The Effects of Lime as an Anti-Stripping Agent - CTR … · The report does not constitute a...

V1 I" . ' , •

1

DEPARTMENTAL RESEARCH

Number SS 24.1

EFFECTS OF LIME

AS AN

NTI-STRIPPING AGENT

STATE DEPARTMENT OF HIGHWAYS AND PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION

•

THE EFFECTS OF LIME AS AN ANTI-STRIPPING AGENT

by

Nick Turnham

Laboratory Supervisor

District Seventeen

Bryan, Texas

A cooperative effort between the Texas Hot Mix Asphalt Pavement Association, National Lime Association, Young Brothers, Inc., Texas Transportation Institute, Center for Transportation Research, and

the State Department of Highways and Public Transportation

February 1983

The oplnlons expressed herein are those of the author and are not necessarily those of the Texas State Department of Highways and Public Transportation.

The report does not constitute a standard, specification or regulation.

•

THE EFFECTS OF LIME AS AN ANTI-STRIPPING AGENT

This project was a cooperative effort between the Texas Hot Mix Asphalt Pavement Association, National Lime Association, Young Brothers, Inc., Texas Transportation Institute, Center for Transportation Research, and the State Department of Highways and Public Transportation, District Seventeen.

It was felt that a full-scale field test of the effects of lime as an anti-strip agent was needed. The field test was planned for good control and to include several variables. The variables being point of addition of lime, slurry or dry treatment of individual aggregates and total mixture, and time effect of lime from application to mixture. Appendix A contains a listing of the various test sections with their limits.

The project selected for the tests was MH 240 (Villa Maria Road) in Bryan. This is a main north-south arterial with an ADT of 7,450. The completed street had curb and gutter with sixty feet surface. The section provided for 6 inches of subgrade stabilized with 4% lime, 6 inches of asphalt stabilized base (2 courses) and 1 inch of hot mix asphalt concrete pavement riding surface. The original ASB provided for a maximum size of 11R inches. This design was field changed for our research project to provide for a maximum size of ~2 inch •

The design used in the entire research project was as follows:

Percent by Weight

Retained on 1/2" Sieve o

1/2" - 3/8" 0" ........ 60 •• 0.3

3/8 11 - No. 4 .......... 38.7

No. 4 - No. 10 ........ 24.8

+No. 10 . .............. 63.8

No. 10 - No. 40 ....... 8.7

No. 40 - No. 80 ....... 15.0

No. 80 - No. 200 •• Go ••• 10.7

-No. 200 . .............. 1.8

1

The aggregates used were 62% washed river gravel (Gifford-Hill, College Station plant), 15% washed sand from the same source, and 23% local field sand. With an asphalt content of 5.0%, the design values were: Percent Density, 95.5; Hveem Stability, 41; and Cohesiometer, 164. Appendix B contains additional design information.

All of the mix used in research on this street was placed on the top 3 inches of ASB and laid on the east side of centerline. It is to be covered with 1 inch of hot mix asphalt concrete pavement.

Both batch and dryer drum plants were used with 5.0% Exxon Asphalt AC-20, and lime was added at the rate of 1.5% by weight of the aggregate treated. When slurry was used, it was made by mixing 70% water and 30% lime (by weight).

District Seventeen provided the site for the mix to be placed, performed certain laboratory and plant mix tests, correlated addition of lime with the contractor, and provided plant inspection.

Laboratory Mi x

The variables used in the laboratory mix were:

Untreated or Control Mix

Dry Lime Added to Total Mix

Dry Lime Added to Asphalt

Lime Slurry Added to Total Mix (5 Min. Treatment)

Lime Slurry added to Individual Aggregates in Complete Mix (2 Day treatment)

Lime Slurry Added to Total Mix (2 Day Treatment)

Lime Slurry Added to Total Mix (30 Day Treatment)

The Texas Freeze-Thaw Pedestal Test was performed on untreated and treated individual aggregates and also on the complete mix (Appendix C-2). This is not a standard test but we believe it indicates how a pavement will perform under adverse climatic conditions. A briquet is molded approximately 3/4 inch high and 13/4 inch in diameter. This specimen is placed on top of a pedestal in a glass container and covered with water. It is then placed in a deep freeze at 10°F for 15 hours and then in an oven at 120°F for 9 hours. This constitutes one cycle. Figures 1 and 2 depict the results of the Freeze-Thaw Pedestal Test.

2

..

Also, the Texas Boiling Test was performed on untreated and treated individual aggregates and complete mix (Appendix C-3). Figures 3 and 4 depict the results of this test.

Film Stripping, TEX-218-F, was performed on untreated and treated mix (Appendix C-4). Figure 5 shows these results.

Pressure Wetting and Unconfined Compression, TEX-126-E, was performed on untreated and treated mix (Appendix C-5). No real significant changes were noted by the addition of lime except the strength increased 2 to 8 pounds with lime. Density (PCF) and percent water absorbed were virtually unchanged by the addition of lime.

