The Economics of Unification

8/3/2019 The Economics of Unification

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-economics-of-unification 1/13 Yfauce 2:

OFREK„T EDF@FC^

2 8 ; ;k xubandk}nf` fi }le Ofrek Edf`fcnd N`t}n}u}e k`m

}le Ofrek N`t}n}u}e ifr N`}er`k}nf`ka Edf`fcnd Xfand~


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/the-economics-of-unification 2/13



OEN Emn}frnka Bfkrm

OEN Emn}frt7 Iafre`de Afze#Aee

]rf~ T}k`jkrf`e

Df`}rkd} Emn}fr7 Ckr~ Ckrno

Dfx~rnjl} ®

NTT@ ;85=#9>==



Xkr} N7 Fyerynez k`m Ckdrfedf`fcnd Nttuet

Dfcce`}kr~

Ofrek k`m }le Zfram Edf`fc~ ;D Irem Berjt}e`

Ofrek„t Dlkaae`jet k`m Fxxfr}u`n}net n` 28;; 4Dlke Zffo

K`ka~tnt

Ofrek7 Edf`fcnd Xrftxed}t k`m Dlkaae`jet ki}er }le 9Jafbka Redettnf`Tubnr Akaa k`m Cerka Okrktuau

Xkr} NN7 In`k`dnka N`t}n}u}nf`t k`m Ckroe}t #Ifdut f` Jree` Jrfz}l

Dfcce`}kr~ Ofrek` Jree` Jrfz}l n` k Jafbka Df`}e|} ;Lk` Teu`j#tff

K` Fdek` fi ]rfubae! K` Fdek` fi Fxxfr}u`n}~ ;Xlnanxxe Dfut}eku k`m K`mrez T`fzln}e

K`ka~tnt

T~t}ec Krdln}ed}ure ifr Eiied}nye ;Jree` In`k`de n` Ofrek Onc L~fu`j#}ke

Ofrek„t Jree` Jrfz}l T}rk}ej~7 2 K Zktln`j}f` Xertxed}nye Lke~fu`j Onc

Xkr} NNN7 ]le Tefua J#28

Dfcce`}kr~

K Reiaed}nf` f` }le Tefua Tuccn} 4Xkua Yfadoer

]le J#287 Kdlneyece`}t k`m Dlkaae`jet 4

TkOf`j Na

Yfauce 2:

OFREK„T EDF@FC^

2 8 ; ;



Xkr} NNN7 ]le Tefua J#28 ,Df`}nùem.

K`ka~tnt

Kdlneyece`}t n` Tefua k`m Ofrek„t Rfae n` }le J#28 4Dlfn Lee`kc

Kirndk k`m Tfu}l Ofrek„t Aekmertlnx fi }le J#28 =Czk`jn T Once`~n

Xkr} NY7 E|}er`ka Reak}nf`t

Dfcce`}kr~

Ofrek„t Jree` Eèrj~ Xfandnet k`m Xrftxed}t =Zlk`j Gfflf

K`ka~tnt

Edf`fcnd Ncxandk}nf`t ifr Tfu}l Ofrek fi }le Durre`} 5]rk`tifrck}nf` n` }le Cnmmae Ekt}Lk` Bkrk`

Ofrek#Kirndk7 Ecerjn`j Fxxfr}u`n}net 5

Xlnanxxe me Xf`}e} k`m Gkcet Dani}f` Irk`dnt

U.T.#Ofrek Edf`fcnd Reak}nf`t7 K Ynez irfc Tefua 9Onc Zf`#o~f`j

Xkr} Y7 Ofrek#Dln`k Edf`fcnd Reak}nf`t

Dfcce`}kr~

K @ez Xlkte n` Dln`k—@fr}l Ofrek Reak}nf`t :Jfrmf` J Dlk`j

K`ka~tnt

N`drektn`j Mexe`me`d~7 @fr}l Ofrek„t Edf`fcnd :Reak}nf`t zn}l Dln`k Mndo O @k`}f

Ofrek#Dln`k Edf`fcnd Xkr}èrtlnx7 <]le ]lnrm Dln`k RutlDlef`j ^fu`j#rfo k`m Aee Dlk`j#o~u

Xkr} YN7 @fr}l Ofrek„t Edf`fcnd Meyeafxce`} k`mE|}er`ka Reak}nf`t

Dfcce`}kr~ Luck` Retfurdet k`m Ofrek` Reu`nindk}nf` >@ndlfakt Ebert}km}

K`ka~tnt

]le Edf`fcndt fi Reu`nindk}nf` >Mf`j ^f`j#tue`j

Aekmn`j Edf`fcnd N`mndk}frt ifr Ofrek ;

Kbfu} OEN

OEN Kmyntfr~ Bfkrm ;



@FR]L OFREK„T EDF@FCND MEYEAFXCE@] K@M E\]ER@KA REAK]NF@T >>

]LE EDF@FCNDT FI REU@NINDK]NF@

B~ Mf`j ^f`j#tue`j

]le }erc ‑reu`nindk}nf`– dk` be meinèm kt k xrfdett fi

ifrcn`j fè u`n}em dfu`}r~ irfc }zf fr cfre dfu`}rnet

}lk} lkm bee` texkrk}em b~ n`}er`ka fr e|}er`ka dkutet.

