The Effects of Bisindolymaleimide on Long

Term Memory in Gryllus Bimaculatus

Manhasset Science Research

Paris Thatos

NeedLong-term trend in drug-related deaths

(Gotz, 2004)

Percentage of People Experiencing a Mental Disorder in their Lives

(Gallaher, 2007)

Fig 1. Shows trend in drug related deaths. Fig 2. A graph showing % of people experiencing mental disorders

Long Term Potentiation

(Kanehisa, 1999)Fig. 3 The Process of Long Term Potentiation

The complex chemical processes that form long-term memories (Cook, 2006)

PKC (Protein Kinase C)

Has many isoforms (PKMzeta,PKMa)(Abel, 2004)

Fig 4. Process of PKC interaction in Long term Potentiation

Olfactory Memory Capacity of the Cricket Gryllus Bimaculatus

Yukihisa Matsumoto, Biology Letters

Yukihisa Matsumoto

Fig 5. Olfactory Preferences of crickets trained to associate Scent A with water reward and Scent B with saline punishment

Place Memory in Crickets

Jan Wessnitzer, Biology Letters

Fig 6. Mean time (seconds) taken for cricket to find cool spot

Wessnitzer, 2008

Bisindolylmaleimide is a Potent and Selective Inhibitor of PKC

Dominique Toullec, The Journal of Biological Chemistry

Toullec, 2005

Fig 7. The concentrations of PKC when exposed to Bisindolylmaleimide, and the concentrations of a PKC isotype

The levels of PKC and PKAThe levels of PKC and PKA

Formation of Long-term Olfactory Memory in the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus Makoto Mizunami,

2005, Chem. Senses

Makoto, 2006

Fig 8. A diagram of the head of the cricket. Brain (In blue) is where PKC is believed to be contained in.

Purpose/Hypothesis The purpose of this experiment is to see

whether Bisindolymaleide disrupts long term memories in Gryllus Bimaculatus when treated with it pre- and post- conditioning

H(a) - It is hypothesized that with all administeringings of Bisindolymaleide, the number of retained associations will be significantly lower, and it will take more time to complete the heat maze

Crickets (Gryllus Bimaculatus) n=120

Statistically analyzed with a one-way ANOVA (to find statistic significance) followed by a Scheffe post-hoc test (p<0.05)

Trained to associate one scent with reward and one scent with

punishmentAlso, trained to run heat maze

Control group n=30Reward/Punishment for scent test is water/saline solutionGiven water after each heat maze run

Variable group n=30Reward/Punishment for scent test is water/saline solution (+)Given water after each heat maze run

Variable group n=30Reward/Punishment for scent test is water/saline solutionGiven Water (+5M)after each heat maze run

Variable group n=30Reward/Punishment for scent test is water/saline solution (+5M), Given Water (+5M)after each heat maze run

Time spent on each scent is recorded for all groups, and time spent finding cool spot in heat maze also recorded

Protocol Gryllus Bimaclatus scent conditioning Obtaining specific concentration of Bisindolylmaleimide Exposure to scents to test whether negative or positive

connotations were preserved Recording of time spent on top of each conditioned scent Gryllus Bimaculatus Heat Maze training Recording of time spent for each heat maze run

Scent Conditioning Scent Testing

(Matsumoto, 2006)

BudgetVendor Catalog # page/website Description Quantity Unit $ Total $

EMDbiosciences 203290http://www.emdbiosciences.com Bisindolylmaleimide 1 $40.00 $40.00

Carolina 143550 http://carolina.com/ Crickets (Living Adults) 1 $6.75 $6.75

Carolina 143565 http://carolina.com/ House Cricket Food 2 $6.25 $12.50

Carolina 695145 http://carolina.com/ Sense of Smell Kit 1 $49.25 $49.25

Carolina 199606 http://carolina.com/ Plastic Syringe 1 $3.85 $3.85

Carolina 198697 http://carolina.com/ Distilled Water 1 $6.75 $6.75

Carolina 721207 http://carolina.com/ Pyrex Beaker 100ml 4 $3.65 $14.60

Walmart - http://walmart.com/ Plastic Bin 5 $10 $50

Walmart - http://walmart.com/ Electrical Skillet 1 $80 $80

Empire Metal - - Brass Cylinder 1 - -

Home Depot - Rubber Tubing 1 $7 $7

Home Depot - - Hose Section 1 $10 $10

$280.70 Total

Do-ability Materials already stocked in lab:Plastic SyringeWaterSodium ChloridePyrex Beaker

Materials not stocked can be obtained, and protocols are straightforward, and not particularly complex

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kinase Mzeta is necessary and sufficient for LTP maintenance". Nat. Neurosci. 5 (4): 295-6. Serrano P, Yao Y, Sacktor T (2005). "Persistent phosphorylation by protein kinase Mzeta

maintains late-phase long-term potentiation". J Neurosci 25 (8): 1979-84. Pastalkova E, Serrano P, Pinkhasova D, Wallace E, Fenton A, Sacktor T (2006). "

Storage of spatial information by the maintenance mechanism of LTP". Science 313 (5790): 1141-4

Cooke SF, Bliss TV (2006). "Plasticity in the human central nervous system". Brain 129 (Pt 7): 1659-73

Boron, Walter F. (2005). Medical Physiology: A Cellular And Molecular Approach. Elsevier/Saunder

Clugnet, MC; LeDoux JE (01 Aug 1990). "Synaptic plasticity in fear conditioning circuits: induction of LTP in the lateral nucleus of the amygdala by stimulation of the medial geniculate body." (PDF). J Neurosci 10 (8): 2818-24.

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Toullec, Bisindolylmaleimide is a Potent and Selective Inhibitor of PKC, Biology Letters, p15711 – 15781

Olfactory Memory Capacity of the Cricket Gryllus Bimaculatus, Matsumoto, Biology Letters, volume 4, p608 - 610

Jan Wessnitzer, Place Memory in Crickets, Biology Letters, Volume 275, January 2008, pg 915 - 921