Plant Mix:

Variables used in the plant mixes were:

Untreated or Control Mix - Batch and Drum Plants

Dry Lime Added in Pug Mill

Dry Lime Added on Cold Feed Belt - Drum Plant

Dry Lime Added with Fines in Drum Plant

Lime Slurry Added to Individual Aggregates and also to all Aggregates in Mix - Drum Plant

Lime Slurry Added to Individual Aggregates in Mix and also to all Aggregates (2 Days) (Batch and Drum Plants)

Lime Slurry Added to all Aggregates in Total Mix (30 Days) (Drum Plant)

The Texas BOiling.Test was performed on the total mix, untreated and treated (Appendix 0-2). Results of the tests on mix produced by the batch plant are shown in Figure 6, and results of the tests on mix produced by the dryer drum plant are shown in Figure 7.

Film Stripping Tests, TEX-218-F, were performed on the same mix as the Boiling Tests (Appendix D-3). Results of the tests on the mix produced by the batch plant are depicted in Figure 8 and test results for the mix produced by the dryer drum plant are shown in Figure 9.

Pressure Wetting and Unconfined Compression Tests were also performed on the same mix (Appendix 0-4).

3

The densities (PCF) when mlxlng in the laboratory or plant were nearly the same. The only exception was that when dry lime was added to the aggregate in the pug mill, the density dropped approximately 5 pounds. The strength (PSI) increased greatly between the lab mix and the plant mix. This was apparent in all cases when the same variable was used. The only exception was when dry lime was added to the aggregate in the pug mill. This indicated that a better job of mixing was achieved in the plant than in the laboratory, and that the reheating and remolding of the plant mix in the lab improved strength and reduced stripping. Also, the precent water absorbed was less in the plant mix than in the laboratory mix. Again, the only exception was dry lime added in the pug mi 11.

In all the tests which were run, the least effect of lime was seen when dry lime was added to the aggregates in the pug mill.

District Seventeen is only doing part of the testing. Texas Transportation Institute and Center for Transportation Research are continuing series of tests that will be included in the final report.

Tentative conclusions based on the District's testing are:

1. All aggregates used had stripping characteristics.

2. There was no conclusive evidence that lime has significant effects on stability, density and other physical characteristics.

3. Lime decreased stripping tendency.

4. Maximum improvement in stripping was achieved with 11/2% lime added to the total aggregates - less quantity gave some reduction. With aggregates used, 11R% lime appears to be the optimum amount of lime.

5. Adding dry lime to the pug mill was the least effective method used.

6. The most effective method of adding lime was slurry spray.

7. The benefit of lime slurry does not increase with the time it is in contact with aggregate. Results from adding slurry on cold feed belt, curing in stockpile for 2 days and curing in stockpile for 30 days are essentially the same. One advantage of stockpiling is that excess moisture drains out and does not have to be removed in the dryer.

8. The Texas Boiling Test is.an effective method for determining stripping characteristics of aggregates.

4

At this stage of the research it appears that lime slurry treatment of stripping aggregates is the most effective. District Seventeen has ini~

tiated a policy requiring lime treatment of all aggregates that strip more than 30% when subjected to the Texas Boiling Test. This treatment wi 11 be in the form of lime slurry with 11/2% lime by weight of the aggregate being treated. Special Provisions to Specification Items 292 and 340 are contained in Appendix E.

5

z 0 -I IT! .. n ~ r IT! (J)

c: (J) IT! 0

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-I ::I:

~

AVERAGE CYCLES

N 01 ~

AGGR. 0 0 0 0 0

SIZE

I I '

-20 +35 UNTREATED PEA GRVL. {UN CRUSHED)

I I I -20 +35 UNTREATED PEA GRVL.(CRUSHED)

I I I -40 +80 UNTREATED FIELD SAND

z I I C -20 +35 _ UNTREATED WASHED SAND

I I· <

-20 +35

-20 +35

-40 +80

-20 +35

-20 +35

-20 +35

-40 +80

-20 +35

~.S. FIELD SAND I

o

I

N o

C D.L. PEA GRVL.(UNCRUSHED) C

I . ~ D.L. PEA GRVL. (CRUSHED)

l> (i) (i) :::0 f'Tl (i)

~ L.S. PEA GRVL.(UNCRUSHED) ~

I L.S. PEA GRVL. (CRUSHED)

-I ITI X l> CJ)

" ::0 ITI

rrrl l>N tDlTI 01 :::0-1 ~:J: ~~ -< 3:"lJ _ITI xo

ITI CJ)

~ r -I ITI CJ) -I

TEXAS FREEZE-THAW PEDESTAL TEST LABORATORY MIX

COMPLETE MIXTURE AGGREGATE ASPHALT

62 % PEA GRAVEL 15 % WASHED SAND 23 % FIELD SAND

5.0 % EXXON AC- 20

x ::l!! ~ ....J <{

~ if o (j) 40-----1--· -<[,---

2 2

~ X

(\J

I

Z ....J W

::l!! ~ 0:: 10 (!)

I x <{

::l!! w 0..

....J Q

~ W I

~--~ 2

0::

° 0 uj ....J ....J

~ Q (\J

I Q 2 <{ (j)

Q ....J W lL..

uj ....J ::l!! ~ 30 ----------~----------

° <5 0:: W I-(!) 2 <{ 0 5 20--° ~ G3

~ W 0:: I-10--2--=>

~ Q (\J

~ I Q--X

(\J ::l!! I ....J

Q ~ 2 <{ 0 (j) l---Q 2 W I u5 (j)

~ .J

NOTE: AGGREGATE SIZES USED IN SPECIMENS WERE: PEA GRAVEL -20 + 35 WASHED SAND -20 + 35 FIELD SAND -40+80

~ Q

0 rQ I x--50 ::l!! ....J

~ 0 I---40 2

uj .J

CYCLES USED WERE 15 HOURS FREEZE AND 9 HOURS THAW.