Bktem f` }lnt mein`n}nf`! Tfu}l Ofrek k`m @fr}l Of#

rek! k`m Dln`k k`m ]knzk`! dk` be df`tnmerem kt texk#

rk}em ̀ k}nf`t }lk} knc }f kdlneye reu`nindk}nf`. ]lete

dfu`}rnet affo k} }le reu`nindk}nf`t fi Jerck`~ k`m

Yne}`kc kt ckn` reiere`det. ]le Jerck` reu`nindk}nf`

zkt kdlneyem }lrfujl kbtfrx}nf`”zle` k dkxn}kant}

dfu`}r~ kbtfrbem k tfdnkant} fè”zle` }le Ekt} Jer#

ck` rejnce tummeà~ t}kr}em }f ika}er. N` df`}rkt}! }le

Yne} k̀cete reu`nindk}nf` nt k` e|kcxae fi k tfdnkant}rejnce kbtfrbn`j k dkxn}kant} dfu`}r~ }lrfujl zkr.

N` kmmn}nf`! ze dk` katf rejkrm k rejnf`ka n`}ejrk}nf`

xrfdett be}zee` dfu`}rnet zn}l mniiere`} nmefafjnet

k`m rejncet? }le Eurfxek` U`nf` nt k` e|kcxae fi

}lnt }~xe fi reu`nindk}nf`.

Ze dk` df`tnmer Jerck` reu`nindk}nf` k`m }le Eurf#

xek` n`}ejrk}nf` xrfdett kt ykaukbae cfmeat ifr }le

reu`nindk}nf` fi Tfu}l k`m @fr}l Ofrek. N` kmmn}nf`!

}le reu`nindk}nf` fi Jerck`~ ifrcem k ifu`mk}nf`

ifr Eurfxek` n`}ejrk}nf`. Yne}`kcete reu`nindk}nf`

dk` be e|daumem bedkute n} zkt kdlneyem }lrfujl zkr k`m n} zkt aem b~ k tfdnkant} rejnce. Kt k retua}! }le

bet} cfmea ifr Ofrek„t reu`nindk}nf` nt }le fè utem

b~ Jerck`~? ~e} }lere kre ancn}k}nf`t }f kmfx}n`j

e|kd}a~ }le tkce cfmea. ]le e`ynrf`ce`}ka bkdo#

jrfu`m beln`m }le `k}nf`t„ texkrk}nf` zkt mniiere`}!

kt Ekt} k`m Zet} Jerck`~ zere texkrk}em b~ e|}er`ka

ifrdet. Ki}er Jerck`~ aft} }le Tedf`m Zfram Zkr! }le

ifur ynd}frt re}knèm ku}lfrn}~ fyer Jerck`~ kt }le

Tfyne} U`nf` }ffo df`}rfa fi ekt}er` Jerck`~ k`m kt

}le U`n}em T}k}et! Brn}kn`! k`m Irk`de }ffo df`}rfa fi

zet}er` Jerck`~. N` Ofrek! n` df`}rkt}! bf}l n`}er`ka

k`m e|}er`ka ikd}frt dkutem Ofrek„t texkrk}nf` ki}er }le}rkjem~ fi }le Ofrek` Zkr! murn`j zlndl }le U`n}em

T}k}et! Dln`k! k`m }le Tfyne} U`nf` n`}erierem n` Of#

rek„t n`}er`ka kiiknrt. Kt k retua}! kjjrettnf` fi fè fi

}le Ofrekt }fzkrm }le f}ler k`m k ynd}nc ce`}kan}~ kre

cudl t}rf`jer n` }le dkte fi Ofrek.

Katf! Ekt} k`m Zet} Jerck`~ tlkrem }le tkce dua}ure!

k`m }le~ lkm karekm~ e|xerne`dem k` edf`fcnd k`m

tfdnka meyeafxce`} xrfdett ux }f k xfn`} zlere }le~

lkm k dkxkdn}~ }f n`n}nk}e }le Tedf`m Zfram Zkr. Be#

dkute Ofrek zkt texkrk}em kacft} nccemnk}ea~ ki}er

n} zkt ireem irfc 49 ~ekrt fi Gkxkète dfaf`nwk}nf`!

Tfu}l k`m @fr}l Ofrek lkrma~ tlkre k` e|xerne`de fi

tfdnka meyeafxce`}! k`m k} }le }nce fi texkrk}nf` }le

kbtfau}e aeyea fi meyeafxce`} n}teai zkt katf yer~ afz.

Bktem f` }lete ikd}t! n} dk` be df`daumem }lk} }le dft}

fi Ofrek` reu`nindk}nf` ck~ be cudl lnjler }lk` }lk}

fi }le Jerck` reu`nindk}nf`.

