The eighteenth century

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India in the Era of Transition

Transcript of The eighteenth century

Page 1: The eighteenth century

India in the Era of Transition

Page 2: The eighteenth century

Mughal Empire (1526-1707) Early thesis of the 18th century

as an era of Darkness Increasing Tax burden Hindu Resistance / Wars of

Peasant Resistance/ Regional Elites rising their heads

Complex struggle for supremacy for empire

Changes in the pattern of class formation

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Independent Provinces Warrior States of Sikhs,

Jats and Marathas Local Kingdoms and

Warrior Adventurers Mughal Legitimacy Conquests, Intrigues and

Fractional Squabbles

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Increased Agricultural Productivity

Favorable Land Labor Ratio Peasant and Artisan Mobility Rise of Hereditary Land Holders Thriving Internal Trade in Grain,

Textiles and Cattle Rise of New Urban Centers Decline of Ancient Indian Port

Cities and Indian Maritime Traders

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Popular Devotional Cults Darga of Muinuddin Chisti and

complex religious rituals Vaishnava Cult of Nadia Varanasi as the center of Hindu

learning in South Asia Idea of Hindu Padpadsahi in

Maharashtra Sikh Muslim clashes Emergence of the notion of Islamic

Revival (Shah Waliullah, 1703-1762 and Shah Abdul Aziz1746-1824)

Complex interaction between religious heterodoxy and orthodoxy

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