FIGURE 2

7

" -G') c

CDI::.u JTI

01 I

I I\)

o o

% STRIPPED

01 ~ o 0 I

I I

(f) o

I I

SAND

L.S. IN WASHED SAND- 5 MIN.

~ o

I

(Jl

o o CD o

<.0 0 9

I I

UNTREATED WASHED SAND

I

ATED PEA GRAVEL I I

I I

o

I

I

o o

z --I 0 ITI - rx < l>]> 0 CD en C 0 l> ::OlD r ~O

0-l> ::or G') -<2 Ci) G> ::0 I'T1 3:--1 Ci) XITI !:t en I'T1 --I CJ)

Cl W 0...

TEXAS BOILING TEST LABORATORY M I X

AGGREGATE


-x ::i!: -l o a:: I-

COMPLETE MIXTURE ASPHALT

5.0 % EXXON AC-20

50,---5--------------------------------------------50 g Cl W

~ 401---~ .... -.~--

IZ ::J

----------------------------40

0... 30---a:: ICJ)

2lJ~·---

FIGURE 4

9

(,!) z a.. a..

FILM STRIPPING TEX-218-F LABORATORY M I X


62% PEA GRAVEL 1 5 % WASHED SAND 23% FIELD SAND

X

...J 0 0:: I-Z

5.0 % EXXON AC - 20

0 40---Q ---------'-----(\.1-->:-----------4o I <t

0 x -w ::E

Cl 0 Z <t C\I

t( ...J (/) I

g: 30 w ~ 0:: I- 0

00>: 0 z <:( ----z--...J--<t--·o--C\l-------c30 _ W(/)I ~

(/) Z I-

~ :::J Z I 0 a.. (/) <t

2 z

::E ~ C\I X 0 o I W a:: ::E 0

(,!) ...J f{)

<t I --:>----~--b--x--20

a.. I- ::E ...J ci <ri <ri

.J .J 10 r---ll- ---10

FIGURE 5

10

TEXAS BOILING TEST PLANT MIX

(WEIGH-BATCH PLANT)


0 w a.. a.. -a:: l-e/)

~ 0


X :'2! ..J o

5.0% EXXON AC-20

30~-····---_a::_----,----------------·--:"I( I-z o g

I-z ::>

:'2!

x -:'2!

Z

..J ci

FIGURE 6

II

~ 0 C\J I

-:'2!

z uj ..J

5

0

% STRIPPED l>

0 (]I 0 (J'I N-o) G> 01 (]I N G> :::!:! :::!:!:::!:! ::0 o 0 0 ITI

'TJ;E -u G> -l> ITI l>

UNTREATED (CONTROL MIX) ITI 00 l> ~ r:c ITI

I 01TlG> 00 0 ::0

D. L. IN TOTAL MIX fCOLD FEED BELT) l>oo~ Zl>1TI

I i °zr D.L. IN TOTAL MIX (WITH FINES) 0 --I -I ('") 0 IT1 I 0 ::c X L.S. IN TOTAL MIX -<

I 3: fT1 1> -0 ::c-o(/) r

'TJ ~.s. FIELD SAND fT1 orO) G>

L.S. WAs1ED SAND

-4 ::cl>O - c fT1 c Z -N ::0 3:-4r

ITI I 3: -o3::Z

...... L.S. PEA GRAVEL X rxG'>

I I -4 l> --I c Z

L.S. IN TOTAL MIX- 2 DAY ::0 -4 IT1

I I fT1 - (J)

--I IELD SAND-2 DAY

I I (]I l> . 00

L.S. WASHED SAND - 2 DAY o -u

I I :::!:! :c o l>

L.S. PEA GRAVEL - 2 DAY ITI ~

I I I

X X 0

L.S. IN TOTAL MIX- 30 DAY Z

1 l> (")

I N

(]I 0

0 (J'I

~

FILM STRIPPING TEX-218-F PLANT MIX

AGGREGATE


25,--~---~

(WEIGH -BATCH PLAf.JT)

COMPLETE MIXTURE ASPHALT

5.0 % EXXON AC - 20

-x ::e .-J 0 a:: I--------------------25

z 0 g Cl W

~ ::e w a:: I- ~ Z ~ ~ a.. .......

z 15----- 5 a.. a.. a:: I-00

::e .-J

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.-J

ci

FIGURE 8

13

C\I I

X -::e .-J 0

~ 0 I-Z -u:i ~

% STRIPPED l>

0 01 0 01 1\)-0'> G) OJ 011\) G) ~~~ ::0 o 0 0 IT!