Kxxrfkdln`j }le reu`nindk}nf` xrfbaec irfc k` edf#

`fcnd xertxed}nye! ze kazk~t ikde nttuet reak}em }f

dft}t. Ykrnfut }~xet fi dft}t krnte zle` }zf mniiere`}

rejncet kre n`}ejrk}em zn}l ekdl f}ler. Ze dk` reier

}f Jerck` reu`nindk}nf` kt }le cft} rede`} e|kcxae!

bu}! kt Ofrek„t tn}uk}nf` nt mnttncnakr n` k ùcber fi

zk~t! }le }~xet k`m }le kcfu`}t fi }le dft}t znaa be

mniiere`}. Ofrek ̀ fz lkt k` fxxfr}u`n}~ }f ifrcuak}e

k` eiindne`} reu`nindk}nf` xrfdett kt n} lkt aekrèm k

jrek} meka irfc Jerck` reu`nindk}nf` murn`j }le xkt}

medkmet. ]lnt cek`t }lk} }le beèin}t fi reu`nindk}nf`!`f} gut} }le dft}t! dk` `fz be jnye` xrfxer df`tnmer#

k}nf`. Kxxrfkdln`j }le reu`nindk}nf` xrfbaec irfc k`

edf`fcnd ynezxfn`} dk` be u`mert}ffm kt k xrfdett

fi drek}n`j ck|ncuc beèin}t zn}l }le aekt} dft}? }le

xfttnbnan}~ fi kdlneyn`j }lnt znaa be mntduttem n` }le

è|} ted}nf`.

Aettf`t irfc Jerck` Reu`ndk}nf`

Ki}er Ekt} k`m Zet} Jerck`~ zere reu`ninem! t}um#

net f` }le dft} fi Ofrek` reu`nindk}nf` zere znmea~

u`mer}koe`! k`m df`tnmerk}nf` k`m mntduttnf` fi }let}umnet kacft} bedkce k }re`m. ]le n`}eret} n` }le dft}

fi reu`nindk}nf` n`}e`tninem n` }le xuband kre`k kt }le

e|xed}em xfttnbnan}~ fi reu`nindk}nf` turikdem zn}l }le

mek}l fi Onc Na#tu`j! }le aekmer fi @fr}l Ofrek! n`

;>>=. ]lnt mnm ̀ f} akt} af`j! lfzeyer! k`m }le n`}e`tn}~



;88 ]LE OFREK EDF@FCND N@T]N]U]E

fi mebk}e f` reu`nindk}nf` t}kr}em }f zekoe` n` Ofrek`

tfdne}~ kt }nce xkttem. ]lnt zkt bedkute }le edf`fcnd

dft} fi Jerck` reu`nindk}nf` bedkce o`fz`! k`m

}le et}nck}em dft} fi Ofrek` reu`nindk}nf` e|deemem

}le kcfu`} }lk} Tfu}l Ofrek dfuam bekr. Cfrefyer!

xuband lft}nan}~ }fzkrm reu`nindk}nf` t}kr}em }f kxxekr

n` Ofrek. ]le aettf` irfc }le Jerck` reu`nindk}nf`

k} }lk} }nce zkt }lk} ni Ofrek ifaafzem }le tkce xk}l!

n} zfuam jf brfoe.

]le ce}lfmfafj~ fi dkaduak}n`j }le dft} fi reu`nin#

dk}nf` nt bktem f` }f}kan`j }le dkxn}ka n`ged}em n`}f

@fr}l Ofrek ux }f }le xfn`} zlere }le edf`fcnd

aeyea fi @fr}l Ofrek nt e{uka }f }lk} fi Tfu}l Of#

rek. Mexe`mn`j f` }le et}nck}nf` cfmea! }le dft} fi

reu`nindk}nf` rk`jet irfc lu`mremt fi bnaanf`t }f k

iez }rnaanf` mfaakrt. Zle` Ekt} k`m Zet} Jerck`~

reu`ninem! Zet} Jerck`~„t JMX zkt ;8 }ncet akrjer

}lk` Ekt} Jerck`~„t! k`m Zet} Jerck`~„t xfxuak#

}nf` zkt ifur }ncet akrjer. ]le dft} fi rkntn`j ekt}er`

Jerck`~„t edf`fcnd aeyea ux }f zet}er` Jerck`~„t

zkt ̀ f} e|}rece kt Ekt} Jerck`~„t n`dfce xer dkxn}k

zkt krfu`m 48 xerde`} fi Zet} Jerck`~„t. Katf! Zet}

Jerck`~ k} }le }nce zkt }le tedf`m#akrjet} edf`fcnd

xfzer n` }le zfram ki}er }le U`n}em T}k}et.

N` }le dkte fi Tfu}l Ofrek! lfzeyer! n` 288> n}t

JMX zkt ;< }ncet akrjer }lk` @fr}l Ofrek„t! ~e} n}t

xfxuak}nf` zkt fà~ }znde }le tnwe. Bktem f` }lete

ikd}t! k tncxae dkaduak}nf` aekmt }f k df`dautnf` }lk}

}le dft} fi Ofrek` reu`nindk}nf` zfuam be cfre }lk`

mfubae }le dft} fi Jerck` reu`nindk}nf`. N` }le ekra~

;>>8t zle` Jerck`~ zkt reu`ni~n`j! n} zkt ncxft#

tnbae ifr }le Tfu}l Ofrek` edf`fc~ }f }koe f` tudl

k burme` k`m ifaafz }le tkce xk}l kt Zet} Jerck`~.

Xerlkxt n} zkt k `k}urka edf`fcnd xle`fce`f` ifr

tudl xuband lft}nan}~ }fzkrm reu`nindk}nf` }f krnte n`

Ofrek` tfdne}~.

