The Educational Philosophies of the World’s Greatest Philosophers
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Transcript of The Educational Philosophies of the World’s Greatest Philosophers
The Educational Philosophies of the World’s Greatest Philosophers
PestalozziFroebelHerbartSpencer Dewey
Reported by: CJ Fajilan
John Heinrich Pestalozzi (1746-1827)
- a Swiss pedagogue and educational reformer
- founded several educational institutions both in German- and French-speaking regions of Switzerland
- His motto was "Learning by head, hand and heart“
John Heinrich Pestalozzi (1746-1827)
• Education is a social process of organized growth and development
• Education should be in accordance with laws of natural growth and development of the child
• Lessons were to be learned through direct experience with objects and places through observation, inquiry and reasoning.
• Emphasis or method and technique of imparting knowledge and information
• Reality is objective and is composed of matter and form; it is fixed, based on natural law.
• Knowing consists of sensation and abstraction• Values are absolute and eternal based on
nature’s laws• Subject matter curriculum should be
humanistic
John Heinrich Pestalozzi (1746-1827)
Friedrich Wilhelm August Froebel (1782-1852)
• a German pedagogue• a student of Pestalozzi who laid
the foundation for modern education based on the recognition that children have unique needs and capabilities
• He created the concept of the “kindergarten”
Friedrich Wilhelm August Froebel (1782-1852)
• “Father of Kindergarten”• Creative expression should be encouraged• Education should be accompanied with
spirit of informality and joy
• Self-activity as a means of development• Individual differences should be respected • Knowing is the rethinking of latent ideas
Friedrich Wilhelm August Froebel (1782-1852)
• Values are eternal • Play, spontaneous activity should be
utilized to promote self-realization• A subject matter curriculum emphasizing
the great and enduring ideas of culture• Social development
Friedrich Wilhelm August Froebel (1782-1852)
John Friedrich Herbart (1776-1841)
• a German philosopher, psychologist, and founder of pedagogy as an academic discipline
John Friedrich Herbart (1776-1841)
• Learning should lead to character formation
• Aim of education should be ethical and moral
• The leader gets meaning from previous experiences to which it is related
• The curriculum should include a wide range of subjects
• Unity could be achieved through reflection and could be greatly aided by a correlation of subject matter
John Friedrich Herbart (1776-1841)
Five Formal Steps in Teaching1. Preparation – recall of old ideas in the
learner’s experience to which the new curriculum can be related.
2. Presentation – a story, demonstration, experiment or a reading assignment that include facts or new materials or ideas of the new material
3. Comparison – connections and associations between the old and the new
John Friedrich Herbart (1776-1841)
4. Generalization – general principle that are formed from the lesson
5. Application – putting the new idea to work
John Friedrich Herbart (1776-1841)
Herbert Spencer (1820-1903)
• was an English philosopher, biologist, anthropologist, sociologist, and prominent classical liberal political theorist of the Victorian era
Herbert Spencer (1820-1903)
• Knowledge acquired that is best for use in life is also the best for the development of power
• Emphasis on physical activity• Science oriented curriculum
• Societies are bound to change• Opposed to free public education ; those who
really want an education should work hard to acquire the means to attain it
Herbert Spencer (1820-1903)
John Dewey (1859-1952)
• was an American philosopher, psychologist, and educational reformer whose ideas have been influential in education and social reform.
• Theories focused around practices of practicality; pragmatism
John Dewey (1859-1952)
1. Education is life, not preparation for life
2. Education is growth3. Education is a social process 4. Education is a continuous
reconstruction of experiences
He wanted the children to get something out of their education. Through experiments the children
got to interact and see new learning hands on.
• Education is learning by doing• The center of education is the child’s own
social activities• The school is primarily a social institution
John Dewey (1859-1952)
Implications of Dewey’s Theory1. The child is made the center oft the
educative process.2. The aims of education are formulated in
terms of child growth and development rather than mastery of subject.
3. The theory of self-activity is the basis of all learning.
4. The school curriculum is organized in terms of activities and projects.
5. School activities are correlated or integrated with real life outside the school.
6. Informal control is exercised in the classroom.
7. Socialized teaching-and-learning or group process or shared activity is utilized.
8. Thinking and reasoning, rather than memorization, are emphasized in the educative process.
Implications of Dewey’s Theory
9. Evaluation is made an integral part of the educative process.
10. Guidance and counseling are essential parts in education.
11. The school is used as an agency to develop democracy.
Implications of Dewey’s Theory
Aims of Deweyan Philosophy of Education
• Character Development•Well-adjusted Personality• Growth
Sources:
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Heinrich_Pestalozzi• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Fr%C3%B6bel• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Friedrich_Herbart• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Spencer• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Dewey
Internet
Book• Tulio, D. 2008. Historical, Philosophical and Legal
Foundations of Education 2 • Bauzon, P. 2009. Fundamental Philosophies of
Education