franklin called her “his Franklin called her “his legs”legs”
“ “conscience of the New conscience of the New Deal”Deal”
Championed causes of Championed causes of poor and dispossessedpoor and dispossessed
Powerfully influenced Powerfully influenced policies of national policies of national governmentgovernment
Election of 1932Election of 1932
Democrats Nominated RooseveltDemocrats Nominated Roosevelt Would repeal prohibitionWould repeal prohibition Blamed Hoover for DepressionBlamed Hoover for Depression Would balance the budgetWould balance the budget Sweeping social and economic reformsSweeping social and economic reforms
Election of 1932Election of 1932
Republicans Nominated HooverRepublicans Nominated Hoover Done without enthusiasmDone without enthusiasm Praise Republican anti-Depression Praise Republican anti-Depression
policiespolicies Halfhearted promise to repeal prohibitionHalfhearted promise to repeal prohibition
Roosevelt’s CampaignRoosevelt’s Campaign
Brutal attacks on Republican handling of Brutal attacks on Republican handling of DepressionDepression
New Deal for the “forgotten man”New Deal for the “forgotten man” Some vague and contradictory promisesSome vague and contradictory promises Promised to balance the budget; attacked Promised to balance the budget; attacked
Hoover for deficit spending Hoover for deficit spending
1932 ELECTION1932 ELECTION Hoover Hoover
““The Worst is The Worst is Past" Past"
"Prosperity is Just "Prosperity is Just Around the Around the Corner"Corner"
Hoover’s Pessimistic CampaignHoover’s Pessimistic Campaign Hoover battled the Depression while trying to Hoover battled the Depression while trying to
campaigncampaign
Slogans like “The Worst is Past” and “It Might Slogans like “The Worst is Past” and “It Might Have Been Worse”Have Been Worse”
Spoke out for free enterprise and individualismSpoke out for free enterprise and individualism
Argued that repeal of Hawley-Smoot Tariff wouldArgued that repeal of Hawley-Smoot Tariff wouldmake Depression worsemake Depression worse
Results of the 1932 ElectionResults of the 1932 Election
FDR beat Hoover by 7 million votes (22 to 15 FDR beat Hoover by 7 million votes (22 to 15 millionmillion 472 – 59 in electoral college472 – 59 in electoral college Hoover carried only 6 statesHoover carried only 6 states
Blacks began shift from Republicans to Blacks began shift from Republicans to Democrats, especially in urban NorthDemocrats, especially in urban North
Republicans hurt by DepressionRepublicans hurt by Depression Vote was more anti-Hoover than pro-RooseveltVote was more anti-Hoover than pro-Roosevelt
Hoover’s HumiliationHoover’s Humiliation
November 1932 – March 4, 1933 was Hoover’sNovember 1932 – March 4, 1933 was Hoover’s
lame ducklame duck period period Hoover could not take any long-range action Hoover could not take any long-range action
without FDRwithout FDR Roosevelt refused to be tied down by Hoover on Roosevelt refused to be tied down by Hoover on
war-debt or anti-inflationary policywar-debt or anti-inflationary policy Republicans argued (now and then) that Republicans argued (now and then) that
Roosevelt deliberately allowed the Depression to Roosevelt deliberately allowed the Depression to worsen to give himself more gloryworsen to give himself more glory
1932 ELECTION1932 ELECTION Lame-duck period Lame-duck period (Nov. 1932-(Nov. 1932-
March 3, 1933)March 3, 1933)
banking industry collapsebanking industry collapse Twentieth Amendment Twentieth Amendment (1933)(1933)
Bank Failures, 1929-1933
Franklin D. Roosevelt and Herbert Hoover on the way to FDR's inauguration, March 4, 1933(Library of Congress)
Bank Failures, Bank Failures, 1929-19331929-1933
2020thth Amendment Amendment
Now, the new Now, the new President would President would be sworn in on be sworn in on the 20the 20thth day of day of January instead January instead of in Marchof in March
Tried to do Tried to do away with lame away with lame ducks ducks
FDR and the 3 R’s (Relief, FDR and the 3 R’s (Relief, Recover, and Reform)Recover, and Reform)
March 4, 1933 – Roosevelt inauguratedMarch 4, 1933 – Roosevelt inaugurated Speech broadcast nationally via radioSpeech broadcast nationally via radio Blamed Depression on “money changers”Blamed Depression on “money changers” Government must attack Depression as it Government must attack Depression as it
would an armed enemywould an armed enemy ““Let me assert my firm belief that the onlyLet me assert my firm belief that the only
thing we have to fear is fear itself.”thing we have to fear is fear itself.”