]le xfan}ndka ̀ edettn}~ fi n`}rfmudn`j Zet} Jerck`~„t

meu}tdle ckro n` ekt}er` Jerck`~ k`m e|dlk`jn`j

Ekt} Jerck` ckrot k} k rk}e fi ;7; lkt bee` xfn`}em

fu} kt k ikd}fr }lk} rkntem }le dft} fi Jerck` edf`fcnd

n`}ejrk}nf`. ]lete medntnf`t kncem }f kyfnm k rktl fi

ecnjrk}nf` fi akbfrert irfc ekt}er` Jerck`~ n`}f

zet}er` Jerck`~ k`m }f nj`n}e ekt}er` Jerck`~„t edf#

`fcnd meyeafxce`}! ~e} }le kmmn}nf`ka dft} burmeèm

Jerck`~„t jfyer`ce`} in`k`det. Katf Jerck`~„t

in`k`det zfrteèm kt }le aeyea fi n}t tfdnka tedurn}~

beèin}t”fè fi }le lnjlet} n` }le zfram”zkt km#

fx}em n` ekt}er` Jerck`~. ]lnt cek`} }lk} }le dkxn}ka

kyknakbae ifr tfdnka fyerlekm n`yet}ce`} lkm }f be

remudem n` reak}nye }erct.

‑Ofrek cut} ifdut f` }le ikd} }lk} }kon`j ekra~ kd#

}nf` dk` remude }le }f}ka reu`nindk}nf` dft}. Zet}

k`m Ekt} Jerck`~ xak`èm k jrkmuka edf`fcnd

n`}ejrk}nf` zle` }le~ mednmem f` xfan}ndka n`}ejrk#

}nf`! bu} }le~ ze`} }lrfujl tlfdo }lerkx~ k} }le

e`m zle` }le~ dlfte k {undo n`}ejrk}nf` fi }lenr

durre`dnet. Tfu}l k`m @fr}l Ofrek cut} in`m k zk~

}f n`}ejrk}e }lenr edf`fcnet eiied}nyea~–

@fz }lk} 28 ~ekrt lkye xkttem tn`de Jerck`~ reu`n#

inem! }lere èemt }f be k ren`}erxre}k}nf` fi Jerck`

reu`nindk}nf`. ]f be cfre xrednte! k ren`}erxre}k}nf`

fi }le dft} fi Jerck` reu`nindk}nf` nt re{unrem. Zle`

dkaduak}n`j }le dft} fi reu`nindk}nf`! fè tlfuam `f}

gut} ikd}fr n` }le e|xe`tet èemem n` }le xrfdett bu}

katf n`daume }le reu`nindk}nf` beèin}t k`m dkaduak}e

}le è} reu`nindk}nf` dft}. Jerck`~ nt t}naa xk~n`j

ifr }le reu`nindk}nf` 28 ~ekrt f`! k`m Jerck`~ katf

e|xerne`dem k` edf`fcnd redettnf` ifr cfre }lk`

;8 ~ekrt. K ùcber fi edf`fcnt}t eye` xremnd}em

}lk} }le Jerck` edf`fc~ zkt jfn`j }f dfaakxte kt k

retua}. Durre`}a~! tfdnka n`}ejrk}nf` be}zee` ekt}er`

k`m zet}er` Jerck`~ nt k` f`jfn`j xrfdett! k`m

}le Jerck` edf`fc~ nt f` k redfyer~ }rkged}fr~ kt

ekt}er` Jerck`~ nt xrfynmn`j k ykaukbae mfcet}nd

ckroe}. Jerck`~ lkt ̀ fz f`de kjkn` bedfce k ckgfr

edf`fcnd xfzer. Katf! Jerck` reu`nindk}nf` lkt txem

ux }le Eurfxek` n`}ejrk}nf` xrfdett! k`m Jerck`~ lkt

`k}urkaa~ bedfce k xnyf}ka cecber n` }le xrfdett. N}

lkt kdlneyem jrek} t}rnmet n` tfdnka n`}ejrk}nf`! k`m

Jerck` xefxae„t xrnme n` fyerdfcn`j mniindua}net n`

}le xkt} mrnyet }le dfcxe}n}nyeètt fi }le dfu`}r~.

]le edf`fcnd aettf`t irfc Jerck` reu`nindk}nf`

dk` be tucckrnwem n` }lree xfn`}t. Inrt}! k `k}nf`

cut} etdkxe irfc }le iekr fi }le burme` fi }le n`n#

}nka reu`nindk}nf` dft}. ]le edf`fcnd xfzer fi Zet}

Jerck`~ zkt rejkrmem kt jrek} e`fujl }f bekr }le

dft} fi reu`nindk}nf`. N} nt }rue }lk} tfce e|dettnye

dft}t krfte! bu} n} zkt zn}ln` rekdl fi Zet} Jerck`~.



@FR]L OFREK„T EDF@FCND MEYEAFXCE@] K@M E\]ER@KA REAK]NF@T ;8;

N} nt e|xed}em }lk} Ofrek znaa katf ikde k` e`frcfut

reu`nindk}nf` dft}! ~e} n} dk``f} e|deem zlk} }le Tfu}l

Ofrek` edf`fc~ dk` e`mure.