." ;E""O G)

UNTREAiED (CONTROL MIX) IT! ):> IT! ~ r (J) l> IT! 0~G) (J)o::O

D. L. IN TOTAL MIX (COLD FEED BELT) l> ~

I I z(J)1T! .." o~r -

L. IN TOTAL MIX (WITH FINES) 0 r i (") - s:: I 0

N TOTAL MIX 0 :::0 en

I SO; -< --I ." ITI -0 :::0

." ~ LS. FIELD SAND r :::0 r -

-. L.S. WAslED SAND

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- c ITI C -I Z ~ ::0

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<.0 L.S PEA GRAVEL X -ox --I

I I -I r IT1 C l> X

L. S. IN TOTAL MIX- 2 DAY :::0 Z I -I I I rr1 - f\)

L.S. FIELD SAND - 2 DAY CD

I I 01 l> I

.." . (J) L.S. WASHED SAND - 2 DAY o ""0

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L. S. PEA GRAVE L - 2 DAY IT!~

I I x ~

L.S. IN TOTAL MIX- 30 DAY z

I f)

I I\)

0 01 - 0 0 01

~

APPENDIX A

Code

M

M

L

L

H

C

o

B

K

o

N

J

E

G

G

F

A

APPENnI X A

LOCATION OF TEST SECTIONS MH 240 PROJECT NO. DP J017(3)etc.

All mix placed left of centerline (Eastside). Mix produced by Dryer Drum Plant unless noted.

Limits

124+80 to 128+80

124+40 to 128+00

121+80 to 124+80

121+85 to 124+40

107+90 to 113+80

81+85 to 87+55

87+55 to 93+60

74+40 to 81+85

116+20 to 121+85

128+80 to 135+55

128+00 to 133+70

114+85 to 120+90

93+60 to 98+15

109+80 to 116+20

102+55 to 104+60

105+60 to 107+90

98+15 to 102+55

64+75 to 70+50

Lane

Outside

Inside

Outside

Inside

Outside

Outside

Outside

Outside

Inside

Outside

Inside

Outside

Outside

Inside

Outside

Outside

Outside

I ns ide

Description

Untreated (Control Mix) Batch Plant

Untreated (Control Mix) Batch Plant

Dry Lime - Total Mix (Batch Plant)

Dry Lime - Total Mix (Batch Plant)

Two Day Lime Slurry - Total Mix (Batch Plant)

Untreated (Control Mix)

Dry Lime - Total Mix

Dry Lime - Total Mix (added with Fines)

Lime Slurry - Total Mix

Lime Slurry - Field Sand

Lime Slurry - Washed Sand

Lime Slurry - Pea Gravel

Two Day Lime Slurry - Total Mix

Two Day Lime Slurry - Field Sand

Two Day Lime Slurry - Washed Sand

Two Day Lime Slurry - Washed Sand

Two Day Lime Slurry - Pea Gravel

Thirty Day Lime Slurry - Total Mix

Date Placed

8-19-82

8-19-82

8-19-82

8-19-82

8-30-82

9-08-82

8-30-82

9-08-82

8-28-82

8-28-82

8-28-82

8-28-82

8-30-82

8-30-82

8-30-82

8-30-82

8-30-82

9-27-82

APPENDIX B

APPENDIX B

17-B2-HMAC-21

The District Seventeen Laboratory has completed a Design for, A Test Section, using 1.5% Lime as an Anti-Stripping Agent, to be used on MH 240 in Brazos County. Material used in this Design were 62% Processed Gravel, 15% Washed Sand from Gifford Hill and 23% Field Sand from Heath Pit.

This Design was made under Laboratory Identification Number 17-B2-HMAC-21. Exxon AC-20 Asphalt was in the Mix. Density, Hveem Stability and Cohesiometer Values are shown in Tabular and Graphical Form within this Report.

TABLE I ORIGINAL SIEVE ANALYSIS

ITEM SIEVE PROCESSED WASHED FIELD LAB 340 SIZE GRAVEL SAND SAND GRADING SPECS:

1 0 0 0 "2

~-3/B 0.4 0 0.3 0-5

3/B-4 61. 6 3.6 3B.7 20-50

4-10 35.5 1B.7 24.B 10-30

+10 (63.B) 50-70

10-40 2.0 49.3 0.4 B.7 0-30

40-BO 0.2 26.2 4B.0 15.0 4-25

BO-200 0.1 1.7 44.B 10.7 3-25

-200 0.2 0.5 6.B loB 0-6

TABLE II PROPORTIONING OF MATERIALS

PROCESSED WASHED FIELD GRAVEL SAND SAND

62% 15% 23%

ASPHALT CONTENT

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

6.0

SIEVE SIZE

TABLE II I TEST RESULTS BY ASPHALT CONTENT

% HVEEM DENSITY STABI LITY

92.8 39

94.1 40

95.5 41

96.4 37

97.6 34

TABLE IV SPECIFIC GRAVITY

PROCESSED GRAVEL

2.639

WASHED SAND

2.615

2.637

COHESIOMETER VALUES

129

138

164

130

122

FIELD SAND

2.637

2.709

The Combined Specific Gravity of the Aggregate is 2.646. The Specific Gravity of Exxon AC-20 Asphalt is 1.028.

APPENDIX B

.. _ ft· ....

File T. 98 APPEN D1 X B

SOILS AND BASE MATERIALS TEST REPORT Laboratory No. __ --'I!:l'"'7.~-8~2.,;.-_"1 ... 1~4 ____ _ Date Rec'd ___ Reported -----En~n~r ________________________ __ Addreu ________________ _

Control Number SecUoD NUD\ber

Brazos Job HUlDber

MH 240 Count7 reeler&! Project No. 81.11"'&7 No.

