The Effects of pH and Temperature on the Germination of Raphanus sativus Seeds
description
Transcript of The Effects of pH and Temperature on the Germination of Raphanus sativus Seeds
![Page 1: The Effects of pH and Temperature on the Germination of Raphanus sativus Seeds](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/5681458c550346895db274d7/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Effects of pH and Temperature on the Germination
of Raphanus sativus SeedsKeara Miley – Lake Shore
Robin Smith – Lake Shore
![Page 2: The Effects of pH and Temperature on the Germination of Raphanus sativus Seeds](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/5681458c550346895db274d7/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Miley -- Smith 2
Terminology
• Two-Factor Design of Experiment – (DOE)
• Raphanus sativus – (Radish)
• Germination– When a seed starts to sprout
• pH– How alkaline or acidic a substance is
![Page 3: The Effects of pH and Temperature on the Germination of Raphanus sativus Seeds](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/5681458c550346895db274d7/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Miley -- Smith 3
How does pH affect germination?
• pH affects germination because the acid breaks down the seed coat and allows more water to get absorbed
![Page 4: The Effects of pH and Temperature on the Germination of Raphanus sativus Seeds](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/5681458c550346895db274d7/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Miley -- Smith 4
Temperature affecting Germination
• If temperature is too high, moisture evaporates from the soil
• If temperature is too low, water absorption slows
![Page 5: The Effects of pH and Temperature on the Germination of Raphanus sativus Seeds](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/5681458c550346895db274d7/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Miley -- Smith 5
Why Do The Experiment?
• More areas we can grow food, the more food we can grow
• The purpose of the experiment was to find the pH level and temperature that would cause the most Raphanus sativus (radish) seeds to germinate
![Page 6: The Effects of pH and Temperature on the Germination of Raphanus sativus Seeds](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/5681458c550346895db274d7/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Miley -- Smith 6
Problem
• How do different levels of pH and temperature affect the germination of radish seeds?
![Page 7: The Effects of pH and Temperature on the Germination of Raphanus sativus Seeds](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/5681458c550346895db274d7/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Miley -- Smith 7
Hypothesis
• If the surrounding temperature is 35ºC and the pH level of the water sprayed on the seeds is 4.0, then the most radish seeds will germinate
![Page 8: The Effects of pH and Temperature on the Germination of Raphanus sativus Seeds](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/5681458c550346895db274d7/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Miley -- Smith 8
Values
pH Temperature (°C)
- Standard + - Standard +
4.0 6.0 8.0 28 30 35
![Page 9: The Effects of pH and Temperature on the Germination of Raphanus sativus Seeds](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/5681458c550346895db274d7/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Miley -- Smith 9
Materials
• Source of tap water• Analytical balance• 100 mL spray bottles• Paper towels• Ziploc bags• Incubator (35°C)• Refrigerator• pH test strips• tweezers
![Page 10: The Effects of pH and Temperature on the Germination of Raphanus sativus Seeds](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/5681458c550346895db274d7/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Miley -- Smith 10
Procedure
• We mixed the water with either baking soda or citric acid to change the pH and get a high, a low, and a standard concentration
• We sprayed the concentrations onto the radish seeds placed in Ziploc bags
![Page 11: The Effects of pH and Temperature on the Germination of Raphanus sativus Seeds](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/5681458c550346895db274d7/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Miley -- Smith 11
Procedure
• We then placed the bags into areas with the different temperature levels
• After 3 days, we recorded the number of seeds that germinated in a table
![Page 12: The Effects of pH and Temperature on the Germination of Raphanus sativus Seeds](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/5681458c550346895db274d7/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Miley -- Smith 12
Procedure
![Page 13: The Effects of pH and Temperature on the Germination of Raphanus sativus Seeds](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/5681458c550346895db274d7/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Miley -- Smith 13
Data Analysis
• The effect of pH on the germination of radish seeds was -0.17 units