Tedf`m! Ofrek cut} ifdut f` }le ikd} }lk} }kon`j ekra~

kd}nf` dk` remude }le }f}ka reu`nindk}nf` dft}. Zet} k`m

Ekt} Jerck`~ xak`èm k jrkmuka edf`fcnd n`}ejrk}nf`

zle` }le~ mednmem f` xfan}ndka n`}ejrk}nf`! bu} }le~

ze`} }lrfujl tlfdo }lerkx~ k} }le e`m zle` }le~ dlfte

k {undo n`}ejrk}nf` fi }lenr durre`dnet. Tfu}l k`m @fr}l

Ofrek cut} in`m k zk~ }f n`}ejrk}e }lenr edf`fcnet

eiied}nyea~! k`m }le jfka tlfuam be }f `k}urkaa~ tuxxrett

}le cfyece`} fi akbfr.

]lnrm! Ofrek ̀ eemt }f df`de`}rk}e f` in`mn`j n}t iu}ure

dfcxe}n}nyeètt. Ofrek cut} mntdfyer n}t jrfz}l e`#

jnè b~ dfccerdnkanwn`j n` krekt zlere beèin}t kre

anoea~ }f krnte ki}er }le reu`nindk}nf`. Jerck`~! ifr

e|kcxae! u}nanwem Eurfxek` n`}ejrk}nf` k`m Jerck`~„t

xrnme kt }le ckgfr edf`fcnd jrfz}l e`jnè.

Reu`nem Edf`fc~ fi }le Ofrek` Xe`n`tuak

Medntnf`t b~ texkrk}em `k}nf`t }f reu`ni~ mf `f} me#

xe`m f` iu}ure edf`fcnd beèin}t k`m dft}t. Dkaduak}#

n`j }le edf`fcnd fu}dfce tlfuam be rejkrmem kt in`m#

n`j k zk~ }f ck|ncnwe }le edf`fcnd eiindne`d~ zle`

}le reu`nindk}nf` mrkzt èkr. Dk` }le reu`nindk}nf` fi

Tfu}l k`m @fr}l Ofrek be edf`fcndkaa~ cek`n`jiua6

]le reu`nindk}nf` dft} fi Ofrek nt `f} jfn`j }f be

k} k aeyea }lk} zfuam be zfrr~n`ja~ tnj`nindk`}. ]le

edf`fcnd jkx be}zee` @fr}l k`m Tfu}l Ofrek lkt

znmeèm cudl cfre tn`de }le ;>>8t. ]le xfxuak}nf`

fi Tfu}l Ofrek e|deemem 58 cnaanf` n` 28;; zlnae }le

xfxuak}nf` fi @fr}l Ofrek n` 288< zkt aett }lk` lkai

}lk}! k} 2= cnaanf`! kddfrmn`j }f k U@ de`tut. Bu} }le

U@ injuret ck~ ̀ f} reiaed} rekan}~! k`m }le xfxuak}nf`

fi @fr}l Ofrek lkt bee` et}nck}em eatezlere }f be

krfu`m 28 cnaanf`.

Tfu}l Ofrek„t n`dfce xer dkxn}k nt katf cudl akrjer”

kxxrf|nck}ea~ -28!888”zlnae }lk} fi @fr}l Ofrek

nt krfu`m -;!888! kddfrmn`j }f et}nck}et b~ }le Bkò

fi Ofrek. ê} }lnt katf teect n} dfuam be k` fyeret}n#

ck}nf`! k`m n} nt cfre anoea~ }f be krfu`m -588 ni ze

dfcxkre }le edf`fcnd rekan}~ fi @fr}l Ofrek zn}l

}lk} fi f}ler dfu`}rnet. Kt k retua}! }le JMX fi Tfu}l

Ofrek nt durre`}a~ cfre }lk` <8 }ncet akrjer }lk` }le

@fr}l Ofrek` edf`fc~. Irfc }lete et}nck}et! ze

dk` df`daume }lk} ni ze xutl lkrm ifr reu`nindk}nf`

f` k` u`rektf`kbae bktnt Tfu}l Ofrek„t jfyer`ce`}

e|xe`mn}ure znaa e|deem k ck`kjekbae aeyea. Kt k

retua}! te}}n`j k ret}rnd}nf` f` }le reu`nindk}nf` bum#

je} znaa be nèyn}kbae! k`m }lnt bumje} ancn}k}nf` ck~

e{uka }le ck|ncuc kcfu`} }lk} Tfu}l Ofrek znaa be

kbae }f kiifrm.

Tfu}l Ofrek„t jfyer`ce`} meb}! zn}lfu} }kon`j reu`n#

indk}nf` dft}t n`}f kddfu`}! nt e|xed}em }f rnte }f =2

xerde`} fi JMX b~ 2848! dkutem b~ ykrnfut rektf`t

tudl kt n}t kjn`j xfxuak}nf`. Ni Tfu}l Ofrek dfccn}t

4 xerde`} fi JMX xer ~ekr n`}f reu`nindk}nf`#reak}em

e|xe`mn}uret! }le edf`fcnd meyeafxce`} fi @fr}l

Ofrek zfuam kddeaerk}e? Tfu}l Ofrek! lfzeyer! zfuam

lkye k jfyer`ce`} meb} kt akrje kt <2 xerde`} fi JMX.