Contractor YounS Bros. Sampler Bobby Jft Haile

l7 6-82 D18 .... lot No. LP.JD. No. Req. No.

Sampler's Title Ensi0eer1os Tecb-V. ___ _ Specification Item No. ___________ _ Sampled From ... D"'eo,gsld,l.S"o ________ _ Material from Property of ________ _ Pndu~ ______________________________ __

Quantity Represented by Sample ______ _ Has ~n Used on _____________ _ Proposed for Use 8.8 Test Section on MIl 240

DESIIIID KEASIllED DEX:ANT D1i!T.Ti"1'1i' b SAND '1 SB

1ID1U. Den. Mollt. Dry Den ATION lOOS ~ Lab. 110. LL PI ('l;) (pet) ('1) (pet)

17-82-ll4 21 3 0.6 0.0 85

FIELI SAND (COMB ~ED AGG

4

PERCENT RETAINED ON

Square Me.h Sieve Oraln Dlam.

LA.b No. Opening In Inches Sle\'e Numbe,.. In ~~l11lmeter. 8pecUIc

Gravity

3 2\S 2 u4 1 ~, % '" .. 4 10 20 40 GO 100 ZOO .05 .005 .001

. I I I

SAMPLE IDENTIFICATION

Lab. No. Identlftcatlon Mark .. LocaUon-Proportlee--SUltlon Numberll Type of Materlab

17-82-114 17-82-HMAC-21 Processed Gravel, Washed Sand, and Field Sand

•

APPENDIX B STATE. r:'FPA~T"",F;.T nF PAGE ,.

""Ir, ... I4I"yS ,,"10 ~IJBllC T;.c4;~~pnkTATlnN

DJ~!stCN n~ "Al~RIAlS A~D TESTS AU5'1~, TExAS 7A7"]

rOQR~cTEn R~PORT R ASPHALTIC CONCRETE STA~I~ITV REPORT O·q CHARGES 105.00

.CU~TRACT NO. H,Q NO. IPf. E'_NCHN[ER __ CARUL ZEIGLUL __ ..... CONTRACTOR

CONTROL .... IPE 300 PROJECT ulS T 17 cn

**-*._**** ••• _***-*- •• **-*.** •• *.****.**********.********-***.******************** LABORATURy NO.H8ZI0t777. DATE RECO n~/15/e2 nATE REPTO 06/l~/82

"'ATEP IlL TYPE D .PRODUCEH IDENTIFICATION "AH~8 SAMPLED FROM DESIGN

DATE SAMPLED 06/11/&2 tODE 0000000000 CODE 000

SPEe. ITEM 4)3110 U~If

***** ••• **************.********************************* •• ***********************~ SAMPLE SPEC. tDENT. COHESIO~ETPR ~SPHALT SPEC. SPEC.oENS. HVEE~ NUM8ER NO. MAPKS' VAlut CAVG.) (% PY MT. FIFLO STABILITV

1 2 1

1 a :5

1 2 :3

t 2 , 1 2 l

17 .. SZ-HMAC -21

17 .. e2.H~AC .. 21

11 ... S2-Ht>l/d'.: .21

17-eZ-HMAC -21

12&1 l'!8 1153

lob 11I8 178

14S 117 1~6

131 124 122 110

wT., (IN.) (AVG. l) Cl)(AVG.%)

2~O(1 3Q 2 .. 00 lq 39 2.01 ;SCI

2.01 38 2.01 l~ ~9 2.00 41

2.01'1 41 2.00 ,,0 uo 2.0(\ un

2 e Of! 31 2.0t If. 3ts 2a 02 3~

1.99 3:!t 1.qP- 33 35 1.qq 33

Rf:.""AR!'(Sa CLlRRFcTINb SP!;.C. HT. C"J SA~PlE IJ/Jq sPt:.c. ,n PRt'v101 I SLV ~EprHHEI'I ON f,-\!:I .. a2

._._******************************* * ~VEEM STAdI~ITV * * AND/O~ COHfSIUMtT~~ * * VAluFS * * MEET SPECIFICATION * **********************.-.**********

JUN I? 1982

•

APPEND! X C

Untreated 1. Field Sand 2. Washed Sand

SUMMARY OF TESTS PERFORMED BY DISTRICT SEVENTEEN

(Laboratory Mix)

Texas Freeze-Thaw Pedestal Test

3. Coarse Aggregate (Natural) 4. Coarse Aggregate (Crushed) 5. Complete Mixture - Field Sand, Washed Sand and Coarse

Aggregate (Crushed)

Dry Lime Added 1. Fie 1 d Sand 2. Washed Sand 3. Coarse Aggregate (Natural) 4. Coarse Aggregate (Crushed) 5. Complete Mixture - Field Sand, Washed Sand and Coarse

Aggregate (Crushed)

Lime added to Asphalt prior to application to Aggregate. 1. Complete Mixture - Field Sand, Washed Sand and Coarse

Aggregate (Crushed)

Lime Slurry on Aggregate five minutes 1. Complete Mixture - Field Sand, Washed Sand and Coarse

