The Egyptian Empire

World History E Hour

The Middle Kingdom 2080- 1640 BC

During the Middle Kingdom the Egyptians lived in farming villages. In 3200 B.C. the villages were under two separate kingdoms, lower and upper Egypt. The king of the lower part of egypt wore a red crown while the other one wore white. Narmer , who is the king of the lower part of Egypt created a white and red crown. The crown symbolized the United Kingdom . The kingdom consists of 31 dynasties spanning over 2,600 years.

Hyksos Rule (1640-1570 B.C.)

After the success of the Middle Kingdom, Egypt

became very violent and had many wars due to weak pharaohs who could not control their empire. Egypt became

very vulnerable and they soon were

attacked and conquered by invaders, the Hyksos. The reason the Hyksos were able to conquer Egypt was because the Hyksos

had a powerful weapon the Egyptians did not,

chariots.

Hebrews come to Egypt

In 1650 B.C the Hebrews migrated from Mesopotamia to Egypt. They migrated because the Nile River was rich in water and minerals in the soil. It also provided great military power. They Hyksos told the Hebrews they were able to stay and join the Empire.

Around 1600, a series of warlike rulers began to restore egypt’s power. Queen Ahhotep took over when her husband, who was also her brother, was killed in battle.

Restoring

Restoring Egypt’s Power

Another important ruler was Pharaoh Kamose. He won battles against the Hyksos. Pharaohs after him continued to battle the Hyksos and they managed to completely drive the Hyksos out of Egypt.

The Hebrew Exodus

Around the time period of 1600 B.C. the Hebrews were enslaved by the Pharaoh Kamose. They were forced to work hard and long hours to rebuild Egypt. The Hebrews were not let out of slavery until the time period of 1500 and 1200 B.C. They were set free with the help of a man named Moses, he convinced the pharaoh to let them go after a series of strange events.

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The New Kingdom Of Egypt (1570-1075 B.C)

The pharaohs had overthrown the Hyksos and wanted to make Egypt an empire. The pharaohs created large militaries and an extensive government. During this time some of the most familiar pharaohs ruled such as Ramses, Thutmose, and Akhenaten. Art, architecture, and religion stamped the New Kingdom.

1570-1360, The 18th DynastyMany of the Pharaohs from the New Kingdom were from the 18th Dynasty. The 18th dynasty started with King Ahmose, who defeated the Hyksos, and put Egypt back under the rule of one egyptian ruler. After the Egyptians had gotten rid of the Hyksos the Egyptian rulers were determined to keep control of Egypt. In order to achieve this goal they strengthened their military forces. They gathered many soldiers and trained them to keep away foreigners. The Egyptian rulers also formed more advanced weapons for their soldiers to use in battle. With these new strategies the Egyptians were sure to keep away foreigners plotting to take over.

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Hatshepsut's RuleIn 1472, Hatshepsut declared herself pharaoh of the New Kingdom because her stepson (Thutmose III) was to young to take the throne. Unlike other Pharaohs she encouraged trade instead of war. She sent a fleet of five ships to Punt to bring back items for religious ceremonies. They returned with gold, ivory, and unusual plants and animals.

Thutmose’s Reign

During his time of ruling Thutmose was tested when his father died. Enemy rulers thought it would be a great chance to test his skills as a leader and they thought he would be weak, but he proved them wrong.

He was already the ruler of the military before he took the throne and knew the strengths of his army. He wanted to defend more than Egypt so he he planned ahead and trained 20,000 soldiers who volunteered or by force if necessary, for a surprise attack on Megiddo. He went against the General’s advice and took the most dangerous route into the city however, he quickly defeated the other army.

They weren’t prepared and the city now belonged to Thutmose;then he sent the enemies children back to Egypt as “brainwashed” citizens. He was known for reversing Egypt’s distinction and he accomplished way more than any other empire ruled by one king.

1900 BC-Hittites Move Into Asia Minor

Long ago while Egypt was becoming established a group of people called the Hittites created one of the first major civilizations. When the civilization was at its best it conquered many places. One of these places was Asia Minor. A while after because of the location the Hittites fought with the Egyptians.

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The Battle of Kadesh

Kadesh was known as Qadesh, which was an ancient city of the Levant, on the bank of the Orontes River in Syria where the battle was fought between the Pharaoh Ramesses II and the Hittite king, Muwatallis.The battle occured around 1285 B.C. Ramesses II led an army of 20,000 men. Muwatallis had set out a trap for the Egyptians. He sent forth about about 1,500 chariots, each holding three men to test the strength of the Egyptians armies, both armies were powerful and massive. Ramesses claimed his army fled leaving him, but both parties claimed that Kadesh was their on victory.

Ramesses failed to complete his objective of taking city, but he did break the Hittite army, and Hittites did retain control of Kadesh, but he didn't crush Ramesses’ army.

This battle is considered a draw in history because neither side gained their objective . They figured that neither could defeat the other so they agreed to choose the way of peace.

This lead to the PeaceTreaty which was created by Pharaoh Ramesesses and The Hittie King which promised peace and brotherhood .

"Reamasesa, the great king, the king of the country of Egypt, shall never attack the country of Hatti to take possession of a part (of this country). And Hattusili, the great king, the king of the country of Hatti, shall never attack the country of Egypt to take possession of a part (of that country)”. (Hattusili III)

FALL OF RAMSES

After the battle at Kadesh and the peace treaty was signed, the Egyptians and the Hittites were realatively peaceful. Although they slowly came apart as other strong civilizations rose to challenge Egypts power.

Egypt’s Empire Fades *Egypt didn’t recover from previous invasions

- the empire broke into regional units where small kingdoms arose

*Almost powerless Egypt fell to neighbor’s invasions

-Libyans crossed the desert to the Nile Delta

-There they established independent dynasties

* Libyans ruled from 950-730 BC, erecting their own cities

-they did not impose their own culture, but adopted to the Egyptian’s culture instead

*Even when the Nubians seized power, they too adopted their culture

950-730 Libyan Pharaohs Rule Egypt

Piankhi Captures Egyptian Throne

In 751 B.C. Piankhi, the Kushite king, overthrew the Libyan dynasty. He united the Nile Valley from the North, to Napata in the South. After the victory, Piankhi had a statue created and inscribed with words that celebrated the victory.Piankhi and his descendents (called Kushites) became Egypt’s 25th dynasty, but in 671 B.C, the Assyrians conquered them. After being conquered, the Kushites moved south along the Nile River.

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Our Sources:Slide 1 world history textbook

Slide 2: World History Textbook

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http://www.ancientegyptianfacts.com/ancient-egypt-ahhotep.html

Our Sources:Slide 6 World History Text Book

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Slide8 textbook, www.ancienthistory.com

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Slide 10 textbook, google images

Our Sources:Slide 11: http://www.biography.com/people/thutmose-iii-39569, http://ancientegyptia.tripod.com/id11.html

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http://www.militaryhistoryonline.com/ancient/articles/kadesh.aspx

http://www.ancient.eu.com/article/78/Slide 14

Slide 15- Text book (11th Grade World History ‘Patterns of Interaction’) Pages 90-92

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