]lnt tn}uk}nf` zfuam be mk`jerfut kt Tfu}l Ofrek„t

jfyer`ce`} meb} zfuam }le` be dafte }f >8 xerde`}

fi JMX! zlndl nt rejkrmem kt }le aeyea zlere k intdka

drntnt nt anoea~ }f fddur. Ni Tfu}l Ofrek zere }f kaaf#

dk}e ; xerde`} fi JMX xer ~ekr n`t}ekm! jfyer`ce`}

meb} zfuam rnte }f 55.= xerde`}! zlndl nt ;4.= xerde`}

lnjler }lk` }le bkteanè! ~e} }le burme` ifr }le Ofrek`

edf`fc~ zfuam be reak}nyea~ cudl aett bedkute }le

jfyer`ce`} meb} zfuam be t}naa beafz }le aeyea }lk} nt

re{unrem }f gfn` }le Eurfxek` Cfè}kr~ U`nf`.

]lete et}nck}et aekm ut }f df`daume }lk} }le ancn}k#

}nf` f` Tfu}l Ofrek„t jfyer`ce`} e|xe`mn}ure n`

reu`nindk}nf`#reak}em krekt znaa be kxxrf|nck}ea~ ;

xerde`} fi JMX xer k`ùc. Df`yertea~! n} dfuam be

n`}erxre}em }lk} ni Tfu}l Ofrek fyern`yet}t n` frmer

}f rknte }le edf`fcnd aeyea fi @fr}l Ofrek }f cee}

}lk} fi Tfu}l Ofrek! }le xrfbkbnan}~ fi je}}n`j k afz

fu}xu} reak}nye }f n}t n`xu} nt lnjl. Ifr e|kcxae! @fr}l

Ofrek„t e|}er`ka }rkme durre`}a~ kcfu`}t }f fà~

kxxrf|nck}ea~ -= bnaanf` k`ùkaa~. N}t e|xfr}t kre

df`de`}rk}em n` ̀ k}urka dfccfmn}net tudl kt cnèrkat

k`m kjrndua}urka xrfmud}t k`m n}t ncxfr}t kre cft}a~

iffm k`m mkna~ èdettn}net. ]lnt tlfzt }lk} n`mut}rnka

kd}nyn}net }lk} dk` drek}e ykaue#kmmem xrfmud}t kre

kbte`} n` @fr}l Ofrek.

Ren`ynjfrk}n`j @fr}l Ofrek„t edf`fc~ znaa re{unre

t}kr}n`j irfc k werf bkte. Eye` ni @fr}l Ofrek kmfx}t

}le meyeafxce`} cfmea utem b~ Tfu}l Ofrek n` }le

;>98t k`m ;>:8t! n}t dkxkdn}~ }f kbtfrb n`yet}ce`}

znaa be ancn}em. Kt k retua}! ni ze df`tnmer }le @fr}l



;82 ]LE OFREK EDF@FCND N@T]N]U]E

Ofrek` edf`fc~„t kbtfrx}nf` dkxkdn}~ k`m }le ret}rnd#

}nf` ncxftem f` Tfu}l Ofrek„t jfyer`ce`} e|xe`mn#

}ure! }le dft} fi Ofrek` reu`nindk}nf` nt `f} jfn`j }f

be kakrcn`ja~ tnj`nindk`}. N} nt ncxfr}k`}! lfzeyer!

}lk} Tfu}l Ofrek mfet `f} kmfx} ncxrkd}ndka xfan#

dnet k} }le bejn``n`j”tudl kt xutln`j ifr durre`d~

n`}ejrk}nf`”kncem k} kdlneyn`j rkxnm edf`fcnd n`}e#

jrk}nf`. Durre`d~ n`}ejrk}nf` nt utukaa~ k in`ka t}kje fi

edf`fcnd n`}ejrk}nf`! fu} fi xfan}ndka èdettn}~.

@e|}! }le n`yntnbae dft}! fr }le tf#dkaaem Ofrek mnt#

dfu`}! }lk} krntet irfc }le mnyntnf` fi Ofrek dk``f} be

fyeraffoem. ]le dft} fi nttuk`de fi mfaakr bf`mt k`m

}lenr n`}eret} rk}et kre k an}}ae lnjler ifr Tfu}l Ofrek

}lk` ifr dfu`}rnet fi k dfcxkrkbae edf`fcnd tn}uk}nf`.

]lnt nt bedkute }le xfan}ndka n`t}kbnan}~ }lk} t}ect irfc

}le mnyntnf` kd}t kt k èjk}nye ikd}fr zle` meyntn`j

k` n`yet}ce`} t}rk}ej~.

Kxkr} irfc }lnt tfcezlk} kxxkre`} dfcxfè`}! }lere

kre ck`~ cfre mntdfu`}t }lk} kre `f} yntnbae. Tfu}l

Ofrek nt durre`}a~ k me ikd}f ntak`m ̀ k}nf`7 }lree tnmet

kre turrfu`mem b~ fdek` k`m fè tnme”}le @fr}l”nt

k danii. Kt k retua}! Tfu}l Ofrek lkt ifu`m n} mniindua}

}f dkrr~ ifrzkrm k butnètt xak` reak}em }f }le Ktnk`

df`}nè`}. Bu} ni @fr}l k`m Tfu}l Ofrek reu`ni~! èz

fxxfr}u`n}net tudl kt df`èd}n`j jkt xnxet }f }le Tnbe#

rnk` krek! }rkmn`j eaed}rndn}~ zn}l Dln`k k`m Ruttnk! df`#

èd}n`j Gkxk` zn}l Ktnk n` }erct fi }rkme b~ anòn`j ux

rknazk~t k`m rfkmt! xutln`j ifr edf`fcnd n`}ejrk}nf`!

k`m drek}n`j k èz dffxerk}nf` t}rud}ure n` @fr}lekt}

Ktnk kcf`j Dln`k! Ofrek! k`m Gkxk` znaa krnte.