Aggregate (Crushed)

Lime Slurry on Aggregate for 2 Days 1. Field Sand 2. Washed Sand 3. Coarse Aggregate (Natural) 4. Coarse Aggregate (Crushed) 5. Complete Mixture - Field Sand treated, Washed Sand untreated

and Coarse Aggregate (Crushed) untreated 6. Complete Mixture - Field Sand untreated, Washed Sand treated

and Coarse Aggregate (Crushed) untreated 7. Complete Mixture - Field Sand untreated, Washed Sand untreated

and Coarse Aggregate (Crushed) treated 8. Complete Mixture - All Aggregates treated

Lime Slurry on Aggregates for 30 Days 1. Complete Mixture - All Aggregates treated

APPENDIX C-1

Untreated

Texas Boiling Test, Film Stripping (TEX-218-F), and Pressure Wetting & Unconfined Compression (TEX-126-E)

1. Complete Mixture - All Aggregates

Dry Lime added 1. Complete Mixture - All Aggregates treated

Dry Lime added to Asphalt prior to application to Aggregate 1. Complete Mixture

Lime Slurry on Aggregate for 5 Minutes 1. Complete Mixture

Lime Slurry on Aggregate for 2 Days 1. Complete Mixture - Field Sand treated, Washed Sand untreated

and Coarse Aggregate untreated 2. Complete Mixture - Field Sand untreated, Washed Sand treated

and Coarse Aggregate untreated 3. Complete Mixture - Field Sand untreated, Washed Sand untreated

and Coarse Aggregate treated 4. Complete Mixture - All Aggregates treated

Lime Slurry on Aggregates for 30 Days 1. Complete Mixture - All Aggregates treated

APPENDIX C-1

The lime added in all cases was li% based on weight of the aggregate. Lime slurry was 70-30 mixture by weight. All aggregates treated with lime slurry were stored in air tight container for their respective curing time. After curing, aggregates were dried as fast as possible prior to addition of asphalt.

The design proposed for control was l7-82-HII1AC-21 (attached). All laboratory mix was 5.0% asphalt.

--_ ........ _-- --------.. ---~----~.~~ ...... ---

•

TEXAS FREEZE-THAW PEDESTAL TEST LABORATORY MIX

Individual Aggregates

Description

Untreated Pea Gravel (Uncrushed)

Untreated Pea Gravel (Crushed)

Untreated Field Sand

Untreated Washed Sand

1. 5% Dry Lime added to Pea Grave 1 (Uncrushed)

1. 5% Dry Lime added to Pea Grave 1 (Crushed)

1. 5% Dry Lime added to Field Sand

1. 5% Dry Lime added to Washed Sand

1. 5% Lime Slurry added to Pea Gravel (Uncrushed)

1. 5% Lime Slurry added to Pea Grave 1 (Crushed)

1. 5% Lime Slurry added to Field Sand

1. 5% Lime Slurry added to Washed Sand

Note: Cycles used were 15 hours freeze and 9 hours thaw.

Aggr Size

(Sieve)

-20 +35

-20 +35

-40 +80

-20 +35

-20 +35

-20 +35

APPEN 01 X C-2

Average Cycle

18

4

3

2

-40 +80 4

-20 +35 4

-20 +35

-20 +35

-40 +80 8

-20 +35 5

TEXAS FREEZE-THAW PEDESTAL TEST LABORATORY MI X

COMPLETE MIXTURE

Description

Untreated

Aggregate 62% Pea Grave 1 15% Washed Sand 23% Field Sand

1.5% Dry Lime added to Total Mix

Asphalt 5.0% Exxon AC-20

1.5% Dry Lime by wt. of Aggregate added to Asphalt

1.5% Lime Slurry added to Total Mix (5 Min.)

1.5% Lime Slurry added to Crushed Pea Gravel (2 Days)

1.5% Lime Slurry added to Field Sand (2 Days)

1.5% Lime Slurry added to Washed Sand (2 Days)

1.5% Lime Slurry added to Total Mix (2 Days)


Note: Aggregate sizes used in specimens were: Pea Gravel -20 +35 Washed Sand -20 +35 Field Sand -40 +80

Cycles used were 15 hours freeze and 9 hours thaw.

APPENDIX C-2

Average Cycles

5

26

24

Oeser; on

TEXAS BOILING TEST LABORATORY MIX

Individual Aggregates

Untreated Field Sand

1.5% Lime Slurry added (5 Min.)

Untreated Washed Sand


Untreated Pea Gravel


Percent Stripping

20

2

83

18

68

1

APPENDIX C-3

Oeser; ion

TEXAS BOILING TEST LABORATORY MIX

Complete Mixture

Aggregate 62% Pea Gravel 15% Washed Sand 23% Field Sand

Aspha It 5.0% Exxon AC-20


1.5% Dry Lime added

1.5% Dry Lime by wt. of Aggregate added to Asphalt




1.5% Lime Slurry added to Pea Gravel (2 Days)



APPENDIX C-3

Percent Stripping

33

7

7

5

8

4

8

4

4

•

Descri on

FILM STRIPPING TEX-218-F LABORATORY MI X

Complete llilixture


Aspha lt 5.0% Exxon AC-20


1.5% Dry Lime Added to Total Mix

1.5% Dry Lime (by wt. of Aggregate) added to Asphalt







APPENDIX C-4

Percent Stripping

23

17

11

5

20

12

10

10

2

PRESSURE WETTING AND UNCONFINED COMPRESSION TEX-126-E

LABORATORY MIX

Complete Mixture

Aggregate Asphalt 62% Pea Gravel 15% Washed Sand 23% Field Sand

5.0% Exxon AC-20

Description





1.5% Dry Lime by wt. of Total Aggr added to Asph

1.5% Dry Lime by wt. of Total Aggr added to Asph








1. 5% Lime Slurry added to Pea Grave 1 (2 Days)





Density P.C.F.

