The Ecological Power of Green Refrigerants

Sanjay Goyal6th October, 2017

Daikin Air-conditioning India Pvt. Ltd

Broad Key Environment Concerns

Ozone depletion Global Warming

Ozone layer had been damaged by Chlorine

base ref. CFC & HCFC

Ozone layer had been damaged by Chlorine

base ref. CFC & HCFC

Chlorine free alternative refrigerant (HFC) was

introduced

Chlorine free alternative refrigerant (HFC) was

introduced

Expansion of ozone hole has stoppedExpansion of ozone hole has stopped

Global warming has been highlighted as the

critical environmental issue

Global warming has been highlighted as the

critical environmental issue

Key Environment Concerns

� In 100 years, earth’s mean surface temperature has increased by 0.99 Deg C

� It is expected to continue this tendency

1917 2016

Key Environment Concerns

� Carbon dioxide (CO2) is an important heat-trapping (greenhouse) gas, which is released through human activities such as deforestation and burning fossil fuels, as well as natural processes such as respiration and volcanic eruptions

� Since 2005 Co2 levels has been increased from 378.21 ppm to 406.69 PPM in 2017

2005 2017

Key Environment Concerns

Effects of Global Warming & Co2 Emissions

Composition

Ozone depletion potential

（（（（ODP））））

Global warming potential

(GWP)

Vol. Cooling

Capacity

Theoretical

COPP cond

(Mpa)

R22 Single 0.05 1810 100 100 1.7

HF

C

R410A

（R32＋R125)

Azeotrope-

Like 0 2090 141 91 2.7

R32 Single 0 675 160 96 2.8

No

n-H

FC

Propane

(R290) Single 0 ＜3 83 97 1.5

CO2

(R744 ) Single 0 1 256 41 10.0

R1234yf Single 0 4 56 92 1.2

Properties of various refrigerants

Changes are Coming

• HFCs will be phased down

� Drivers:� Montreal Protocol Amendment and coming

phase-down framework

� EPA SNAP Program / Climate Action Plan

� F-gas regulations in Europe

� Canada HFC activities

� California HFC proposals

� Kigali HFC Proposals

High GWP HFCs will be phased down as per the decided and agreed timeline

HCFC Phase out and HFC phase down - India

Under HPMP Program, HCFC22, or R22, is one of main stream refrigerants for air conditioners. R22 must be phased out due to its ODP and converted to substances with zero ODP. Likewise Under HFC phase down Program, R410A has also to be phased down,

High GWP HFC (Ex R410A) Phase down in Developing Country

Therefore When making choice for alternative to R22 & R410A,various aspects must be taken into account. (See Next slide for details)

Next Generation refrigerant - Screening

Next Generation refrigerantsNext Generation refrigerants

Ozone Ozone ProtectionProtection

Climate Climate ChangeChange

Peak LoadPeak Load

SafetySafety

AffordabilityAffordabilityEnergy Energy ResourcesResources

CFC PhaseCFC Phase--outout

HCFC PhaseHCFC Phase--outout

Lower GWPLower GWP

Low EmissionsLow Emissions

High COPHigh COP

Low ToxicLow Toxic

No/Low FlammableNo/Low Flammable

Compact/LightCompact/Light

Easy InstallationEasy Installation& Maintenance& Maintenance

Reduced ChargeReduced Charge

High EfficiencyHigh Efficiency

Market PenetrationMarket Penetration

Efficient UseEfficient Use

DownsizingDownsizing

RegulationRegulation

RecycleRecycle

PatentPatent

Natural Natural ResourcesResources

Critical Factors to be considered for the Alternative Refrigerant Critical Factors to be considered for the Alternative Refrigerant

Properties - R32

Composition

Ozone depletion potential

（（（（ODP））））

Global warming potential

(GWP)

Vol. Cooling

Capacity

Theoretical

COPP cond

(Mpa)

R22 Single 0.05 1810 100 100 1.7

HF

C

R410A

（R32＋R125)

Azeotrope-

Like 0 2090 141 91 2.7

R32 Single 0 675 160 96 2.8

No

n-H

FC

Propane

(R290) Single 0 ＜3 83 97 1.5

CO2

(R744 ) Single 0 1 256 41 10.0

R1234yf Single 0 4 56 92 1.2

Atoms Advantage Disadvantage

Good Solubility with Mineral Oil

Ozone Depletion

Anti-Combustible Higher GWP

Lower GWPHigh Performance

Combustible

Cl

F

H

Refrigerants ODP GWP(IPCC4)

Flammability(ASHRAE34)

R220.055 1810 1

R320 675 2L

R410A

0 2090 1

R32

R125

CHH

F

F

CC

F F

F

FF

H

C

HH

F

F

Cl

C

H

F

F

What is R32 ?