Ofrek„t e|dettnye cnan}kr~ txe`mn`j k`m }le reak}em

tfdnka dft}t kre katf k` ncxfr}k`} xkr} fi }le Ofrek

mntdfu`}. Tfu}l Ofrek„t cnan}kr~ txe`mn`j nt durre`}a~

krfu`m 2.: xerde`} fi JMX. ]le cnan}kr~ txe`mn`j

n}teai nt k tnj`nindk`} dft}! bu} }lere nt katf k mntdfu`}

n` }erct fi akbfr. Bedkute fi }le ck`mk}fr~ cnan}kr~

terynde! ~fu`j Ofrek` ce` txe`m }zf }f }lree ~ekrt n`

}le cnan}kr~! k`m }le u}nanwk}nf` fi ~fu`j akbfr xfzer

nt meak~em b~ }zf }f }lree ~ekrt dfcxkrem zn}l f}ler

dfu`}rnet kt k retua}.

Akt}! }le beèin}t fi reu`nindk}nf` kre u`nckjn`kba~

e`frcfut. Irfc k butnètt xertxed}nye! reu`nindk}nf`

nt k butnètt zn}l yer~ lnjl xrfin}kbnan}~. N} dk` be

u`mert}ffm kt }kon`j fyer k dfu`}r~ zn}l k xfxuak#

}nf` fi 28 cnaanf`! u`merjrfu`m retfurdet et}nck}em

}f be zfr}l -4 }rnaanf`! k`m k ak`m cktt fi cfre }lk`

;28!888 t{ukre onafce}ert. Tfu}l Ofrek znaa lkye k

èz mfcet}nd ckroe} fi 28 cnaanf` xefxae! k`m n} znaa

e`gf~ }le beèin}t fi meyeafxce`} n` }lnt ̀ ez ckroe}.

Bedkute @fr}l Ofrek znaa t}kr} irfc k werf bkte! }le

xrfin}kbnan}~ fi meyeafxce`} nt e|xed}em }f be e|#

}recea~ lnjl. Ni @fr}l Ofrek kmfx}t }le meyeafxce`}

cfmea utem b~ }le Tfu}l Ofrek` edf`fc~ n` }le ;>98t

k`m ;>:8t! }le k`ùka edf`fcnd jrfz}l rk}e fi @fr}l

Ofrek znaa e|deem ;8 xerde`} ifr medkmet.

Ifrenj` n`yet}frt znaa katf }koe k` n`}eret} n` n`yet}#

ce`} xrfged}t! k`m n} znaa be xfttnbae }f ifrc n`}er`k#

}nf`ka df`tfr}nk ifr nìrkt}rud}ure df`t}rud}nf` n` @fr}l

Ofrek. Xrfin}kbnan}~ n` krekt fi eèrj~ k`m }rk`txfr#

}k}nf` nt jfn`j }f be xkr}nduakra~ lnjl mexe`mn`j f`

}le butnètt meyeafxce`} ce}lfm. ]le df`t}rud}nf`

n`mut}r~! n`daumn`j bunamn`j lfutn`j! znaa katf tlfz lnjl

xrfin}kbnan}~. ]le Ofrek` edf`fc~ znaa be kbae }f xrfmude

butnèttet n` }le èz n`mut}r~ krekt! k`m k ùcber fi

jafbkaa~ dfcxe}n}nye inrct znaa ecerje kt k retua} fi k`

e|xk`tnf` fi }le mfcet}nd ckroe}. Zle` ze df`tnmer

}le beèin}t! n} nt der}kn` }lk} }le reu`nindk}nf` znaa kd} kt

k èz jrfz}l e`jnè ifr }le Ofrek` edf`fc~.

Df`dautnf`

]lut! reu`nindk}nf` nt k` edf`fcndkaa~ ykaukbae butn#

ètt. ]le dft}t fi reu`nindk}nf` kre ancn}em zlnae }le

beèin}t znaa krnte ifr k` n`mein`n}e xernfm fi }nce. ]le

dkxn}ka n`ged}em znaa be ret}rnd}em }f k aeyea }le Tfu}l

Ofrek` edf`fc~ znaa be kbae }f kiifrm! bu} }le beèin}t

znaa df`}nùe }f n`drekte zn}l }nce.

Tfu}l Ofrek tlfuam t}kr} xrexkrn`j ifr reu`nindk}nf`

rnjl} `fz. Ofrek k`m }le n`}er`k}nf`ka dfccu`n}~

tlfuam bejn` }f mntdutt }le krekt n` zlndl ykrnfut

t}koelfamert znaa lkye }f dffxerk}e n` frmer }f rknte }le

edf`fcnd eiindne`d~ zle` }le }nce }f reu`ni~ tummeà~

dfcet. Ofrek tlfuam kd}nyea~ tekrdl ifr èz butnètt

xrfged}t }lk} kre xf}e`}nkaa~ ynkbae ki}er reu`nindk}nf`

k`m df`t}rud} k` n`}er`k}nf`ka dffxerk}nf` t~t}ec }lk}

dk` anò }lete ̀ ez fxxfr}u`n}net zn}l }le n`}er`k}nf`ka

dkxn}ka ckroe} n` frmer }f meyeafx }lec n`}f lnjla~

xrfin}kbae butnèttet.