151.14

151. 49

151.19

151.13

151.11

150.98

151. 32

151.08

151.12

151.39

151. 31

151. 40

151.08

151.14

151. 23

151.24

151.30

151. 25

Strength PSI

(.15/1/min)

11.6

11.6

17.3

17.3

20.2

17.9

15.0

13.3

13.9

13.9

15.6

15.6

17.9

19.1

16.2

16.8

16.2

16.8

APPENDIX C-5

% Water with pyc

0.23

0.24

0.15

0.11

0.13

0.15

0.10

0.20

0.24

0.30

0.20

0.24

0.14

0.17

0.15

0.12

0.09

0.10

•

APPENDIX D

SUMMARY OF TESTS PERFORMED BY DISTRICT SEVENTEEN

(Plant Mix)

Texas Boiling Test, Film Stripping (TEX-218-F), and Pressure Wetting & Unconfined Compression (TEX-126-E)

COMPLETE MIXTURE


1. Untreated (Control Mix)(Batch Plant)

2. Untreated (Control Mix)(Drum Plant)

3. Dry Lime added to Total Mix (Pug Mill)

Aspha 1t 5.0% Exxon AC-20

4. Dry Lime added to Total Mix (Cold Feed Belt)(Drum Plant)

5. Dry Lime added with Fines (Drum Plant)

6. Lime Slurry added to Field Sand (Drum Plant)

7. Lime Slurry added to Washed Sand (Drum Plant)

8. Lime Slurry added to Pea Gravel (Drum Plant)

9. Lime Slurry added to Total Mix (Drum Plant)

10. Lime Slurry added to Field Sand (Drum Plant)(2 Days)

11. Lime Slurry added to Washed Sand (Drum Plant)(2 Days)

12. Lime Slurry added to Pea Gravel (Drum Plant)(2 Days)

13. Lime Slurry added to Total Mix (Drum Plant)(2 Days)

14. Lime Slurry added to Total Mix (Batch Plant)(2 Days)

15. Lime Slurry added to Total Mix (Drum Plant)(30 Days)

APPENDIX D-1


(Weigh Batch Plant) COMPLETE MIXTURE


5.0% Exxon AC-20

Description


1.5% Dry Lime added to Total Mix (Pug Mill)


Percent Stri

20

10

o

APPENDIX D-2 •

.'

..

"

•


(Dryer Drum Plant) COMPLETE MIXTURE


5.0% Exxon AC-20

Description


1.5% Dry Lime added to Total Mix (Cold Feed Belt)

1.5% Dry Lime added to Total Mix (with Fines)

1.5% Lime Slurry added to Total Mix

1.5% Lime Slurry added to Field Sand

1.5% Lime Slurry added to Washed Sand

1.5% Lime Slurry added to Pea Gravel






Percent Stripping

10

5

7

o

4

5

4

a

2

5

3

a

APPENDIX 0-2

FILM STRIPPING TEX-218-F PLANT I~IX

(Weigh Batch Plant) COMPLETE MIXTURE


5.0% Exxon AC-20

Description


1.5% Dry Lime added to Total Mix (Pug Mill)


Percent Stripping

15

5

2

APPENDIX 0-3 ..

..

to

FILM STRIPPING TEX-218-F PLANT MIX



5.0% Exxon AC-20

Description













Percent Stripping

10

5

4

2

5

5

4

o o o

o o

APPEND! X 0-3

PRESSURE WETTING AND UNCONFINED COMPRESSION < TEX-126-E

PLANT MIX (Weigh Batch Plant)

COMPLETE MIXTURE

Aggregate Asphalt 62% Pea Grave 1 5.0% Exxon AC-20 15% Washed Sand 23% Field Sand

Density Description P.C.F.