History of R32

（※1） LCCP：（Life Cycle Climate Performance）

Ozone

Economy

Safety Energy efficiency

R32

54

3

2

1LCCP

R410A

54

3

2

1

R32 is the most balanced refrigerant and can reduce GWP by 75%

（※1）

Ozone

Economy

Safety Energy efficiency

LCCP

R22

54

3

2

1

Ozone

Economy

Safety Energy efficiency

LCCP

Total Assessment of Refrigerant

Characteristics of HFC32

�Zero Ozone Depletion Potential

�Superior Energy Efficiency (10% better than HFC22)

�Small Global Warming Impact (LCCP)

�Small Conversion Cost (almost same as conversion to R410A)

�Acceptably Mild Flammable – Successful risk assessment done in Japan & Safer in Use.

�Supply capability is sufficient

GWP Values according to IPCC 4th Assessment ReportFor the EU F gas regulation the GWP values of IPCC 3rd report are valid(R410A = 1975, R32 = 650)

Charged amount GWP x QuantityGWP

x =2088

675

100%

70%

2088

472

77%

CO2 emission potential of R32 vs. R410AR

elat

ive

EE

R (

vs R

410A

at 3

5℃%

)

30 35 40 45 50 55 60

50%

55%

60%

65%

70%

75%

80%

85%

90%

95%

100%

105%

110%

Outdoor temp.(℃)

Indoor : DB/WB = 27℃/ 19℃

Same Capacity at 35℃Outdoor temp.

R32

R32R410A

R32/HFO1234ze(E) blend (70:30)

5%

7%

Comparison for EER

*Residential split system

6.0kW System

4.0kW System

1616Comparison of R32 and R32/HFO blend vs R410A at the same capacity by Daikin

Energy efficiency and Total Emissions

Power ratio

Efficiency ratio0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1

(Precondition for Calculation) *1 Taking low pressure loss into consideration, narrower HEX was used to reduce charge volume. *2 To improve efficiency, HEX size was increased : Indoor HEX x 1,1 + Path x 2, Outdoor HEX x 1.2, and connecting pipe increased from 3/8=> 5/8 *3 To meet IEC requirements, charge volume was reduced: Indoor HEX x 0.8, Outdoor HEX x 0.5, narrower piping was used. *4 To Improve efficiency: Outdoor unit HEX was increased x 1.1 （HEX= Heat Exchanger）

1.SEER Comparison (cooling mode)HPs （Reversible）- 3.5kW-Room AC

2.Peak power comparisonunder cooling condition Outside 35℃, room 27℃

0.4 0.8 1.2

(3) Emissions During Refrigerant Production

(2) Direct Emissions(1) Indirect EmissionsTotal Emissions =

(Kg-CO2)7000 9000 11000 13000 150000

3.Total Emissions (LCCP comparison)

+

+

High SEER

Low Peak Power

Low Impact

R32 is the best solution for global environment.

R410A

R32

R22

LCCP:Life Cycle Climate Potential

R410A

R32

R22

R410A

R32

R22

In Japan, R32 is regarded as non-flammable and inert.In Japan, R32 is regarded as non-flammable and inert.

◆Concentration condition (Upper & Lower Concentration limits)

Lower limit Upper limit

R32 combustion concentration 13.3% 29.3%

※CERI + Kayak Japan (‘11)

◆Ignition Energy (Value for minimum energy with which the gas may ignite)

Min. ignition energy

(Unit; mJ)

Notes

R32 30-100

(From DuPont June 2010

AIChE article report)

With static electricity or electronic

lighters (energy: several mJ),

minimum ignition energy is not

attained

It implies the lack of chances combustion in ordinary working condition of human being because of oxygen deficiency

*According to general high pressure gas safety regulation

Flammability assessment

19

Safety

level

Non-flammable A1

Slightly flammable A2L

Flammable A2

Highly flammable A3

R32 is classified A2L.

Commonly used refrigerant such as NH3 and

R1234yf are in the same category.

R32 is classified A2L.

Commonly used refrigerant such as NH3 and

R1234yf are in the same category.

Flam

mable

*ASHRAE 34

ASHRAE34

Flammability assessment (ASHRAE 34)

Field International Europe US (affects ME&A)

Refrigerant Classification ISO817FDIS -NA-

(based on ISO)ASHRAE 34

UL 2182

Usage Restriction for Safety

ISO5149FDISEN378 ASHRAE 15

IEC60335-2-40Under revision EN60335-2-40

UL 207、、、、UL 250UL 471、、、、UL 474UL 484、、、、UL 984

UL 1995UL 60335-2-40

Main Standards related Refrigerant

Received the information from the ISO central office (Jan 13,2014) that ISO5149-1, 2, 3 are all approved.