Tfu}l Ofrek tlfuam katf in`m ykrnfut zk~t }f dafte

}le edf`fcnd jkx be}zee` n}teai k`m @fr}l Ofrek. ]le

bet} dkte zfuam be ni @fr}l Ofrek mednmet }f reifrc



@FR]L OFREK„T EDF@FCND MEYEAFXCE@] K@M E\]ER@KA REAK]NF@T ;84

b~ n}teai k`m fxe` ux. N} znaa katf lkye }f bedfce k

retxf`tnbae cecber fi }le n`}er`k}nf`ka dfccu`n}~.

Tudl dlk`jet n` @fr}l Ofrek„t belkynfr zfuam cek`

}lk} }le }zf Ofrekt dfuam jrkmukaa~ dkrr~ fu} }lenr

edf`fcnd n`}ejrk}nf` xrfdett beifre }lenr xfan}ndka

n`}ejrk}nf`! k`m @fr}l Ofrek zfuam df`}rnbu}e }f

ck|ncnwn`j }le edf`fcnd eiindne`d~ fi reu`nindk}nf`

b~ }kon`j ux k tlkre fi }le ancn}em reu`nindk}nf` dft}. N`

kmmn}nf`! Tfu}l Ofrek tlfuam df`de`}rk}e f` e|xk`m#

n`j }le edf`fcnd xne kt }lnt zfuam cek` }lk} }le tnwe

fi }le ret}rnd}em txe`mn`j zfuam n`drekte zn}l n}. Zn}l

k t}rf`jer edf`fc~! Ofrek zfuam be kbae }f ck`kje

}le reu`ninem edf`fc~ cfre iae|nba~ k`m e`gf~ }le

retua}n`j be`ein}t.

Mf`j ^f`j#tue`j nt zn}l }le Tkctu`j Edf`fcnd Retekrdl N`t}n}u}e.



Ofrek Edf`fcnd N`t}n}u}e

;<88 O T}ree}! @.ZTun}e ;8;8

Zktln`j}f` M.D.! 28889

Kmmn}nf`ka Dfcce`}kr~ k`m K`ka~tnt

Ofrek7 Edf`fcnd Xrftxed}t k`m Dlkaae`jet ki}er }leJafbka Redettnf`

Kdlneyece`}t n` Tefua k`m Ofrek„t Rfae n` }le J#28

Kirndk k`m Tfu}l Ofrek„t Aekmertlnx fi }le J#28

Ofrek„t Jree` Jrfz}l T}rk}ej~7 K Zktln`j}f` Xertxed}nye

K` Fdek` n` ]rfubae! K` Fdek` fi Fxxfr}u`n}~

T~t}ec Krdln}ed}ure ifr Eiied}nye Jree` In`k`de n` Ofrek

Edf`fcnd Ncxandk}nf`t ifr Tfu}l Ofrek fi }le Durre`}]rk`tifrck}nf` n` }le Cnmmae Ekt}

Ofrek#Kirndk7 Ecerjn`j Fxxfr}u`n}net

U.T.#Ofrek Edf`fcnd Reak}nf`t7 K Ynez irfc Tefua

K @ez Xlkte n` Dln`k—@fr}l Ofrek Reak}nf`t

N`drektn`j Mexe`me`d~7 @fr}l Ofrek„t Edf`fcnd Reak}nf`tzn}l Dln`k

]le Edf`fcndt fi Reu`nindk}nf`

Luck` Retfurdet k`m Ofrek` Reu`nindk}nf`

Ofrek#Dln`k Edf`fcnd Xkr}èrtlnx7 ]le ]lnrm Dln`k Rutl

Teaed}em Dfcce`}kr~

Ofrek k`m }le Zfram Edf`fc~D. Irem Berjt}e`! Xe}ertf` N`t}n}u}e ifr N`}er`k}nf`ka Edf`fcndt

Ofrek„t Dlkaae`jet k`m Fxxfr}u`n}net n` 28;;Dlke Zffo! Ofrek N`t}n}u}e ifr N`}er`k}nf`ka Edf`fcnd Xfand~

K Reiaed}nf` f` }le Tefua Tuccn}Xkua Yfadoer! Ifrcer Dlknrck` fi }le Iemerka Reterye

]le J#287 Kdlneyece`}t k`m Dlkaae`jetTkOf`j Na! Ofrek N`}er`k}nf`ka ]rkme Kttfdnk}nf`

Ofrek` Jree` Jrfz}l n` k Jafbka Df`}e|}Lk` Teu`j#tff! Jafbka Jree` Jrfz}l N`t}n}u}e

Ofrek„t Jree` Eèrj~ Xfandnet k`m Xrftxed}tZlk`j Gfflf! Ofrek N`t}n}u}e fi Eèrj~ Retekrdl

The Economics of Unification

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