• On average, as pH increased, the number of seeds germinated decreased by 0.17 units
88.17
0
2
4
6
8
10
-1 1
pH
Nu
mb
er
of S
ee
ds
Ge
rmin
ate
d
![Page 14: The Effects of pH and Temperature on the Germination of Raphanus sativus Seeds](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/5681458c550346895db274d7/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Miley -- Smith 14
Data Analysis
• The effect of temperature on the germination of radish seeds was 0.5 units
• On average, as temperature increased, the number of seeds germinated increased by 0.5 units
8.33
7.83
0
2
4
6
8
10
-1 1
Temperature (°C)
Nu
mb
er
of S
ee
ds
Ge
rmin
ate
d
![Page 15: The Effects of pH and Temperature on the Germination of Raphanus sativus Seeds](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/5681458c550346895db274d7/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Miley -- Smith 15
Data Analysis
• There may be an interaction between the two line segments because they are not parallel
• The effect of the graph is 0.16 units
8.33
7.67
8.338
0
2
4
6
8
10
-1 1
Temperature C
Num
ber o
f See
ds G
erm
inat
ed
![Page 16: The Effects of pH and Temperature on the Germination of Raphanus sativus Seeds](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/5681458c550346895db274d7/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Miley -- Smith 16
Observations
Date Observation
March 29 Bags and seeds are set up
April 1All standards have germinated and quite a few of the ones in the incubator. No germination in the refrigerator
April 2More have germinated in the incubator. Still no germination in the refrigerator
April 5Still no germination in the refrigerator. We will retry this part in warmer area of 28°C
April 11 Seeds germinated in the warmer temperature
![Page 17: The Effects of pH and Temperature on the Germination of Raphanus sativus Seeds](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/5681458c550346895db274d7/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Miley -- Smith 17
Hypothesis
• Hypothesis was accepted
• Most seeds germinated in 35°C temperature and pH level of 4.0
![Page 18: The Effects of pH and Temperature on the Germination of Raphanus sativus Seeds](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/5681458c550346895db274d7/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Miley -- Smith 18
Recap
• Set out to find what pH level and temperature germinated the most seeds
• We hypothesized that most seeds would germinate at 35ºC and a pH of 4.0
• Conducted experiment
• Sprayed different pH levels on radish seeds
![Page 19: The Effects of pH and Temperature on the Germination of Raphanus sativus Seeds](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/5681458c550346895db274d7/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Miley -- Smith 19
Recap
• Set the seeds in areas of different temperatures
• Recorded how many seeds germinated after three days
• Found a temperature of 35°C and pH of 4.0 germinated the most
![Page 20: The Effects of pH and Temperature on the Germination of Raphanus sativus Seeds](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/5681458c550346895db274d7/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Miley -- Smith 20
Design Flaws and Errors
• Testing in an area of 22°C was too cold– Retested in an area of 28°C
• Initially added too much citric acid and baking soda
![Page 21: The Effects of pH and Temperature on the Germination of Raphanus sativus Seeds](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/5681458c550346895db274d7/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Miley -- Smith 21
Further Study
• Different levels of pH
• Wider ranges of temperatures
• Different types of plants
• Different soil types
![Page 22: The Effects of pH and Temperature on the Germination of Raphanus sativus Seeds](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/5681458c550346895db274d7/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Miley -- Smith 22
Real Life Application
• Retailers find best source to buy stock– Profits increase
![Page 23: The Effects of pH and Temperature on the Germination of Raphanus sativus Seeds](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/5681458c550346895db274d7/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Miley -- Smith 23
![Page 24: The Effects of pH and Temperature on the Germination of Raphanus sativus Seeds](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/5681458c550346895db274d7/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Miley -- Smith 24
![Page 25: The Effects of pH and Temperature on the Germination of Raphanus sativus Seeds](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/5681458c550346895db274d7/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Miley -- Smith 25
![Page 26: The Effects of pH and Temperature on the Germination of Raphanus sativus Seeds](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062314/5681458c550346895db274d7/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Miley -- Smith 26