The standard of many countries is referring to ISO or has quoted ISO ex. Japan（KHK）, China（GB standard）, Australia, Asian countries are also gazing at the trend of Japan, China, etc.

approved(2014)

R32 Progress Globally

Japan, 2012

Launch of R32 AC’s Globally

Europe, 2013 (40 countries)

■2012RA 2.2-7.2kW

■ 2014 Light Commercial■ 2013 All RA

■ 2014 RA 2.2-8.0kW

★★★★ 2013 ■ 2014 RA 2.2-9.0kW

Launch date by Company

Progress in Japan – All Brands

★★★★ Press Release■ Launched

★★★★ 2013■ 2014 RA 2.2-7.1kW

★★★★ 2013/ ■ 2014 RA 2.2-8.0kW

★★★★ 2013

★★★★ 2013 ■ 2014 RA 2.2-7.1kW

Promotion of R32 Products by manufacturers

R32 Units Penetration (Residential AC)

JP: 8 companies

JP: 3 companiesJP: 3 companiesCN: 1 companies

JP: 3 companies JP: 4 companiesCN: 2 companiesEU: 1 company

JP 4 companiesCN 1 companiesEU 2 companies

JP: 4 companiesTH: 7 companiesKR: 1 companiesCN: 1 companiesUS: 1 companies

JP: 1 company

JP: 2 companiesPhil: 1 company

JP: 1 company

JP: 1 company

25

Europe

Russia

Japan

Australia/New ZealandIndonesia

Thailand

Philippine

VietnamIndiaSaudi/UAE/Oman

Turkey USAKR: 1 company

(Window)US: 1 company

(Window)JP: 1 company

(PTAC)

MalaysiaJP: 1 company

SingaporeJP: 1 company

TaiwanJP: 2 companyTW: 1 company

*1 In case of 1.3kg (including extra charging when installation) of refrigerant charge.

Refrigerant charge volume reduction and improvement of Energy Efficiency derived from R32 use are not considered.

* Estimated by Daikin(Based on press release or catalog information) Canada

JP: 1 company(PTAC)

MexicoJP: 1 company

� More than 1.7 million units are being sold and installed in India so far

� Globally 27 million R32 RAC units has been sold in 51 countries (estimation)M ore than 40mi l l ion*1 tons of CO2 could be reduced (est imat ion )

� Daikin launched R32 Ac’s in Residential (2013) and light commercial category (2016)

� ETA General has launched eco-friendly R-32 refrigerant for its 3 star-rated range in India in 2014

� LG has launched one model of1.5 TR Inverter Model in India in 2015

� Mitsubishi Electric has launched models in 3 star and 5 star category

� Bluestar launched R32 models in Residential category

� Other major brands are also planning to launch R32 RAC’s.26

Progress in India – Other Brands

27

R32 Compressor Manufacturers

(UNEP Technology Road show)

28

Residential Project

<R32>

Reference Site - India

Reference Site - GlobalResidential Project

<R32>

Daikin’s Policy

Daikin Patent Policy

•The air conditioners manufactured in India can be sold in India or can be exported to any countries

•Manufacturer can FREELY buy R32 from open market (Indian supplier or from abroad). •Manufacturer can FREELY buy required materials, parts etc from open market in India or abroad. It is not binding to buy such materials or parts from any affiliates/ subsidiaries of DIL.

•DIL has developed 2 number of Improvement Patents registered in India which shall be available only on FEE basis but the patents correspond to very special technical features and DIL itself does not use the technology.

31http://www.daikin.com/press/2015/150910/index.htmlPress Release – 10th

September, 2015

•On 10 September 2015 , Daikin announced it is offering worldwide free access to 93 patents for the use of HFC-32 in air conditioning, heat pump and refrigeration equipment

•Already in 2011, Daikin had offered these patents to industries in emerging markets who wanted to accelerate their phase-out of ozone-depleting refrigerants.

•Given the urgent need to address climate change, Daikin believes that it is the right time to extend free access to these 93 HFC-32 equipment patents to manufacturers worldwide

Daikin’s Refrigerant Direction

Green is more than a temporary strategy at Daikin.It is embedded in our consistent philosophy to achieve more together. Our Fusion 20 strategic management plan isalso attuned to our movement to help turn the world greener.

Together. In vision and action.