Untreated (Control Mix) 151.16

Untreated (Control Mix) 151. 48

1. 5% Dry Lime added to Total Mix (Pug Mill) 145.69

1. 5% Dry Lime added to Total Mix (Pug Mill) 147.09

1.5% Lime Slurry added to Total Mix (2 Days) 150.93

1.5% Lime Slurry added to Total Mix (2 Days) 151. 02

AP PEN 0 I X D- 4

•

% Water Strength with

PSI pyc

22.0 0.20

20.2 0.20

11. 6 1.40

13.3 1. 00

17.3 0.00

18.5 0.00

PRESSURE WETTING AND UNCONFINED COMPRESSION TEX-126-E PLANT MIX



Asphalt 5.0% Exxon AC-20

APPENDIX 0-4

% Water Density Strength with

Description

























P.C.F. PSI pyc

151. 58

151. 24

151. 99

151. 69

152.27

152.07

150.07

149.97

151.39

151. 59

151. 40

151. 91

151. 31

151.47

151. 53

151. 61

151. 48

151. 82

151.89

151. 88

151.27

150.92

151.14

151.12

28.9

26.0

23.1

23.7

26.0

27.2

24.3

23.7

25.4

27.2

27.7

30.1

28.3

31. 2

19.1

20.2

23.1

26.0

20.2

19.1

19.7

17.9

23.1

22.0

0.08

0.07

0.06

0.08

0.08

0.08

0.00

0.00

0.12

0.10

0.13

0.12

0.09

0.09

0.03

0.02

0.12

0.09

0.10

0.14

0.05

0.07

0.12

0.12

APPENDIX E

SPECIAL PROVISION

TO

ITEM 292

ASPHALT STABILIZED BASE

[PLANT MIX)

APPENDIX E

For this project the Item "Asphalt Stabilized Base" of the Standard Specifications, is hereby amended with respect to the clauses cited below and no other clauses or requirements of this item are waived or changed hereby.

Article 292.2 Materials, (2) Mineral Aggregate is hereby supplemented by the following:

Mineral aggregates from each source will be tested for susceptibility to asphalt stripping. If, in the opinion of the Engineer, aggregates are susceptible to stripping, lime will be added at the rate of 0.5% to 2.0% by weight for each aggregate or combination of aggregates, as directed by the Eng~neer. The lime shall meet the requirements of the Item, "Hydrated Lime and Lime Slurry", and ' may be Type A or Type B. The lime shall be added as a slurry. The Contractor shall provide necessary equipment for mixing, handling, metering, and dispensing the lime slurry. The lime slurry may be added to the aggregate immediately prior to its introduction into the drier; added to the aggregate in the cold feed;

• or added to the aggregate prior to stockpiling, The method of application of lime will be such that the lime is thoroughly mixed with the aggregate being treated. Lime-treated stockpiles shall be used within 15 days after the addition,

• of lime. In the event that lime is lost from the treated stockpile because of rain or other conditions, the aggregate shall be re-treated at the Contractor's expense.

J

ArtiCle 292.8 Measurement is supplemented by the following:

Lime slurry, when required by the Engineer for anti-stripping purposes, will be measured by the ton of 2000 pounds, dry weight of Lime CTy A or B) adled to the aggregate or aggregates. The Engineer shall make sufficient checks of the metering equipment to insure that the specified amount of lime is being applied to the aggregate. The quantity of lime added to the paving mixture and measured for payment shall be calculated based upon the rates specified by the Engineer.

Article 292.9 Payment is supplemented by the following:

(4) Lime slurry, when required by tho EngIneer for antistripping purposes. will be paid for at the unit price bid for "Lime (Type A or B) (Antistrip)", which price shall be full compensation for furnishing lime. application of lime. and providing all necessary equipment for mixing, handling,. metering ,and dispensing the 'lime slurry, and all labor and incidentals to complete the '1/0rk.

SPECIAL PROVISION

TO ITEM 340

HOT MIX ASPHALTIC CONCRETE PAVEMENT

For this project the Item "Hot Mix Asphaltic Concrete Pavement" of the Standard Specifications, is hereby amended with respect to the clauses cited below and no other clauses or requirements of this item are waived or changed hereby.

Article 340.2 Materials, (1) Mineral Aggre1gate is hereby supplemented by the following:

Hineral aggregates from each source wiB, be tested for susceptibility to asphalt stripping. If, in the opinion of the Engineer, aggregates are susceptible to stripping, lime will be added at the rate of 0.5% to 2.0% by weight for each aggregate or combination of aggregates, as directed by the Engineer. The lime shall meet the requirements of the Item, "Hydrated Lime and Lime Slurry," and may be Type A or Type B. The lime shall be added as a slurry. The Contractor shall provide necessary equipment for mixing, handling, metering, and dispensing the lime slurry. The lime slurry may be added to the aggregate immediately prior to its introduction into the drier; added to the aggregate in the cold feed; or added to the aggregate prior to stockpiling. The method of application of lime will be such that the lime is thoroughly mixed with the aggregate being treated. Lime-treated stockpiles shall be used within 15 days after the addition of lime. In the event that lime is lost from the treated stockpile because of rain or other conditions, the aggregate shall be re-treated at the Contractor's expense.

Article 340.7 Measurement is supplemented by the following:

Lime slurry, when required by the Engineer for anti-stripping purposes, will be measured by the ton of 2000 pounds. dry weight of Lime (Ty A or B) added to the aggregate or aggregates. The Engineer shall make sufficient checks of the metering equipment to insure that the specified amount of lime is being applied to the aggregate. The quantity of lime added to the paving mixture and measured for payment shall be calculated based upon the rates specified by the Engineer.

Article 340.8 Payment is supplemented by the following:

(4) Lime slurry, when required by the Engineer for antistripping purposes, will be paid for at the unit price bid for "Lime (Type A or B) (Antistrip)", which price sha 11 be full compensation for furni shing lime, application of lime, and providing all necessary equipment for mixing, handling, metering and dispensing the lime slurry, and all labor and incidentals to complete the work.

APPEND! X E

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, , !'

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